scholarly journals ‘Take the Money and Run’: Dutch Evidence on Inheritance and Transfer Receiving and Divorce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Basiglio
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Inherited Wealth

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate whether a wealth endowment, such as an inheritance or a gift, can increase the chances of getting divorced, using Dutch panel data for the period from 2002 to 2016. According to the literature, different factors may lead to the breakdown of a marriage; however, the role played by inherited wealth has never been explored so far. Starting from the idea that the receipt of an inheritance might have an impact on various aspects of an individual’s life, estimations of a Cox proportional hazard ratios model are performed and tests are carried out to establish which variables, with particular attention being given to inherited wealth, act as drivers in increasing the chances of withdrawing from a marriage. The findings suggest that when the wealth endowment has been received by the wife, this increases the chances of the couple separating. This signals that receiving an inheritance/gift changes the bargaining power between the couple: for the husband, it does not represent an incentive to divorce, while the results suggest that the wife might perceive a change in the bargaining power, increasing the likelihood of marital disruption.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Weight Gain in People Treated With Dolutegravir

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Taramasso ◽  
Paolo Bonfanti ◽  
Elena Ricci ◽  
Giancarlo Orofino ◽  
Nicola Squillace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background An unexpected excess in weight gain has recently been reported in the course of dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether weight gain differs among different DTG-containing regimens. Methods Adult naïve and experienced people with HIV (PWH) initiating DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) between July 2014 and December 2019 in the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) prospective cohort were included. We used an adjusted general linear model to compare weight change among backbone groups and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for weight increases >10% from baseline. Results A total of 713 participants, 25.3% women and 91% Caucasian, were included. Of these, 195 (27.4%) started DTG as their first ART regimen, whereas 518 (72.6%) were ART-experienced. DTG was associated with abacavir/lamivudine in 326 participants, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 148, boosted protease inhibitors in 60, rilpivirine in 45, lamivudine in 75, and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC in 59. At 6 and 12 months, weight gain was highest among PWH on TDF/FTC+DTG and TAF/FTC+DTG. Baseline CD4 <200 cells/mm3 (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.96), being ART-naïve (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.18), and treatment with TDF/FTC+DTG (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.98) or TAF/FTC+DTG (HR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.23) were associated with weight gain >10% from baseline. Higher weight (HR, 0.97 by 1 kg; 95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99) and female gender (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88) were protective against weight gain. Conclusions Naïve PWH with lower CD4 counts and those on TAF/FTC or TDF/FTC backbones were at higher risk of weight increase in the course of DTG-based ART.

scholarly journals Farming tasks and the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the agricultural health study

2019 ◽  
pp. oemed-2018-105361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine G Parks ◽  
Armando Meyer ◽  
Laura E Beane Freeman ◽  
Jonathan Hofmann ◽  
Dale P Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Agricultural Health ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Agricultural Health Study

ObjectivesFarming has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have evaluated the effects of pesticides, but other agricultural exposures may also affect immune response.MethodsWe investigated non-pesticide agricultural exposures in relation to RA in licensed pesticide applicators (n=27 175, mostly male farmers) and their spouses (n=22 231) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort (1993–1997) who completed at least one follow-up survey through 2015. Incident RA cases (n=229 applicators and 249 spouses) were identified based on self-report confirmed by use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or medical records. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for applicator status, state, smoking, education and specific pesticide use, allowing estimates to vary by median age when hazards assumptions were not met.ResultsOverall, RA was associated with regularly applying chemical fertilisers (HR=1.50; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.02), using non-gasoline solvents (HR=1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), and painting (HR=1.26; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.59). In older applicators (>62 years), RA was associated with driving combines (HR=2.46; 95% CI 1.05 to 5.78) and milking cows (HR=2.56; 95% CI 1.01 to 6.53). In younger participants (≤62 years), RA was inversely associated with raising animals as well as crops (HR=0.68; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89 vs crops only). Associations with specific crops varied by age: some (eg, hay) were inversely associated with RA in younger participants, while others (eg, alfalfa) were associated with RA in older participants.ConclusionThese findings suggest several agricultural tasks and exposures may contribute to development of RA.

scholarly journals HAS FRAILTY SCORE AND FRAILTY LETHALITY CHANGED OVER TIME? HARMONIZATION OF NHANES COHORTS FROM 1999 TO 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S682-S682
Author(s):  
Joanna M Blodgett ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Olga Theou
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Positive advances in life expectancy, healthcare access and medical technology have been accompanied by an increased prevalence of chronic diseases and substantial population ageing. How this impacts changes in both frailty level and subsequent mortality in recent decades are not well understood. We aimed to investigate how these factors changed over an 18-year period. Nine waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016) were harmonized to create a 46-item frailty index (FI) using self-reported and laboratory-based health deficits. Individuals aged 20+ were included in analyses (n=44086). Mortality was ascertained in December 2015. Weighted multilevel models estimated the effect of cohort on FI score in 10-year age-stratified groups. Cox proportional hazard models estimated if two or four-year mortality risk of frailty changed across the 1999-2012 cohorts. Mean FI score was 0.11±0.10. In the five older age groups (>40 years), later cohorts had higher frailty levels than did earlier cohorts. For example, in people aged 80+, each subsequent cohort had an estimated 0.007 (95%CI: 0.005, 0.009) higher FI score. However, in those aged 20-29, later cohorts had lower frailty [β=-0.0009 (-0.0013, -0.0005)]. Hazard ratios and cohort-frailty interactions indicated that there was no change in two or four-year lethality of FI score over time (i.e. two-year mortality: HR of 1.069 (1.055, 1.084) in 1999-2000 vs 1.061 (1.044, 1.077) in 2011-2012). Higher frailty levels in the most recent years in middle and older aged adults combined with unchanged frailty lethality suggests that the degree of frailty may continue to increase.

