Clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci: identification and resistance patterns

Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST-398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of cfr gene. Moreover, S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes. We identified the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Since both S. aureus and CoNS are the most common etiological factors in laryngological infections, monitoring of such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.

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SIMPLE AND ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR SPECIATION AND RESISTOTYPING OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02350-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

R Goyal ◽

NP Singh ◽

A Kumar ◽

I Kaur ◽

M Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Economical Method ◽

Clinically Significant

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577. Incidence and Outcomes of Positive Outpatient Surveillance Blood Cultures in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Patients with Graft Versus Host Disease (GvHD) On High Dose ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day (HD) and Low Dose < 0.5mg/kg/day (LD) Steroid Therapy

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S353-S354

Author(s):

Sarah Perreault ◽

Molly Schiffer ◽

Jennifer Zhao ◽

Dayna McManus ◽

Francine Foss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steroid Therapy ◽

Central Line ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

High Dose ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Surveillance Cultures ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Clinically Significant

Abstract Background Treatment of GvHD with steroids increases the risk of infection in HSCT patients due to additive immunosuppression and may delay the diagnosis of infection due to lack of symptoms. Outpatient surveillance blood cultures in HSCT with GvHD being treated with HD steroids has demonstrated a blood culture positivity rate of 3.5%. Currently, the utility of surveillance cultures in patients receiving LD steroid therapy is unknown. Our practice includes weekly outpatient surveillance cultures for all GvHD patients treated with steroids regardless of the dose. The primary endpoint of this study was to assess the incidence of positive surveillance blood cultures in GvHD patients receiving HD or LD steroids. Secondary endpoints included number of patients treated, hospitalization, 30 day mortality due to infection, and organisms isolated. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective review of GvHD patients at Yale New Haven Hospital between January 2013 and May 2019. Patients were excluded if: lack of signs or symptoms of GvHD, treatment with steroids for any indication other than GvHD, and active GvHD without central line. Cultures from patients receiving antibiotics for concurrent infection were also excluded. Results A total of 71 patients met criteria with 901 blood cultures. On HD, eight patients (14%) had 12 positive cultures (4%), and on LD, 16 patients (25%) had 22 positive cultures (4%) (p=0.15). Treatment occurred in six patients (75%) with four (24%) requiring hospitalization on HD, and 12 patients (75%) with 10 (83%) requiring hospitalization on LD (p=0.45). The median duration of steroid therapy was 93 and 236 days with a median dose of steroids of 1mg/kg/day and 0.15mg/kg/day, respectively. The number of positive cultures/1000 steroid days was 1.2 on HD and 0.5 on LD (RR 2.2). 30 day mortality was only noted in one patient (8%) on LD. The most common organism in both groups was Coagulase-negative staphylococci with all six cultures on HD classified as contaminants and 6/10 cultures requiring treatment on LD. Conclusion Although the relative risk of positive surveillance blood cultures in HD patients compared to LD was twofold higher, there were clinically significant infections identified in the LD group. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Identification of Hemolysin encoding Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

10.21203/rs.2.16458/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mona Nasaj ◽

Zahra Saeidi ◽

Babak Asghari ◽

Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽

Mohammad Arabestani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Significant Issue ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Encoding Genes

Abstract Objection : Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and also resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results : The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes were determined as 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus ; hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin and the hlb with clindamycin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

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Prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in goats on the island of Tenerife, Spain

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2019.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 317-326

Author(s):

Rossana Abreu ◽

Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez ◽

María Lecuona ◽

Beatriz Castro-Hernández ◽

Juan Carlos González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Measures ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Erythromycin A ◽

Genotypic Characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) in healthy goats on the Island of Tenerife, Spain, as well as to identify the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the strains found. A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted. A total of 158 goats from 15 different farms were sampled between September 2017 and January 2018. The percentage of positive samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 15.8% (25/158) and that of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) was 6.9% (11/158). All MRSA isolates from goats belonged to one clonal group showing Multi-Locus Sequence type 398. All strains studied (n = 36) were resistant to non-carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics and susceptible to teicoplanin, linezolid, vancomycin, rifampicin, quinupristin-dalfospristin and mupirocine. In MRSA isolates, the highest percentage of resistance obtained, besides beta-lactam non-carbapenem antibiotics, was to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and, in the case of MRCoNS isolates, to phosphomycin and erythromycin. A total of 12 resistance patterns were obtained, presenting differences between patterns obtained for MRSA and MRCoNS, with 7 different patterns for MRSA and 5 for MRCoNS. We therefore consider it essential to expand the epidemiological study of these strains of animal origin, as well as to increase surveillance and control measures at all stages of the food chain.

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Presence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Cyprus

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/166/2019-vetmed ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 191-198

Author(s):

H Sukur ◽

OM Esendal

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Resistance Patterns

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of commensal microorganisms residing on the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals. Until recently, they have been regarded as non-pathogenic to livestock and companion animals, but since then, their clinical importance in veterinary medicine has increased with the discovery of their potential pathogenic roles in animals causing skin and soft tissue infections together with spontaneous abortions and mastitis. Scientific data concerning the presence of CoNS in North Cyprus are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported herein was to investigate the presence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of CoNS species isolated from various animals presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in North Cyprus between July 2018 and 2019. Staphylococci were isolated from 37.0% (87/235) of the samples submitted, within which 60.9% (53/87) and 39.1% (34/87) were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. Among the CoNS, S. chromogenes was the most predominantly isolated species (14/34, 41.2%), followed by S. capitis (5/34, 14.7%) and S. simulans (4/34, 11.8%). Of these 34 CoNS, 24 (70.6%) and 10 (29.4%) were identified as MRCoNS and MSCoNS, respectively. The CoNS isolates showed relatively high levels of resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (19/34, 55.9%), tetracycline (14/34, 41.2%) and penicillin (13/34, 38.2%). In conclusion, the presence of CoNS, especially MRCoNS, and the detection of multiple drug resistant (MDR) species with a high prevalence were regarded as being important since they might limit and have negative effects on the therapeutic treatment options of staphylococcal infections in animals, and might have both public and veterinary concerns.

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