scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effects of diet and caloric restriction in metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Montefusco ◽  
F. D’Addio ◽  
C. Loretelli ◽  
M. Ben Nasr ◽  
M. Garziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cytokine Profiles

Abstract Background Weight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome has positive effects on cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks, but its effects on peripheral cytokines and lipid profiles in patients are still unclear. Aim To determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss on metabolic parameters, lipids and cytokine profiles. Methods Eighteen adult males with metabolic syndrome (defined according to IDF 2009) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m2 were subjected to a balanced hypocaloric diet for 6 months to reach at least a 5% body weight loss. Results After weight loss, a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, insulin, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was observed. The analysis of LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) lipoproteins showed a change in their composition with a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDL to LDL. This was associated with a significant reduction in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MIP-1β, leading to an overall decreased inflammatory score. An interesting positive correlation was also observed among peripheral cytokines levels after diet and peripheral levels of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), an enzyme with a key role in lipid change. Conclusion Weight loss through caloric restriction is associated with an improvement in peripheral lipid and cytokine profiles that may play a major role in improving cardiovascular risk. Graphic abstract

Abstract 13507: The Role of Weight Loss in Mediating the Effects of a 2-year Caloric Restriction Regimen on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Individuals Without Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Dorling ◽  
Leanne Redman ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
Kim Huffman ◽  
Susan B RACETTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Caloric restriction (CR) improves cardiometabolic risk, even among individuals without obesity. However, it is unclear whether these aging-related benefits are mediated by weight loss. Mediation analyses inform mechanisms underlying relationships between an exposure and outcome. Using mediation analyses, our aim was to test if 2-year weight loss mediates the beneficial effects of CR on cardiometabolic risk markers in individuals without obesity. Methods: Participants without obesity were randomized 2:1 to CR or ad libitum (AL) as part of the 2-year trial, Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE). The CR group aimed to enact 25% CR for 2 years, while AL maintained habitual energy intake. Baseline and year 2 assessments included weight and cardiometabolic risk markers. Using the approaches of Valeri and VanderWeele, mediation was quantified as the natural indirect effect (NIE), defined as the impact of an exposure on an outcome through a mediator. Here, the NIE was the effect of CR (exposure) on cardiometabolic risk markers (outcome) that was accounted for by weight change (mediator). Results: In total, 117 and 71 participants in the CR and AL groups, respectively, completed the trial. The CR group achieved 11.9 (± 0.7)% CR and 7.6 (± 0.3) kg of weight loss ( P < 0.01 versus AL). Weight loss significantly mediated the CR-induced improvements in total cholesterol (NIE = -10.4 ± 3.5 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NIE = -8.5 ± 2.8 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NIE = 2.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL), triglycerides (NIE = -0.20 ± 0.05 log mg/dL), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (NIE = -0.22 ± 0.06), and C-reactive protein (NIE = -0.39 ± 0.15 log ug/mL) ( P ≤ 0.02). Weight loss did not mediate CR-induced reductions in systolic (NIE = -0.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) and diastolic (NIE = -1.0 ± 1.1 mmHg) blood pressure ( P ≥ 0.37). Conclusion: In individuals without obesity, CR-induced improvements in multiple cardiometabolic risk markers are driven by weight loss after 2 years. These findings emphasize that, even in individuals without obesity, weight loss after prolonged CR plays a role in improving cardiometabolic disease risk; however, some CR benefits still occur independent of weight loss.

scholarly journals Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Yangjie Zhang ◽  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Albert S. Yeung ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: The improvement of living standards has led to increases in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. In particular, multifactorial complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, are becoming more prevalent. Currently, developing effective methods to combat or prevent metabolic syndrome is of critical public health importance. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on reducing risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: Both English- and Chinese-language databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Wuqinxi on these outcomes. Meanwhile, we extracted usable data for computing pooled effect size estimates, along with the random-effects model. Results: The synthesized results showed positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 24.06%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.00, p < 0.001, I2 = 61.28%), total plasma cholesterol (TC, SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.71%), triglyceride (TG, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.24, p < 0.001, I2 = 67.22%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.27%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 82.27%). In addition, regression results showed that longer-duration Wuqinxi intervention significantly improved DBP (β = 0.00016, Q = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02), TC (β = −0.00010, Q = 9.03, df = 1, p = 0.01), TG (β = 0.00012, Q = 6.23, df = 1, p = 0.01), and LDL (β = 0.00011, Q = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Wuqinxi may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTSASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Jennifer S Suhashini ◽  
Savitha G
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objectives: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is also the major risk for cardiovascular disease like metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the association of SCH in MetS patients.Materials and Methods: Ninety patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals were enrolled in the study which includes 40 patients with MetS and 40 healthy individuals. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) using the standard kit method. Then, Free T3, Free T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by ELISA method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: SCH is 20% in cases when compared to 4.4% in controls, which was significant, p=0.024. The biochemical parameters were compared between the study population fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol was statistically significant, with p<0.001. TSH levels showed significant difference between two groups with the p=0.002.Conclusion: MetS patients should be screened for the SCH as an important risk factor in evaluation protocol. Mere correction of TSH levels can reverse the associated morbidity in these patients rather than leaving them untreated pushing them to a state of overt hypothyroidism with its attendant complications.

