scholarly journals Youth Athlete Development and Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Desbrow
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Important Time ◽  
School Training

AbstractAdolescence (ages 13–18 years) is a period of significant growth and physical development that includes changes in body composition, metabolic and hormonal fluctuations, maturation of organ systems, and establishment of nutrient deposits, which all may affect future health. In terms of nutrition, adolescence is also an important time in establishing an individual’s lifelong relationship with food, which is particularly important in terms of the connection between diet, exercise, and body image. The challenges of time management (e.g., school, training, work and social commitments) and periods of fluctuating emotions are also features of this period. In addition, an adolescent’s peers become increasingly powerful moderators of all behaviours, including eating. Adolescence is also a period of natural experimentation and this can extend to food choice. Adolescent experiences are not the same and individuals vary considerably in their behaviours. To ensure an adolescent athlete fulfils his/her potential, it is important that stakeholders involved in managing youth athletes emphasize eating patterns that align with and support sound physical, physiological and psychosocial development and are consistent with proven principles of sport nutrition.

Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: A Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-Response During Maturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110560
Author(s):  
Neeru Jayanthi ◽  
Stacey Schley ◽  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Heather Saffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Youth Athlete

Context: Most available data on athletic development training models focus on adult or professional athletes, where increasing workload capacity and performance is a primary goal. Development pathways in youth athletes generally emphasize multisport participation rather than sport specialization to optimize motor skill acquisition and to minimize injury risk. Other models emphasize the need for accumulation of sport- and skill-specific hours to develop elite-level status. Despite recommendations against sport specialization, many youth athletes still specialize and need guidance on training and competition. Medical and sport professionals also recommend progressive, gradual increases in workloads to enhance resilience to the demands of high-level competition. There is no accepted model of risk stratification and return to play for training a specialized youth athlete through periods of injury and maturation. In this review, we present individualized training models for specialized youth athletes that (1) prioritize performance for healthy, resilient youth athletes and (2) are adaptable through vulnerable maturational periods and injury. Evidence Acquisition: Nonsystematic review with critical appraisal of existing literature. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: A number of factors must be considered when developing training programs for young athletes: (1) the effect of sport specialization on athlete development and injury, (2) biological maturation, (3) motor and coordination deficits in specialized youth athletes, and (4) workload progressions and response to load. Conclusion: Load-sensitive athletes with multiple risk factors may need medical evaluation, frequent monitoring, and a program designed to restore local tissue and sport-specific capacity. Load-naive athletes, who are often skeletally immature, will likely benefit from serial monitoring and should train and compete with caution, while load-tolerant athletes may only need occasional monitoring and progress to optimum loads. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.

Coaching on the Talent Pathway: Understanding the Influence of Developmental Experiences on Coaching Philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Graham G. Williams ◽  
Áine MacNamara
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Developmental Experiences ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Youth Athlete

There is compelling evidence supporting the critical role of high-quality coaching practice in supporting talented youth athletes through and beyond the talent pathway. The purpose of this study was to explore the coaching philosophies of ex-talent pathway athletes and how the meaning and purpose of their coaching in a talent pathway was influenced by their previous pathway experience. Nine participants were purposefully sampled based on their prior involvement as a youth athlete in a talent pathway and current involvement coaching in a talent pathway. The participants identified how their pathway experience influenced their coaching philosophy and applied coaching practice. Specifically, the participants described how their own youth sport experience influenced their current coaching practice through the formation of a developmental coaching philosophy, through their applied coaching practice orientated towards supporting individual development, and by using their previous pathway experience to support coaching success. These findings suggest that the philosophy underpinning talent pathway coaches’ practice was influenced by their own pathway experience, and the purpose of their practice was orientated to positively impact youth development for and beyond sport. Thus, talent pathways in sport have the capability to be recognised as positively influencing the developmental experiences of future coaching practitioners.

scholarly journals Viewing Kana Television Dramas as predictor of Adolescents’ Psychosocial Developments: the Case of Jimma Town Preparatory Students in Oromia Regional State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Dereje Mekonnen Lammi ◽  
Bonsa Shume ◽  
Addisalem Taye
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Marriage Relationships ◽  
Key Informant Interview

