scholarly journals Looking for a better future: modeling migrant mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Loaiza Saa ◽  
Matej Novak ◽  
Alfredo J. Morales ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Massive migrations have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. A recent example is the Venezuelan migration crisis across South America, which particularly affects neighboring countries like Colombia. Creating an effective response to the crisis is a challenge for governments and international agencies, given the lack of information about migrants’ location, flows and behaviors within and across host countries. For this purpose it is crucial to map and understand geographic patterns of migration, including spatial mobility and dynamics over time. The aim of this paper is to uncover mobility and economic patterns of migrants that left Venezuela and migrated into Colombia due to the effects of the ongoing social, political and economic crisis. We analyze and compare the behavior of two types of migrants: Venezuelan refugees and Colombian nationals who used to live in Venezuela and return to their home country. We adapt the gravity model for human mobility in order to explain migrants’ dispersion across Colombia, and analyze patterns of economic integration. This study is a first attempt at analyzing and comparing two kinds of migrant populations in one destination country, providing unique insight into the processes of mobility and integration after migration.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

Coerced Human Mobility and Elite Social Networks in Early Dynastic Iraq and Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-57
Author(s):  
Vitali Bartash
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
City State ◽  
Social Profiles

AbstractThe article provides a historical analysis of cuneiform records concerning the circulation of unfree humans among the political-cultic elite in southern Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf during the Early Dynastic IIIb period, ca. 2475–2300 BCE. The analysis of the written data from the Adab city-state demonstrates that the royal house used the unfree as gifts to maintain a sociopolitical network on three spatial levels – the internal, local, and (inter)regional. The gift-givers and gift-receivers were mostly male adult members of the local and foreign elite, whereas the dislocated unfree humans were heterogeneous in terms of age, gender, and the ways they lost their freedom. The author relates the social profiles of both groups to the logistics of human traffic to reveal the link between social status and forms and nature of spatial mobility in the politically and socially unstable Early Dynastic Near East.

scholarly journals Student engagement with sustainability: understanding the value–action gap

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Chaplin ◽  
Paul Wyton
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research that aimed to determine what university students living in Unite accommodation in the UK understand about the concept of sustainable living. It considers what barriers they perceive to be standing in the way of following sustainable living practices. In particular, the research aimed to explore any value–action gap for the student population with a view to informing future actions to help close any gap. Design/methodology/approach – The study was completed through an online questionnaire survey of students living in halls of residence operated by provider The Unite Group Plc. The survey informed semi-structured interviews and focus groups that explored the issues raised in greater detail. Findings – It was found that students living in Unite properties believed sustainable living to be important, yet levels of understanding were very low and there appeared to be a wide value–action gap. Reasons for this are varied; however, an unexpected theme emerged around the association of effort and importance. There was a very strong association between sustainable living and recycling, which, therefore, saw the lack of adequate recycling facilities as a significant barrier to sustainable living. There were also issues around a lack of information, cost and respondents’ flatmates as further barriers. However, the most significant barrier was the displacement of responsibility for sustainable living to other people or organisations. Originality/value – Gaining an insight into the complexity of attitude and behaviour of students with the sustainability agenda will enable understanding that can be applied to activities that promote sustainability.

Paradata in Documentation Standards and Recommendations for Digital Archaeological Visualisations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-220
Author(s):  
Lisa Börjesson ◽  
Olle Sköld ◽  
Isto Huvila
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Processing History ◽  
International Harmonisation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
As If