scholarly journals Serum adropin levels in psoriasis vulgaris and its relation with metabolic parameters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SELMA KORKMAZ ◽  
GÜLBEN SAYILAN ÖZGÜN
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group

Background/aim: Adropin is a peptide-structure hormone that plays a role in preventing the development of insulin resistance, which has been linked to obesity and metabolic regulation. The purpose of this study is to assess serum adropin levels and their relationship with metabolic parameters in psoriasis vulgaris patients both with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Fifty-three patients and twenty-six healthy controls were included in this study. Serum adropin levels, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of all participants were analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum adropin levels. Results: Serum adropin levels in psoriatic patients without MetS were 2.94±0.56 ng/ml, in psoriasis patients with MetS were 2.49±0.77 ng/ml and were 3.37±0.71 ng/ml in control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate adropin decreases in psoriasis patients as an independent predictor in terms of the presence of MetS. Conclusion: The serum levels of adropin in psoriasis patients were significantly lower in the presence of MetS, and this decrease was more prominent than in those without MetS. Adropin may be a responsible factor for metabolic disorders and the development of MetS in psoriasis patients. Key words: Psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, adropin

Effect of Fenugreek Seeds on Serum Metabolic Factors and Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0196-0205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rafraf ◽  
Mina Malekiyan ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Akbar Aliasgarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

This triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 88 type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients (males and females). Subjects in the fenugreek seed (n = 44) and placebo (n = 44) groups consumed 10 g/d of powdered whole fenugreek seeds or 5 g/d of wheat starch for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements and dietary records were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Fenugreek seeds significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.007) and HbA1c (P = 0.0001), serum levels of insulin (P = 0.03), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P = 0.004), total cholesterol (P = 0.005) and triglycerides (P = 0.0001) and increased serum levels of adiponectin (P = 0.001) compared with placebo. No significant changes were shown in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both groups. In conclusion, fenugreek seeds improved glucose metabolism, serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels in studied subjects, and may be useful in the control of diabetes risk factors in TD2M patients.

Investigation of ischemia modified albumin and coenzyme Q10 levels in obese children with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahattin Muhtaroğlu ◽  
Selda Özkan Koçak ◽  
İhsan Çetin ◽  
Didem Barlak Keti ◽  
Mustafa Kendirci
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to analyze serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and plasma CoQ10 levels and to evaluate their correlation with insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA) and lipid profile in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods:Thirty-one obese with MS, 30 obese without MS and 34 healthy children aged 6–18 years were included in the study. Serum IMA was measured by colorimetric method, plasma CoQ10 levels were measured by HPLC. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were analyzed.Results:IMA levels were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) while the CoQ10 levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in obese children with and without MS compared to controls. IMA and CoQ10 significantly correlated with each other and metabolic parameters. Furthermore, IMA and CoQ10 levels did not significantly differ between obese children with and without MS, while glucose, insulin levels and HOMA were significantly higher (p<0.001) in obese children with MS than obese without MS and controls.Conclusions:Based on the high levels of IMA, low CoQ10 and association with HOMA and lipid profile; we suggest that obese children may have oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and cardiometabolic risk.

Serum uric acid is associated with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Uygur population

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan F. Li ◽  
Hong M. Wang ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Xiao G. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is low in Uygurs, who have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight–obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to investigate the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and these risk factors in this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uygurs (859 males, 1268 females) aged 20 to 70 years. Demographic data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting and postprandial blood were obtained, and biological measurements were determined. The mean of BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the prevalence of hypertension, IR, hyperglycemia, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with UA but the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios for IR, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia against the lowest UA group increased but decreased for hypo-HDL-c (p < 0.05). The UA in the hypo-HDL-c group was lower than that of the controls; the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c in hyperuricemia subjects was lower than in those with normal UA (p < 0.05). But the opposite results were observed between overweight–obesity, hyperglycemia, IR, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-LDL-c and correspondence controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In Uygur, elevated UA is associated with overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. The HDL-c level significantly increases with UA, whereas the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreases. Further studies are needed to clarify why UA is positively correlated to HDL-c.

