System of Crop Rotation: A Prospective Strategy Alleviating Grain Yield Penalty in Sustainable Aerobic Rice Production

ABSTRAK Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan alih fungsi lahan pertanian, menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi beras. Sedangkan produksi yang diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang ada belum mencapai hasil yang optimal. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi diantaranya adalah memperbaiki tingkat kesuburan tanah dan metode budidaya tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi yang paling tepat antara bahan organik kaya sumber hayati (BOKASHI) dan pupuk NPK terhadap produksi padi yang ditanam secara jajar legowo. penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat pada bulan Juli-Desember 2015. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi bokashi + 75 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 6.3 ton/Ha, sementara produksi padi tanpa penambahan bokashi + 100 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 3.9 ton/Ha, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bokashi dapat meningkatkan produksi gabah sebanyak 2.4 ton/Ha. Penambahan 2 ton/Ha bokashi yang ditanam secara sistem jajar legowo pada tanaman padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk buatan sebanyak 25 %.Kata Kunci : Bokashi, Produksi Padi, Jajar Legowo, Kombinasi ABSTRACT The high rate of population growth and the conversion of agricultural land, causing the need for efforts to increase rice production. While the production obtained from existing agricultural lands yet to achieve optimal results. Efforts should be made to increase the rice production of which is to improve soil fertility and method of rice cultivation. This study aims to obtain the most appropriate combination of organic material rich in biological resources (Bokashi) and NPK fertilizer on rice production are grown Legowo row. Research conducted in the District Pulau Punjung Dharmasraya West Sumatra province in July to December 2015. The study showed that the combination of Bokashi + 75% of artificial fertilizers provide grain yield of 6.3 tonnes / ha, while rice production without adding Bokashi + 100% synthetic fertilizers provide grain yield 3.9 tonnes / ha, thus it can be concluded that the addition of bokashi can increase grain production as much as 2.4 tons / ha. Addition of 2 tons / ha planted Bokashi system Legowo row in rice plants significantly affect the growth and production of rice plants and can reduce the use of artificial fertilizers as much as 25%.Keywords: Bokashi, Rice Production, Jajar Legowo, Combination

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Stress-induced expression of IPT gene in transgenic wheat reduces grain yield penalty under drought

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00171-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ailin Beznec ◽

Paula Faccio ◽

Daniel J. Miralles ◽

Leonor G. Abeledo ◽

Cecilia Decima Oneto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ipt Gene ◽

Receptor Like Kinase ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Yield Penalty ◽

Wild Type Control

Abstract Background The heterologous expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) under the transcriptional control of the senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) promoter delayed cellular senescence and, through it, increased drought tolerance in plants. To evaluate the effect of pSARK::IPT expression in bread wheat, six independent transgenic events were obtained through the biolistic method and evaluated transgene expression, phenology, grain yield and physiological biomass components in plants grown under both drought and well-irrigating conditions. Experiments were performed at different levels: (i) pots and (ii) microplots inside a biosafety greenhouse, as well as under (iii) field conditions. Results Two transgenic events, called TR1 and TR4, outperformed the wild-type control under drought conditions. Transgenic plants showed higher yield under both greenhouse and field conditions, which was positively correlated to grain number (given by more spikes and grains per spike) than wild type. Interestingly, this yield advantage of the transgenic events was observed under both drought and well-watered conditions. Conclusions The results obtained allow us to conclude that the SARK promoter-regulated expression of the IPT gene in bread wheat not only reduced the yield penalty produced by water stress but also led to improved productivity under well-watered conditions.

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Yield response in chickpea cultivars and wheat following crop rotations affecting population densities of Pratylenchus thornei and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13441 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. A. Reen ◽