This study was intended to examine the influence of viewing kana television dramas on psychosocial developments of adolescents of Oromia special zone preparatory schools in Oromia region.  To address this objective, correlational research design was employed.  It was targeted on 349 participants selected by multistage and purposive sampling techniques.  Questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used to gather information from participants.  Furthermore, quantitative data analysis was used where multiple linear regression and independent sample t-test were applied.  Tikur Fikir drama was mostly explained peer interaction (β= 0.077, p= .024) while Kuzi Guni drama was mostly predicted adolescent-family interaction (β= 0.082, p= .022) and Kitat drama was mostly predicted adolescents’ identity development (β= 0.334, p= .018).  Independent sample t-test was conducted where there was non-statistically significant mean difference between gender in both peer interaction (male: x ̅=8,SD=1.27 and female: x ̅=8,SD=1.29 at t (332) = -1.45, p =. 149) and family interaction (male: x ̅=8,SD=1.58 and female: x ̅=8,SD=1.49 at t (332) = -.957, p =.321) whereas statistically significant mean difference was found in identity development of the participants((male: x ̅=29.45,SD=4.186 and female: x ̅=31,SD=3.705 at t (327) = -4.44, p< .05) while female adolescents were more influenced by the dramas than their counterparts.  Therefore, it was conclude kana television dramas influenced the psychosocial development of adolescents where awareness raising for both parents and students on monitoring the influences viewing the dramas and further studies are critically recommended in some important social variables including adolescents’ academic achievements, adolescents’ time management skills, and marriage relationships of the society members.

scholarly journals The utility of Matrix Reasoning as an embedded performance validity indicatory in youth athletes

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S16.2-S17
Author(s):  
Jennifer Adler ◽  
Ryan Thompson ◽  
Naomi Kaswan ◽  
Rayna Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Test Of Memory Malingering ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
T Score ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

ObjectiveThe present study assessed Matrix Reasoning (MR) as an embedded validity indicator (EVI) in youth athletes vulnerable to sport-related concussion, using performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) to operationalize effort.BackgroundMatrices tasks have been examined as EVI for pediatric neropsychological assessment (NA; McKinsey, Prieler, & Raven, 2003), and recent literature suggests a cutoff T-score of 43 for MR in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II) may demonstrate utility within youth athletes completing baseline NA.Design/Methods103 youth athletes (76% male, Mage = 12.14) completed a NA, including MR (cutoff T = 43) and TOMM (cut-offs = 45 and 49). Sensitivity and specificity for MR were calclated. Reciever operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis determined whether MR performance accurately categorized participants' effort (represented by TOMM performance).ResultsMR (cut-off T = 43; Sussman et al., 2019) produced sensitivity of 9.09% and specificity of 91.36% in predicting TOMM Trial 1 performance (TOMM1; AUC = 0.449) and 0.00% and 91.18% in predicting TOMM Trial 2 (TOMM2; AUC = 0.074). As a TOMM2 cut-off of 49 offers greater sensitivity to inadequate effort, a further analysis showed MR yielded sensitivity of 0.00% and specificity of 91.00% (AUC = 0.330) in predicting TOMM2 performance with the more conservative cutoff.ConclusionsMR is an adequate EVI in predicting sufficient effort on TOMM, detecting true effortful performance; however, it was inadequate in detecting true non-effortful performance. A more stringent TOMMM cutoff did not improve sensitivity; thus, MR exhibited poor detection of inadequate effort. Overall, MR has utility as an EVI to support adequate effort in youth athlete populations but should not be used independently. This finding is clinically important because adequate effort at baseline is imperative in determining recovery from concussion.

scholarly journals Development of a scale to measure expected concussion reporting behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Sarah J. Lowry ◽  
Kimberly Garrett ◽  
Rachel Hays ◽  
Tamerah Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Item Reduction ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Concussion Education