Abstract P220: The Effect of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on HDL Functionality in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Investigating Alteration of the Initial Step in Reverse Cholesterol Transport as a Function of Plasma Lipoprotein Composition

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri M Vasudevan ◽  
Urban Tchoua ◽  
Baiba Gillard ◽  
Hu Yu Lin ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with obesity-linked diabetes continues to increase globally and is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by high triglycerides (TG), small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL orchestrates the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process, initiated by macrophage cholesterol efflux (MCE). The traditional hypothesis is that individuals with dyslipidemia have impaired RCT that leads to atherogenesis. However, a recent study showed that one metric of HDL function, macrophage cholesterol efflux (MCE) to diluted patient plasma, inversely correlated with atherosclerotic burden, independent of plasma HDL-C levels. Moreover, cholesterol efflux from ABCA1-upregulated macrophage cell lines to sera of diabetic hypertriglyceridemic subjects is enhanced compared to normolipidemic (NL) controls. The effect of weight loss on MCE in obese individuals with MetS is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate MCE in obese individuals with MetS as a function of plasma dyslipidemia, and to determine the effect of weight loss on the RCT process. We measured the rate of MCE from human monocytic leukemia THP1 cells to plasma of NL controls (n=24) and obese MetS (n=24) patients before and after 4 to 6 weeks of very low calorie, diet-induced weight loss. Weight loss in the MetS patients was significant, averaged 21.3 lbs, with concurrent significant decreases in TG, apoB, TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Measures of insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure and kidney function improved with weight loss. HDL-C was not significantly altered, but apoA-I decreased with weight loss. MCE to plasma of obese MetS patients was higher than MCE to control plasma ((7.44 + 1.36) % vs (6.39 + 1.23) %, p=0.0069). MCE to plasma of obese MetS patients significantly decreased after weight loss (6.23 + 1.69) %, comparable to control values. MCE was strongly correlated to apoB levels (r 2 = 0.13 - 0.38), consistent with apoB lipoprotein function as a cholesterol sink. This was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography analysis of the distribution of effluxed cholesterol among plasma lipoproteins in 1 control and 2 Mets patients. In conclusion, obese patients with MetS demonstrate increased MCE, a measure of HDL function, compared to NL controls, which significantly decreases in response to diet-induced weight loss, concurrent with a reduction in triglyceride and apoB levels. These results suggest that the high apoB lipoprotein levels in MetS pateints facilitate MCE, and may at least partially compensate for the low HDL-C to promote RCT in these patients.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Affect Metabolic Changes Seen With ART Initiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Muhammad ◽  
Ellen S Chan ◽  
Todd T Brown ◽  
Pablo Tebas ◽  
Grace A McComsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Art Initiation

Abstract Background Insulin resistance and lipid changes are common after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of developing diabetes and improves lipid profiles. Methods This 48-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated high-dose vitamin D3 (4000 IU daily) plus calcium supplementation (1000 mg calcium carbonate daily) in HIV-infected participants initiating ART with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (EFV/FTC/TDF). Changes in insulin resistance (as estimated by homeostatic model assessment), fasting lipid profile, and components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Stratified Wilcoxon rank sum tests and stratified normal score tests were used to evaluate differences between treatment arms, stratified by screening 25-OH vitamin D stratum (≤/&gt;20 ng/mL). Results A total of 165 participants enrolled: 79 in the vitamin D/calcium (Vit D/Cal) arm and 86 in the placebo arm. Only the placebo arm experienced a modest increase in insulin resistance at week 24 (P &lt; .001). While increases in total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significant in both arms at weeks 24 and 48, increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 24 were only identified in the placebo arm (P = .011). Body mass index remained stable, whereas modest increases in waist circumference were observed in the placebo arm. Metabolic syndrome was present in 19 participants (12%) at baseline and 20 participants (14%) at week 48, without differences between arms. Conclusions Vit D/Cal supplementation over 48 weeks did not alter the lipid profile or glucose metabolism experienced with initiation of EFV/FTC/TDF in ART-naïve persons. Vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to be an effective strategy to attenuate metabolic dysregulations with ART initiation.

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