Abstract Digitalisation of research data and massive efforts to make it findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable has revealed that in addition to an eventual lack of description of the data itself (metadata), data reuse is often obstructed by the lack of information about the datamaking and interpretation (i.e. paradata). In search of the extent and composition of categories for describing processes, this article reviews a selection of standards and recommendations frequently referred to as useful for documenting archaeological visualisations. It provides insight into 1) how current standards can be employed to document provenance and processing history (i.e. paradata), and 2) what aspects of the processing history can be made transparent using current standards and which aspects are pushed back or hidden. The findings show that processes are often either completely absent or only partially addressed in the standards. However, instead of criticising standards for bias and omissions as if a perfect description of everything would be attainable, the findings point to the need for a comprehensive consideration of the space a standard is operating in (e.g. national heritage administration or international harmonisation of data). When a standard is used in a specific space it makes particular processes, methods, or tools transparent. Given these premises, if the standard helps to document what needs to be documented (e.g. paradata), and if it provides a type of transparency required in a certain space, it is reasonable to deem the standard good enough for that purpose.

scholarly journals Distance: how mobility gives rise to paradoxes in (re)constructing food identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Selma Tozanli
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Process Work ◽  
Food Identity ◽  
Country Specific

The authors base their research on observations and in the literature concerning different forms of mobility of human beings and food products, distances and territorial anchoring. They continue by addressing the paradoxes in acculturation processes that occur during identity (re)construction in food consumption and eating habits. They focus on the role of cross-border migration, in the spreading of genuine country-specific products and/or local food specialties of migrant populations in their host countries. What are the different definitions of the distance/s between the migrant and his home country and the host culture? What role does the migrant play in the spreading of these eating habits? How does the acculturation process work? What different forms of territorial anchoring account the spreading of these genuine country-specific foods?

SPI Long-Term Benefits

2011 ◽  
pp. 223-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Cater-Steel ◽  
Terry Rout
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

The contribution of small enterprises to the software industry is marked, but the level of understanding of the ways in which they can survive, grow, and improve is limited. In particular, there has been a lack of information on the long-term outcomes of process improvement initiatives in small firms. Building on the basis of a study of assessment-based improvement in 23 small and medium size organizations, we have undertaken a follow-up meeting with each company approximately five years following the original assessment. The results show that changes made in an organisation, driven by a framework of model-based improvement, can have long-term impacts even in small organisations; it appears, however, that there is no necessary link between success in implementing improvement and survival of the organisation. The results provide insight into the extent to which improvement actions can reinforce overall success for the small business.

scholarly journals Introduction to Symposium on Framing Global Migration Law – Part II

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Jaya Ramji-Nogales ◽  
Peter J. Spiro
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Migration Law

Part I of this symposium on framing global migration law introduced broad conceptual parameters of a new field, looking back to its international law roots and forward to a new orientation beyond the strictures of refugee law. Part II looks to situate global migration law along a range of theoretical dimensions. Jacqueline Bhabha establishes the continuities of human movement in a historical context, modern and premodern. Far from representing a radical departure, the current migration “crisis” is consistent with massive migrations over the ages. Tendayi Achiume considers migration through the lens of colonization and decolonization. Out-migration from Europe was a core economic element of the colonization project; Achiume suggests that contemporary migration from former dependencies to metropolitan powers will correct co-dependencies that continue to advantage postcolonial powers. Focusing Achiume's lens on the problem of human trafficking, Janie Chuang complicates the binary depictions of economic migration that underpin contemporary international law. She suggests that global migration law's grounding in a migrant-centered perspective could help state actors to understand the structural causes of modern-day exploitation, enabling a shift from a crime control approach to a human mobility paradigm.

Retailer Adoption of Mobile Payment

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krassie Petrova ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Adoption Model ◽  
Insight Into

This qualitative study aimed to identify the motivating factors and the challenges related to the adoption of mobile payment (mPayment) by small business retailers. Data collected from semi-structured personal interviews with a small group of participants were analyzed applying a content analysis approach. The findings indicate that retailer demand for mPayment was motivated mainly by perceived customer expectations for a convenient (faster) way to pay using the ubiquitous mobile technology, as well as by the perceived efficiency of mPayment leading to revenue increase. Challenges to mPayment adoption included, among others, the need to compete with already established point-of-sale payment technologies and the lack of information about mPayment leading to uncertainty about its comparative advantages. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing and exploring a merchant oriented mPayment adoption model. The factors identified as adoption drivers and challenges provide an insight into New Zealand retailer perspectives on mPayment, and the grounds for recommendations to mPayment service providers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China's Hubei Control Strategy for COVID-19 Epidemic: An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Fangfang Zheng ◽  
Zhicheng Du ◽  
Jinghua Li ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Response Timing ◽  
Importation Risk