Abstract Background Most concussion education aims to increase athlete self-report of concussive symptoms. Although the population burden of concussion is high, frequency with which this injury occurs on a given sports team in a given season is relatively low. This means that powering concussion education evaluation studies to measure change in post-injury symptom reporting behavior requires what is often a prohibitively large sample size. Thus, evaluation studies are typically powered to measure proximal cognitions. Expected reporting behavior, a cognition that reflects planned and reactive decision-making, is a theoretically indicated construct for inclusion in evaluation studies. However, previously no scales were available to measure this construct with demonstrated reliability and validity among youth athletes. The objective of this study was to develop and assess the validity of a brief single-factor scale to measure expected youth athlete concussion reporting behavior (CR-E) in a sample of youth athletes. Methods A mixed methods approach was used, including cognitive interviews with youth athletes, and quantitative item reduction and validation. Participants were youth athletes (aged 9–16) from the Seattle metropolitan and rural south-Georgia regions. After refining an initial pool of items using cognitive interviews with a diverse group of youth athletes (n = 20), a survey containing these items was administered to youth soccer and football players (n = 291). Item reduction statistics and sequential confirmatory factor analyses were used to reduce the initial scale using a randomly selected half of the sample. Then, a final confirmatory factor analysis and validation tests were applied to the other half of the sample of youth athletes. Predictive validation was conducted longitudinally in a separate sample of youth athletes (n = 155). Results Internal consistency was high (alpha = 0.89), model fit was excellent, validation tests were in the hypothesized directions, and the scale was feasible to use. Using the finalized 4-item scale, we observed that less than one-third of youth soccer and football athletes expect to “always” tell their coach about symptoms of a suspected concussion. Conclusions The CR-E measure should be included in future studies evaluating concussion education programming in youth athlete populations.

Predicting Youth Athlete Sleep Quality and the Development of a Translational Tool to Inform Practitioner Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110560
Author(s):  
Haresh T. Suppiah ◽  
Richard Swinbourne ◽  
Jericho Wee ◽  
Qixiang He ◽  
Johan Pion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Feature Reduction ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Background: Identifying key variables that predict sleep quality in youth athletes allows practitioners to monitor the most parsimonious set of variables that can improve athlete buy-in and compliance for athlete self-report measurement. Translating these findings into a decision-making tool could facilitate practitioner willingness to monitor sleep in athletes. Hypothesis: Key predictor variables, identified by feature reduction techniques, will lead to higher predictive accuracy in determining youth athletes with poor sleep quality. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A group (N = 115) of elite youth athletes completed questionnaires consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and questions on sport participation, training, sleep environment, and sleep hygiene habits. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used for feature reduction and to select factors to train a feature-reduced sleep quality classification model. These were compared with a classification model utilizing the full feature set. Results: Sport type, training before 8 am, training hours per week, presleep computer usage, presleep texting or calling, prebedtime reading, and during-sleep time checks on digital devices were identified as variables of greatest influence on sleep quality and used for the reduced feature set modeling. The reduced feature set model performed better (area under the curve, 0.80; sensitivity, 0.57; specificity, 0.80) than the full feature set models in classifying youth athlete sleep quality. Conclusion: The findings of our study highlight that sleep quality of elite youth athletes is best predicted by specific sport participation, training, and sleep hygiene habits. Clinical Relevance: Education and interventions around the training and sleep hygiene factors that were identified to most influence the sleep quality of youth athletes could be prioritized to optimize their sleep characteristics. The developed sleep quality nomogram may be useful as a decision-making tool to improve sleep monitoring practice among practitioners.

Coaches’ Reflections of Using a Charity-Driven Framework to Foster Youth Athletes’ Psychosocial Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Corliss Bean ◽  
Carl Nienhuis ◽  
Jason Proulx ◽  
Tiara Cash ◽  
Lara Aknin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Training Resources

When structured appropriately, sport can promote psychosocial development in youth athletes. However, few frameworks exist that allow coaches to intentionally support youth’s psychosocial development through their sport programming. The Play Better framework represents one intentional approach that incorporates prosocial behavior where youth earn donations toward charitable causes for reaching process-based goals. Given the potential benefit that explicit strategies have for yielding positive developmental outcomes, there is a need for research to explore the role of intentionality in enhancing quality sport delivery. The purpose of this study was to understand coaches’ perceptions of using the framework within their coaching practices. Twenty-three soccer coaches (83% male) participated in a one-on-one semistructured interview analyzed inductively. Results indicated that coaches perceived the Play Better framework to (a) help enact their coaching philosophies; (b) enable youth choice, while supporting sport-skill development and enjoyment; (c) facilitate intentional approaches to life skills development and transfer; and (d) foster professional and personal development. This research provides initial evidence of the benefit of using an intentional framework, like Play Better, for athletes and coaches. Future research is needed to understand athlete and parent perspectives of utilizing the framework. Findings help inform future coach training resources and best practices.

