Development of antibiotic-resistant strains for the enumeration of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in stored foods

Abstract Baseline studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs of non-pathogenic but associating microbiota or pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and to inform safe use of freshwater ecosystems in urban and agricultural settings. Mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli were quantified and isolated from water and sediments of two rivers, one in an urban and one in an agricultural area near Christchurch, New Zealand. Resistance of E. coli to one or more of nine different antibiotics was determined. Additionally, selected strains were tested for conjugative transfer of resistances. Despite having similar concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and E. coli, the rivers differed in numbers of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Fully antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains coexist in the two freshwater ecosystems. This study was the first phase of antibiotic resistance profiling in an urban setting and an intensifying dairy agroecosystem. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may pose different ingestion and contact risks than do susceptible E. coli. This difference cannot be seen in population counts alone. This is an important finding for human health assessments of freshwater systems, particularly where recreational uses occur downstream.

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Paper-based analytical devices for colorimetric detection of S. aureus and E. coli and their antibiotic resistant strains in milk

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/d0an01075h ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (22) ◽

pp. 7320-7329

Author(s):

Muhammad Asif ◽

Fazli Rabbi Awan ◽

Qaiser Mahmood Khan ◽

Bongkot Ngamsom ◽

Nicole Pamme

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Colorimetric Detection ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

Paper Microfluidic ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Appropriate Prescription

We investigate paper microfluidic devices for detection of pathogenic bacteria and their sensitivity towards β-lactamase and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) in milk samples to enable appropriate prescription of antibiotics for mastitis.

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New approaches to the impact on the pathogenetic links of sepsis

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-21-240-246 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 240-246

Author(s):

E. A. Nikitin ◽

K. V. Kleymenov ◽

D. D. Batienco ◽

D. A. Akulenko ◽

P. V. Seliverstov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

The Impact ◽

Pathological Reaction

Sepsis is a systemic pathological reaction that arise because of a severe infection. Now, sepsis is considered as one of the most serious diseases and materially expensive nosology’s. For instance, out of 100% of cases of sepsis, only 40% survive. Thus, there is a high mortality rate and a wide prevalence (up to 300 thousand patients with sepsis are registered in Europe), which makes it possible to identify serious problems and the need to improve the clinical approach to the management strategy and tactics of such patients. The number of cases of detection and registration of sepsis has been expanding expansively since the thirties of the last century, and continues to grow dynamically, which obviously requires an improvement in the pathognomonic approach to therapy. The main reasons for the growth of septic conditions are the increasing use of invasive methods in medical practice, the pandemic of diabetes mellitus, the use of cytostatic and immunosuppressants, as well as the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria, total disruption of mucosal microbiocenoses, unreasonable use of probiotics with production strains containing foci of pathogenicity in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies. Now, the main etiopathogenetic therapy of sepsis remains drugs aimed at the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms. However, based on the pathogenesis of the septic state, it seems effective to search for drugs with new points of application to individual pathogenesis links of the systemic inflammatory response. Today, studies aimed at establishing the effectiveness of influence on any individual links in the pathogenesis of sepsis - inflammatory mediators, have not yet yielded clear results.

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Staphylococcus aureus Specific Electrospun Wound Dressings: Influence of Immobilization Technique on Antibacterial Efficiency of Novel Enzybiotic

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Olga Urbanek ◽

Alicja Wysocka ◽

Paweł Nakielski ◽

Filippo Pierini ◽

Elżbieta Jagielska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Physical Adsorption ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Significant Development ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

New Generation ◽

Very High

The spread of antimicrobial resistance requires the development of novel strategies to combat superbugs. Bacteriolytic enzymes (enzybiotics) that selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria, including resistant strains and biofilms, are attractive alternatives to antibiotics, also as a component of a new generation of antimicrobial wound dressings. AuresinePlus is a novel, engineered enzybiotic effective against Staphylococcus aureus—one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, found in infected wounds with a very high prevalence of antibiotic resistance. We took advantage of its potent lytic activity, selectivity, and safety to prepare a set of biodegradable PLGA/chitosan fibers generated by electrospinning. Our aim was to produce antimicrobial nonwovens to deliver enzybiotics directly to the infected wound and better control its release and activity. Three different methods of enzyme immobilization were tested: physical adsorption on the previously hydrolyzed surface, and covalent bonding formation using N-hydroxysuccinimide/N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (NHS/EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GA). The supramolecular structure and functional properties analysis revealed that the selected methods resulted in significant development of nanofibers surface topography resulting in an efficient enzybiotic attachment. Both physically adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes (by NHS/EDC method) exhibited prominent antibacterial activity. Here, we present the extensive comparison between methods for the effective attachment of the enzybiotic to the electrospun nonwovens to generate biomaterials effective against antibiotic-resistant strains. Our intention was to present a comprehensive proof-of-concept study for future antimicrobial wound dressing development.