J. P. Thompson ◽

T. G. Clewett ◽

J. G. Sheedy ◽

K. L. Bell

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Yield Response ◽

First Year ◽

Pratylenchus Thornei ◽

Tolerance Indices ◽

Chickpea Cultivars

In Australia, root-lesion nematode (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei) significantly reduces chickpea and wheat yields. Yield losses from RLN have been determined through use of nematicide; however, nematicide does not control nematodes in Vertosol subsoils in Australia’s northern grains region. The alternative strategy of assessing yield response, by using crop rotation with resistant and susceptible crops to manipulate nematode populations, is poorly documented for chickpea. Our research tested the effectiveness of crop rotation and nematicide against P. thornei populations for assessing yield loss in chickpea. First-year field plots included canola, linseed, canaryseed, wheat and a fallow treatment, all with and without the nematicide aldicarb. The following year, aldicarb was reapplied and plots were re-cropped with four chickpea cultivars and one intolerant wheat cultivar. Highest P. thornei populations were after wheat, at 0.45–0.6 m soil depth. Aldicarb was effective to just 0.3 m for wheat and 0.45 m for other crops, and increased subsequent crop grain yield by only 6%. Canola, linseed and fallow treatments reduced P. thornei populations, but low mycorrhizal spore levels in the soil after canola and fallow treatments were associated with low chickpea yield. Canaryseed kept P. thornei populations low throughout the soil profile and maintained mycorrhizal spore densities, resulting in grain yield increases of up to 25% for chickpea cultivars and 55% for wheat when pre-cropped with canaryseed compared with wheat. Tolerance indices for chickpeas based on yield differences after paired wheat and canaryseed plots ranged from 80% for cv. Tyson to 95% for cv. Lasseter and this strategy is recommended for future use in assessing tolerance.

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Soil Physical Properties and Grain Yield Influenced by Cover Crops and Crop Rotation

American Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.4236/ajps.2018.94045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 584-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

César Tiago Forte ◽

Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽

Leandro Galon ◽

Camile Thais Castoldi ◽

Fábio Luís Winter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Physical Properties

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of Rice (Oriza sativa L.)

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.6.2.05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 166-174

Author(s):

P. Sharada ◽

P. Sujathamma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Rice Production ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Essential Nutrients ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Rice is the most important staple cereals in human nutrition and consumed by 75% of the global population. Rice plant needs supply of essential nutrients for its optimal growth. Rice production has been increased tremendously in India after green revolution combined with insensitive irrigation and use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. However, the effect of using inorganic fertilizers has resulted in contamination of ground water and decreased the productivity of soil, which in turn affects the rice production in long term. Use of organic manure may help to regain the soil health but they are insufficient to provide the essential nutrients to achieve optimal growth. So, use of organic manures combine with inorganic fertilizers are followed to obtain optimum yields. This study aimed to test the effect of the different organic fertilizer and combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of two cultivars of rice as DRR Dhan 39 and RP.BIO.226. The experiment was conducted on the farm located at Fasalwadi village, Sangareddy district, Telangana during kharif season in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment included two controls and 10 combinations of four organic fertilizers as farmyard manure, vermicompost, Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and inorganic fertilizers as combination of 60:75:75 levels of N, P and K. Grain and straw samples were collected and physical parameters were measured at harvest stage. The results indicated that the variety DRR Dhan 39 gave the statistically significant (P<0.0001) higher grain yield of 8713 kg/ha and straw yield of 9483kg/ha with 50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK. On the other hand, the variety of RP.BIO.226 gave the highest grain yield of 6390 kg/ha with Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagvya 3% (8 t/ha, foliar spray and 500 litres/ha) and highest straw yield of 7430 kg/ha with T10 treatment (50% organic fertilizers of Vermicompost, Jeevamrutha 5% and Panchagavya 3% and 50% inorganic fertilizer of NPK). Both varieties of rice poorly responded to inorganic fertilizers with lower grain and straw yield. Statistically significant differences were observed in both varieties of grain crude protein (CP%), straw acid detergent fiber (ADF%), crude fiber (CF%) and acid detergent lignin (ADL%) with different fertilizers

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Studies on nitrogenase activity of diazotrophic isolates from different rice production systems

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i1.787 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 284-289

Author(s):

S. Kanimoli ◽

K. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Acetylene Reduction ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Production Systems ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Rice Production ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Marked Variation ◽

Reduction Assay ◽

First Time

The present study was carried out to evaluate the nitrogen fixing ability of diazotrophs isolated from the rhizosphere soils of rice which were grown in three different rice growing systems. A total of hundred and ten isolates obtained were subjected to Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) and ninety eight isolates recorded significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 185.73 to 3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1. The highest nitrogenase activity was recorded by Derxia (3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) isolated from Trichy (lowland). Among the three different rice production systems, isolates obtained from lowland rice (Derxia â€“ 3794.5 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) recorded higher nitrogenase activity followed by Aerobic (Pseudomonas - 2194.89 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) and SRI (Azotobacter - 1971.85 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) rice isolates. The results revealed marked variation in the ARA of the diazotrophic isolates obtained from lowland, SRI and Aerobic rice. The nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from rice fields have been reported earlier but the nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from three different rice production systems from various parts of Tamil Nadu is reported for the first time from India.