scholarly journals Sports Academy as an Avenue for Psychosocial Development and Satisfaction of Youth Athletes in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Tefera Tadesse ◽  
Aemero Asmamaw ◽  
Sirak Habtemariam ◽  
Beshir Edo
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to explore a social-contextual view of talent development in sports by which the demographic and contextual factors of engagement, psychosocial development, and satisfaction, and the extent of their relationships, may be investigated concurrently. The sample (n = 257, nfemale = 122, and nmale = 135) consists of youth athletes (mean age = 17.87 and standard deviation = 1.10), and cross-sectional survey data from two randomly selected sports academies in Ethiopia. Analyses involve group comparisons to identify differences and multiple regressions to examine predictions. Group comparison results show that enrollment in a sports academy accounted for a significant difference in youth athletes’ measured engagement. Moreover, results of regression analyses indicate that higher psychosocial development and more satisfaction of youth athletes were associated with higher engagement and some demographic and contextual factors. Results also show that higher engagement of youth athletes was associated with some demographic and contextual factors. The group comparison results support the self-determination theory, providing evidence regarding the importance of social-contextual conditions in determining the engagement of youth athletes. The results of multiple regression analyses validate engagement theory and substantiate the results of previous studies on talent development. Specifically, it may be inferred that youth athletes’ engagement is not only one of the results of participation in sports but also one of the processes contributing to higher levels of reported psychosocial development and satisfaction. The implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Key Nutritional Considerations for Youth Winter Sports Athletes to Optimize Growth, Maturation and Sporting Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus P. Hannon ◽  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Vincent Gremeaux ◽  
Nicolas Place ◽  
Bengt Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Despite a wealth of sport nutrition guidelines for adult athletes, there are currently no nutrition guidelines for youth winter sports athletes. Whilst it may be pragmatic to apply nutrition guidelines for adult athletes to youth winter sports athletes, it is inappropriate. Due to a paucity of research on youth athletes, it is impossible to provide evidence-based guidelines for this population, so careful extrapolation from the theoretical and practical considerations that apply to other athletic groups is necessary. Youth winter sport athletes undergo rapid biological growth and maturation which influences their nutritional requirements. A varied and balanced diet that ensures sufficient energy availability for optimal growth and maturation as well as sporting performance is the cornerstone of youth athlete nutrition and should also allow for youth athletes to meet their micronutrient requirements. In some cases, micronutrient status (e.g., vitamin D and iron) should be monitored and optimized if appropriate by a medical professional. Dietary supplement use is prevalent amongst youth athletes, however is often unnecessary. Education of youth athletes, their parents and coaches on best nutritional practices as well as the risks associated with dietary supplements is vital for their long-term athletic development. Further research in youth winter sports athletes across different stages of growth and maturation competing in a variety of sports is urgently required in order to inform nutritional guidelines for this population.

scholarly journals Life Course Impact of Glucocorticoids During Pregnancy on Muscle Development and Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qiyue Ding ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Organ Systems

Maternal stress, such as maternal obesity, can induce severe gestational disease and hormonal disorder which may disrupt fetal organ maturation and further cause endangered early or future health in offspring. During fetal development, glucocorticoids are essential for the maturation of organ systems. For instance, in clinical applications, glucocorticoids are commonly utilized to pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery to reduce mortality of the newborns. However, exposure of excessive glucocorticoids at embryonic and fetal developmental stages can cause diseases such as cardiovascular disease and muscle atrophy in adulthood. Effects of excessive glucocorticoids on human health are well-recognized and extensively studied. Nonetheless, effects of these hormones on farm animal growth and development, particularly on prenatal muscle development, and postnatal growth, did not attract much attention until the last decade. Here, we provided a short review of the recent progress relating to the effect of glucocorticoids on prenatal skeletal muscle development and postnatal muscle growth as well as heart muscle development and cardiovascular disease during life course.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document