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Insights into the bacterial profiles and resistome structures following severe 2018 flood in Kerala, South India

10.1101/693820 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soumya Jaya Divakaran ◽

Jamiema Sara Philip ◽

Padma Chereddy ◽

Sai Ravi Chandra Nori ◽

Akshay Jaya Ganesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Faecal Contamination ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Ecological Habitat ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Extreme Flooding

AbstractExtreme flooding is one of the major risk factors for human health, and it can significantly influence the microbial communities and enhance the mobility of infectious disease agents within its affected areas. The flood crisis in 2018 was one of the severe natural calamities recorded in the southern state of India (Kerala) that significantly affected its economy and ecological habitat. We utilized a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches for understanding microbiome disruption and the dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on flooded sites. Here we report, altered bacterial profiles at the flooded sites having 77 significantly different bacterial genera in comparison with non-flooded mangrove settings. The flooded regions were heavily contaminated with faecal contamination indicators such asEscherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisand resistant strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, SalmonellaTyphi/Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio choleraeandStaphylococcus aureus. The resistome of the flooded sites contains 103 resistant genes, of which 38% are encoded in plasmids, where most of them are associated with pathogens. The presence of 6 pathogenic bacteria and its susceptibility to multiple antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline hydrochloride were confirmed in flooded and post-flooded sites using traditional culture-based analysis followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results reveal altered bacterial profile following a devastating flood event with elevated levels of both faecal contamination indicators and resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. The circulation of raw sewage from waste treatment settings and urban area might facilitate the spreading of pathogenic bacteria and resistant genes.

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The Influence of Dimerization on the Pharmacokinetics and Activity of an Antibacterial Enzyme Lysostaphin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24101879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1879 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexander V. Grishin ◽

Natalia V. Lavrova ◽

Alexander M. Lyashchuk ◽

Natalia V. Strukova ◽

Maria S. Generalova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Clearance Rate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Dimerization Domain ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Terminal Half Life ◽

Resistant Strains

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria is a major healthcare problem. Antibacterial lysins are enzymes that cleave the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. These proteins hold potential as a supplement or an alternative to traditional antibiotics since they are active against antibiotic resistant strains. However, antibacterial lysins are rapidly eliminated from the systemic circulation, which limits their application. Dimerization of an anti-pneumococcal lysin Cpl-1 has been demonstrated to decrease the clearance rate of this protein in mice. In the present work, we constructed a dimer of an anti-staphylococcal lysin lysostaphin by fusing it with an anti-parallel α-helical dimerization domain. Lysostaphin dimer had a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile with increased terminal half-life and area under the curve (AUC) values compared to monomeric lysostaphin. However, the staphylolytic activity of dimerized lysostaphin was decreased. This decrease in activity was likely caused by the dimerization; since the catalytic efficacy of lysostaphin dimer towards pentaglycine peptide was unaltered. Our results demonstrate that, although dimerization is indeed beneficial for the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial lysins, this approach might not be suitable for all lysins, as it can negatively affect the lysin activity.

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Insights into the Bacterial Profiles and Resistome Structures Following the Severe 2018 Flood in Kerala, South India

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7100474 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 474

Author(s):

Soumya Jaya Divakaran ◽

Jamiema Sara Philip ◽

Padma Chereddy ◽

Sai Ravi Chandra Nori ◽

Akshay Jaya Ganesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Southern State ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Ecological Habitat ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Extreme Flooding

Extreme flooding is one of the major risk factors for human health, and it can significantly influence the microbial communities and enhance the mobility of infectious disease agents within the affected areas. The flood crisis in 2018 was one of the severe natural calamities recorded in the southern state of India (Kerala) that significantly affected its economy and ecological habitat. We utilized a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches to understand the bacterial profile and the abundance of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in extremely flooded areas of Kuttanad, Kerala (4–10 feet below sea level). Here we report the bacterial profiles of flooded sites that are abundant with virulent and resistant bacteria. The flooded sites were heavily contaminated with faecal contamination indicators such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis and multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi/typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae. The resistome of the flooded sites contains 103 known resistant genes, of which 38% are plasmid-encoded, where most of them are known to be associated with pathogenic bacteria. Our results reveal an overall picture of the bacterial profile and resistome of sites following a devastating flood event, which might increase the levels of pathogens and its associated risks.