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Effect of Weather Parameters on Yield and Yield Attributes under Aerobic Rice Cultivation during Navarai Season

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i730582 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

S. Pazhanisamy ◽

Al. Narayanan ◽

V. Sridevi ◽

Abhinandan Singh ◽

Amit Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Aerobic Condition ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Rice Grain ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Correlation Studies ◽

Weather Parameters ◽

Jawaharlal Nehru

A field experiment was conducted during Navarai season of 2017 at research farm of Agronomy, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry, India on investigate the performance of seed priming practices at different dates of sowing (February 6th, February 13th and February 20th) under aerobic condition. The results indicated that among the dates of sowing, crop sown on 6th February produced higher grain yield of 2591 kg ha-1. Correlation studies revealed that the direct weather parameters such as maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, morning and evening relative humidity, total evaporation were significantly contributing to the rice grain yield and DMP. Similarly, the derived weather parameters viz., mean Diurnal Variation Temperature (DVT) total Growing Degree Day (GDD), total Helio Thermal Units (HTU), total Photo Thermal Units (PTU) and total Heat Unit Efficiency (HUE) were also significantly contributing to the rice grain yield. From the studyprovedthatthe sowing window February 6thto be more effective for realizing higher productivity of aerobic rice during Navarai season at Karaikal district of Puducherry.

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Intervention of molecular breeding in water saving rice production system: aerobic rice

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-019-1657-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Rahul Kumar Meena ◽

Nabin Bhusal ◽

Kuldeep Kumar ◽

Rajinder Jain ◽

Sunita Jain

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Water Saving ◽

Rice Production ◽

Aerobic Rice

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Evaluation of Yield, Reaction to Diseases, and Grain Physical Attributes of Some Introduced Rice Hybrids in Ghana

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2019/3926765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Samuel Oppong Abebrese ◽

Alex Yeboah ◽

Wilson Dogbe ◽

Paul Kofi Ayirebi Dartey ◽

Richard Akromah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Rice Production ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Physical Attributes

Hybrid rice technology is one of the promising, sustainable, and proven technologies for increasing rice production and productivity with a yield advantage of 15–30% over modern inbred varieties. The potential of hybrid rice has so far not been exploited in Ghana. This study was undertaken to evaluate the yield potential, reaction to diseases, and physical grain attributes of some introduced hybrids. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates across three locations. Data were taken on grain yield, yield components, reaction to diseases, and grain physical characteristics. Four promising hybrids (SWARNA 2, ARGH 1501, ARGH 1502, and ARGH 1503) with a mean yield advantage of 15–20.8% over the best inbred check “AgraRice” were identified. With few exceptions, the hybrids were broadly adapted and had adequate resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight. Most of the test hybrids had long slender grains which make them acceptable to the Ghanaian market but lacked aroma.

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Availability of existing early-season rice cultivars as resources for selecting high-yielding short-duration cultivars of machine-transplanted late-season rice

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479719000310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

Jiana Chen ◽

Min Huang ◽

Fangbo Cao ◽

Xiaohong Yin ◽

Yingbin Zou

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Short Duration ◽

Good Yield ◽

Rice Production ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season

AbstractHigh-yielding short-duration cultivars are required due to the development of mechanized large-scale double-season rice (i.e. early- and late-season rice) production in China. The objective of this study was to identify whether existing early-season rice cultivars can be used as resources to select high-yielding, short-duration (less than 115 days) cultivars of machine-transplanted late-season rice. Field experiments were conducted in Yongan, Hunan Province, China in the early and late rice-growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. Eight early-season rice cultivars (Liangyou 6, Lingliangyou 211, Lingliangyou 268, Xiangzaoxian 32, Xiangzaoxian 42, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39, and Zhuliangyou 819) with growth durations of less than 115 days were used in 2015, and four cultivars (Lingliangyou 268, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39, and Zhuliangyou 819) with good yield performance in the late season in 2015 were grown in 2016. All cultivars had a growth duration of less than 110 days when grown in the late season in both years. Zhongjiazao 17 produced the maximum grain yield of 9.61 Mg ha−1 with a daily grain yield of 108 kg ha−1 d−1 in the late season in 2015. Averaged across both years, Lingliangyou 268 had the highest grain yield of 8.57 Mg ha−1 with a daily grain yield of 95 kg ha−1 d−1 in the late season. The good yield performance of the early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season was mainly attributable to higher apparent radiation use efficiency. Growth duration and grain yield of early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season were not significantly related to those grown in the early season. Our study suggests that it is feasible to select high-yielding short-duration cultivars from existing early-season rice cultivars for machine-transplanted late-season rice production. Special tests by growing alternative early-season rice cultivars in the late season should be done to determine their growth duration and grain yield for such selection.

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