Effectiveness and Safety of Non–Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants in Comparison to Phenprocoumon: Data from 61,000 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (03) ◽  
pp. 526-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hohnloser ◽  
Edin Basic ◽  
Christopher Hohmann ◽  
Michael Nabauer
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

AbstractAll pivotal trials have evaluated non–vitamin K oral antagonists (NOACs) against warfarin. However, in some regions of the world, phenprocoumon is the most widely used vitamin K antagonist (VKA). There is little evidence documenting effectiveness and safety of NOACs compared with phenprocoumon in atrial fibrillation (AF). A retrospective cohort study using a German claims database was conducted to assess effectiveness (stroke, systemic embolism [SE]) and safety (bleeding leading to hospitalization) during therapy with NOACs and phenprocoumon in 61,205 AF patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) for effectiveness and safety outcomes were derived from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for baseline characteristics. Propensity score matching was performed as a sensitivity analysis. As a prespecified subgroup analysis, the effects of reduced NOAC dosing were compared with phenprocoumon. A total of 61,205 patients were identified in whom phenprocoumon (n = 23,823, 38.9%), apixaban (n = 10,117, 16.5%), dabigatran (n = 5,122, 8.4%), or rivaroxaban (n = 22,143, 36.2%) was initiated. After adjusting for baseline confounders, all three NOACs tested had significantly lower risks of stroke/SE compared with phenprocoumon (apixaban—HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.90; dabigatran—HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.91; rivaroxaban—HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.97). Apixaban (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.49–0.69) and dabigatran (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80) were associated with lower bleeding risks than phenprocoumon, whereas the risk was similar for rivaroxaban and phenprocoumon. All three NOACs showed reduced risk of intracranial bleeding compared with phenprocoumon. Reduced doses of NOACs were predominantly used in patients with advanced age and comorbidities with generally similar effectiveness and safety benefits compared with phenprocumon as standard-dose NOACs.

Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W -S Hu ◽  
C -L Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development. Methods A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2–Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration. Results In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2–Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93–4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29–6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06–1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20–2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16–9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4). Conclusions Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.

Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Role of Lipoproteins in a High-risk Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE GRETE SEMB ◽  
TORE K. KVIEN ◽  
DAVID A. DeMICCO ◽  
RANA FAYYAD ◽  
CHUAN-CHUAN WUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective.To evaluate lipids and apolipoproteins as predictors of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (CVD) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods.In the pooled cohort of participants in the IDEAL, TNT, and CARDS trials, 50 had ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 36 had psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and 21,641 did not have AS or PsA (non-SpA). We compared lipid levels at baseline between AS or PsA and non-SpA, and hazard ratios (HR) for CVD were calculated in a Cox proportional hazard model.Results.Atherogenic lipids were lower in samples from AS, but not in PsA, compared to non-SpA. The HR for 1 SD increase in baseline lipids for future CVD was for total cholesterol 1.39 (95% CI 0.82, 2.36) in AS, 1.01 (95% CI 0.44, 2.31) in PsA, and 1.10 (95% CI 1.07, 1.14) in non-SpA. Both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein (ApoA-1) were significantly associated with CVD in AS (HR 3.67, 95% CI 1.47, 9.06, and HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02, 3.54, respectively), in contrast to PsA (HDL: HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.49, 2.15; ApoA-1: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.34, 1.89) and non-SpA (HDL: HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84, 0.89; ApoA-1: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85, 0.91).Conclusion.HDL and ApoA-1 were surprisingly associated with increased risk of future CVD in patients with AS, whereas these lipids were protective in non-SpA.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis: a systematic review and a systematic reanalysis of public data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Rana ◽  
Gabriel N. Valbuena ◽  
Ed Curry ◽  
Charlotte L. Bevan ◽  
Hector C. Keun
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models

