The role of weak bedding planes in the cross-layer crack growth paths of layered rocks

This chapter shows the unquestionable role of the sign of the cross as the primary sign of divine authority in Carolingian material and manuscript culture, a role partly achieved at the expense of the diminishing symbolic importance of the late antique christograms. It also analyses the appearance of new cruciform devices in the ninth century as well as the adaptation of the early Byzantine tradition of cruciform invocational monograms in Carolingian manuscript culture, as exemplified in the Bible of San Paolo fuori le mura and several other religious manuscripts. The final section examines some Carolingian carmina figurata and, most importantly, Hrabanus Maurus’ In honorem sanctae crucis, as a window into Carolingian graphicacy and the paramount importance of the sign of the cross as its ultimate organizing principle.

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Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

The Oxford Handbook of Group Creativity and Innovation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190648077.013.16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 269-284

Author(s):

Dean Keith Simonton

Keyword(s):

Macro Level ◽

Historical Overview ◽

Creative Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Cross ◽

Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

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Unique Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Shear Layer-Spherulites Layer Alternated Structure

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112746 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2746

Author(s):

Mingjin Liu ◽

Jiaxu Luo ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Xueqin Gao ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Layer ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Slow Crack Growth ◽

Crack Growth Behavior ◽

Polymer Science ◽

The Past ◽

Propagation Behavior ◽

Crack Propagation Behavior

With the development of polymer science, more attention is being paid to the longevity of polymer products. Slow crack growth (SCG), one of the most important factors that reveal the service life of the products, has been investigated widely in the past decades. Here, we manufactured an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sample with a novel shear layer–spherulites layer alternated structure using multiflow vibration injection molding (MFVIM). However, the effect of the alternated structure on the SCG behavior has never been reported before. Surprisingly, the results showed that the resistivity of polymer to SCG can be enhanced remarkably due to the special alternated structure. Moreover, this sample shows unique slow crack propagation behavior in contrast to the sample with the same thickness of shear layer, presenting multiple microcracks in the spherulites layer, which can explain the reason of the resistivity improvement of polymer to SCG.

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The epigenetic etiology of cardiovascular disease in a longitudinal Swedish twin study

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-021-01113-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xueying Qin ◽

Ida K. Karlsson ◽

Yunzhang Wang ◽

Xia Li ◽

Nancy Pedersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Significance Level ◽

Latent Trajectory ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

The Cross ◽

Level 2 ◽

Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Background Studies on DNA methylation have the potential to discover mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the role of DNA methylation in CVD etiology remains unclear. Results We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on CVD in a longitudinal sample of Swedish twins (535 individuals). We selected CpGs reaching the Bonferroni-corrected significance level (2 $$\times$$ × 10–7) or the top-ranked 20 CpGs with the lowest P values if they did not reach this significance level in EWAS analysis associated with non-stroke CVD, overall stroke, and ischemic stroke, respectively. We further applied a bivariate autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to evaluate the cross-lagged effect between DNA methylation of these CpGs and cardiometabolic traits (blood lipids, blood pressure, and body mass index). Furthermore, mediation analysis was performed to evaluate whether the cross-lagged effects had causal impacts on CVD. In the EWAS models, none of the CpGs we selected reached the Bonferroni-corrected significance level. The ALT-SR model showed that DNA methylation levels were more likely to predict the subsequent level of cardiometabolic traits rather than the other way around (numbers of significant cross-lagged paths of methylation → trait/trait → methylation were 84/4, 45/6, 66/1 for the identified three CpG sets, respectively). Finally, we demonstrated significant indirect effects from DNA methylation on CVD mediated by cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions We present evidence for a directional association from DNA methylation on cardiometabolic traits and CVD, rather than the opposite, highlighting the role of epigenetics in CVD development.

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Sounds without borders: Exploring the cross-national expansion of commercial European Radio Groups

European Journal of Communication ◽

10.1177/02673231211012142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026732312110121

Author(s):

Montse Bonet ◽

David Fernández-Quijada

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

The Political ◽

Cultural Industries ◽

Cross Border ◽

National Market ◽

The Cross ◽

National Champions ◽

Cross National ◽

Expansion Strategies

This article aims to study how private European radio is becoming commercially international through the expansion of radio brands beyond their national market. It is the first ever analysis of the expansion strategies of radio groups across Europe, including their footprint in each market in which they operate, from the political economy of cultural industries. The article maps the main radio groups in Europe, analyses cross-national champions in depth and establishes three main types. This study shows that, thanks to the possibilities of a deregulated market, strengthening the role of the brand and the format, and the agreements with other groups, broadcasting radio has overcome the obstacles that, historically, hindered its cross-border expansion.

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Role of Exosomes in Mediating the Cross-Talk Between Adipose Tissue and the Brain

NeuroMolecular Medicine ◽

10.1007/s12017-021-08664-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sri Meghana Yerrapragada ◽

Ji Chen Bihl

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cross Talk ◽

The Cross ◽

The Brain

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The Politics of Cross Demolition

Review of Religion and Chinese Society ◽

10.1163/22143955-00501004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-75

Author(s):

Fuk-tsang Ying

Keyword(s):

Political Perspective ◽

Religious Factor ◽

The Cross ◽

Church State Relations ◽

Zhejiang Provincial ◽

State Relations

From March to December 2014, various Wenzhou churches were affected by the unprecedented destruction wrought during the initial execution of the cross-demolition campaign. Subsequently, this campaign extended from Wenzhou to cities like Ningbo, Taizhou, Lishui, and Hangzhou before returning to Wenzhou in July 2015. This article centers on Wenzhou, where authorities removed at least four hundred crosses from churches. It investigates whether the reasons offered for demolishing illegal buildings justify cross demolition, examines the role of the religious factor in the overall campaign, and determines whether the Zhejiang provincial leader attempted to tackle religion-related problems under the guise of demolishing illegal buildings. This article places the cross-demolition campaign in the context of church-state relations and analyzes it from a religio-political perspective.

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