Abstract Background: To fight against COVID-19, many policymakers are wavering on stricter public health interventions. However, relying on these measures but different strategies, both in and out of China’s Hubei province basically contained the epidemic in late February 2020. This study aimed to assess the response process and estimate time-varying effect of Hubei control strategy to provide insights for intervention design and implementation.Methods: We retrospectively compared the spread and control of COVID-19 between China’s Hubei (excluding Wuhan) and non-Hubei areas using data that includes case reports, human mobility, and public health interventions from 1 January to 29 February, 2020. The static and dynamic risk assessment models were developed to statistically investigate the effect trends of Hubei control strategy on case growth after adjusting importation risk and response timing with non-Hubei strategy as a contrast.Results: The analysis detected much higher but differential importation risk in Hubei. The response timing largely coincided with the importation risk in non-Hubei areas, but Hubei areas showed an opposite pattern. A careful and comprehensive comparison showed that Hubei control strategy implemented interventions characterized by unprecedentedly strict and ‘monitored’ self-quarantine at home, while non-Hubei strategy included physical distancing measures to reduce contact among individuals within or between populations. In contrast with non-Hubei control strategy, Hubei strategy showed a much higher, non-linear and gradually diminishing protective effect with at least 3 times fewer cases.Conclusions: A risk-based control strategy is crucial to design an effective response for COVID-19 control. Our study demonstrates that the stricter Hubei strategy can achieve much better control effectiveness. These findings highlight the health benefits of precise and differentiated strategies informed by constant monitoring of outbreak risk and policy impacts.

scholarly journals The Future of Minorities in Post-ISIL Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-309
Author(s):  
Zaianddin Mawlood Khidhir ◽  
Rostovanyi Zsolt ◽  
Zubir Rasool Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government

The period after June 2014 has seen forces from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), an armed group, spread quickly across Iraq. This process has led to massive displacements in which affected over two million people. Indeed, the primary targets of ISIL have been religious and ethnic minorities. Some of these groups include Yazidis, Shabak, Kaka’i, and Christians. Also, ISIL has abducted or injured many people, with thousands also killed. Examples of adverse actions that the armed group has committed include severe human rights abuses such as the looting of property, the abduction of children, the destruction of places of worship, sexual enslavement, rape, forced conversion, and summary executions. Whereas the period before the insurgency group’s entry still witnessed minorities exist as a vulnerable group, the violence led by ISIL has threatened to eliminate them permanently from regions such as the Nineveh Plains, have lived in these areas for several centuries. The main question purpose of this paper is to examine the future status of minorities in post-ISIL Iraq? ISIL. I will argue that although ISIL had been defeated in Iraq, their impact will be critical on Iraqi Minorities Even after the demise of ISIL. Currently, informal settlements, abandoned buildings, and camps in which the displaced persons live reflect deteriorating humanitarian conditions. With international agencies experiencing limited resources and also the government failing to offer an effective response, most of the international displaced people (IDPs)[1] do not have enough shelter, health care, water, food, and other essential items. Indeed, most vulnerable groups include children and women. At a time when the majority are contemplating emigration out of Iraq, their survival in the immediate and far future rests upon collaboration among four groups that include the international community, the Iraqi government, Kurdish authorities, and minorities themselves. Some of the specific areas that need to be addressed include the asylum dilemma, reconciliation and restoration, preventing future abuses, legislation, and humanitarian issues.

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