Abstract Background Reliable prognostic biomarkers to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) are lacking. Many studies investigated microRNAs (miRs) as PCa prognostic biomarkers, often reporting inconsistent findings. We present a systematic review of these; also systematic reanalysis of public miR-profile datasets to identify tissue-derived miRs prognostic of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Methods Independent PubMed searches were performed for relevant articles from January 2007 to December 2019. For the review, 128 studies were included. Pooled-hazard-ratios (HRs) for miRs in multiple studies were calculated using a random-effects model (REM). For the reanalysis, five studies were included and Cox proportional-hazard models, testing miR association with BCR, performed for miRs profiled in all. Results Systematic review identified 120 miRs as prognostic. Five (let-7b-5p, miR-145-5p, miR152-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-224-5p) were consistently associated with progression in multiple cohorts/studies. In the reanalysis, ten (let-7a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-30e-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-425-3p, miR-582-5p) were significantly prognostic of BCR. Of these, miR-148a-3p (HR = 0.80/95% CI = 0.68-0.94) and miR-582-5p (HR = 0.73/95% CI = 0.61-0.87) were also reported in prior publication(s) in the review. Conclusions Fifteen miRs were consistently associated with disease progression in multiple publications or datasets. Further research into their biological roles is warranted to support investigations into their performance as prognostic PCa biomarkers.

scholarly journals Pigmentary abnormality without significant drusen as a risk factor for late age-related macular degeneration

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwon Lee ◽  
Hyun Goo Kang ◽  
Hae Rang Kim ◽  
Christopher Seungkyu Lee ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Disc Area

AbstractWe investigated the incidence and risk factors of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the fellow eye (FE) without significant drusen of patients with unilateral exudative macular neovascularization (MNV). In this retrospective study, 241 eligible patients who were followed-up for more than 3 years were enrolled. We analyzed the incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of late AMD in the FE according to demographic and ophthalmologic variables. Hypopigmentation on color fundus photography (CFP) corresponds to shallow irregular RPE elevation (SIRE), so-called “double-layer sign” and/or “attenuation or disruption of RPE and/or ellipsoid zone” on OCT. The 5-year incidence of FE exudative MNV conversion was 8.6%. The 5-year incidence of FE exudative MNV of large hypopigmentation (≥ 0.5 disc area; DA) and small hypopigmentation (< 0.5 DA) on CFP, and SIRE (≥ 1000 µm) and small RPE elevation (< 1000 µm) on OCT were 36.2%, 14.2%, 55.0%, and 15.6%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed that large hypopigmentation, small hypopigmentation, SIRE, and small RPE elevation showed HRs of 23.230, 8.037, 132.589, and 41.823 for FE exudative MNV occurrence, respectively. Hypopigmentation on CFP and SIRE on OCT could represent the same lesion. Even small hypopigmentation and small RPE elevation were significant risk factors for progression to exudative MNV.

Abstract P388: Which Obesity-related Indicator is Better for Predicting Incident Hypertension? Results from the population-based cohort study of Japan

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michikazu Nakai ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Kunihiro Nishimura ◽  
Misa Takegami ◽  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Objective: Obesity is an established risk factor for hypertension (HT), but it is still controversial which obesity-related indicator is superior in predictability. This study compared the predictability among three indicators, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), in the population-based prospective cohort study of Japan, the Suita study. Methods: Participants who had no HT at baseline (1,591 men and 1,973 women) aged 30-84 years were included in this study. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of each indicator for incident HT with the adjustment for age, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Harrell’s C statistics were also estimated for comparison of indicators’ accuracy. Results: During median follow-up of 7.2 years, 1,325 participants (640 men and 685 women) developed HT. HR (95% CI) of BMI, WC and WHtR for incident HT corresponding to a 1 SD increase was 1.25 (1.15-1.35), 1.21 (1.12-1.31) and 1.23 (1.14-1.34) in men while 1.32 (1.22-1.42), 1.27 (1.18-1.37) and 1.32 (1.21-1.44) in women, respectively. Also, C-statistic (95% CI) of BMI, WC and WHtR was 0.64 (0.62-0.66), 0.63 (0.61-0.65) and 0.63 (0.61-0.66) in men while 0.69 (0.67-0.71), 0.69 (0.67-0.71) and 0.69 (0.67-0.71) in women, respectively. Using 95% CI of each C-statistics, there were no statistical differences among three indicators in both men and women. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that all three indicators (BMI, WC and WHtR) were estimated similarly to predict the risk of developing HT in both Japanese men and women.

scholarly journals Oncotype DX recurrence score implications for disparities in chemotherapy and breast cancer mortality in Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Collin ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
Renjian Jiang ◽  
Kevin C. Ward ◽  
Brittany Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Oncotype Dx ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Among women diagnosed with stage I–IIIa, node-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC), Oncotype DX recurrence scores (ODX RS) inform chemotherapy treatment decisions. Differences in recurrence scores or testing may contribute to racial disparities in BC mortality among women with HR+ tumors. We identified 12,081 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) BC patients in Georgia (2010–2014), eligible to receive an ODX RS. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of chemotherapy receipt by race and ODX RS. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing BC mortality rates by race and recurrence score. Receipt of Oncotype testing was consistent between NHB and NHW women. Receipt of chemotherapy was generally comparable within strata of ODX RS—although NHB women with low scores were slightly more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.77, 1.75), and NHB women with high scores less likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.48, 1.24), than NHW counterparts. NHB women with a low recurrence score had the largest hazard of BC mortality (HR = 2.47 95% CI 1.22, 4.99) compared to NHW women. Our data suggest that additional tumor heterogeneity, or other downstream treatment factors, not captured by ODX, may be drivers of racial disparities in HR+ BC.

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