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Novel Broad-Spectrum Bis-(Imidazolinylindole) Derivatives with Potent Antibacterial Activities against Antibiotic-Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01709-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 4283-4291 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Rekha G. Panchal ◽

Ricky L. Ulrich ◽

Douglas Lane ◽

Michelle M. Butler ◽

Chad Houseweart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Given the limited number of structural classes of clinically available antimicrobial drugs, the discovery of antibacterials with novel chemical scaffolds is an important strategy in the development of effective therapeutics for both naturally occurring and engineered resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, several diarylamidine derivatives were evaluated for their ability to protect macrophages from cell death following infection with Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Four bis-(imidazolinylindole) compounds were identified with potent antibacterial activity as measured by the protection of macrophages and by the inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro. These compounds were effective against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, including several antibiotic-resistant strains. Minor structural variations among the four compounds correlated with differences in their effects on bacterial macromolecular synthesis and mechanisms of resistance. In vivo studies revealed protection by two of the compounds of mice lethally infected with B. anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Yersinia pestis. Taken together, these results indicate that the bis-(imidazolinylindole) compounds represent a new chemotype for the development of therapeutics for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species as well as against antibiotic-resistant infections.

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Efficiency of combined action of antimicrobial preparations against poly-resistant strains of conditionally-pathogenic bacteria isolated from wounds of surgery patients

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/022060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

T. V. Sklyar ◽

K. V. Lavrentievа ◽

O. M. Rudas ◽

О. V. Bilotserkivska ◽

N. V. Kurahina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Strategic Approach ◽

Resistant Strains

The strategy of use of combination therapy of antibacterial preparations is being broadly introduced to clinical practice to fight bacterial infections caused by poly-resistant strains of microorganisms. From the wounds of surgery patients, we isolated 67 clinical strains of conditionally-pathogenic bacteria identified as Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using disk diffusion method, the isolated bacterial strains were found to be most resistant to penicillin preparations: ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin/clavulanat; tetracycline and cephalosporin of the II generation – cefoxitin. The percentage of strains insusceptible to these antibacterial preparations accounted for 65.0%. The division of antibiotic-resistant cultures regarding phenotype groups according to the level of their antibiotic resistance allowed determination of 4 PDR-, 8 XDR- and 14 MDR-strains. During the studies on experimental determining of MIC of antibiotic and antiseptics in the condition of applying them as monopreparations against isolated bacterial cultures, we saw significant exceess in the threshold values of MIC, and, first of all, regarding pandrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant clinical microbial isolates. Use of combinations of antibacterial preparations was found to show the synergic effect of antibiotics (ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, gentamicin) and antiseptics (chlorhexidine, decasan), which is expressed in simultaneous decrease in MIC of each of the tested preparations by 2–8 times compared with their isolative application. Such combinatory approach regarding simultaneous application of antibacterial preparations may be considered as one of the most promising ways to combat poly-resistant clinical isolates of conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms and to offer a new strategic approach to prevention of spread of antibiotic resistance as a phenomenon in medical practice.

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Exploration of antibacterial metabolites producing marine bacteria from Sundarbans, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v18i1.23516 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Ashish Kumar Sarker ◽

Md Anwarul Haque ◽

Mohammad Sayful Islam ◽

Md Ajijur Rahman ◽

Md Anwar Ul Islam

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Marine Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Term Basis ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Marine Soil

To combat the increasing numbers of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria new source of antibacterial agents are desperately needed. This study was aimed to discover new marine bacteria having antibacterial activity from marine soil samples of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Using starch-casein-nitrate-agar medium thirty nine marine bacteria colonies were isolated as pure isolates from nine marine soil samples. Each of the isolates was preserved in both short term and long term basis. Based on the aerial and substrate mycelia color of the isolates they were grouped into five color series and were screened for their antibacterial activity against a series of test bacteria. Among thirty nine pure isolates twenty four isolates (61.5%) exhibited moderate to high activity against three grampositive and four gram-negative bacteria. This is due to the antibacterial metabolites secreted in the medium by most of the isolates. It suggested that Sundarbans may be an interesting, valuable and potential source for the exploration of novel marine bacteria with the potential to yield useful new antibacterial secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 53-60, 2015

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