Effect of intestinal microbiome, antibiotics, and probiotics in the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-92
Author(s):  
Ivan Kushkevych ◽  
Josef Jampílek
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome

Modulation of instinal microbiom in the formation and progression of ulterative colitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
G. R. Bikbavova ◽  
M. A. Livzan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Post Industrial

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis has been observed throughout the world. The purpose of this review is to generalize the available information on the influence of environmental factors and intestinal microbiome on the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis, the role of bacteria metabolism products in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studied literature, we came to the conclusion that lifestyle in the era of post-industrial society has a significant impact on the microbial composition of the intestine and leads to changes in its diversity in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The changes include a decrease in the number of residential flora with anti-inflammatory activity, which synthesize short-chain fatty acids, and an increase in the number of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Within the phylums Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the proportional ratio changes. The combination of aggression factors (deterioration of the intestinal microbiome composition, the presence of aggressive intestinal metabolites) leads to intestinal mucosa permeability disfunction, impairing its barrier function. Food and bacterial agents can penetrate deeper layers of the intestinal wall through mucosal defects, which then stimulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses.

scholarly journals Treatment of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis with Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Inhibitor MI-2 Is Associated with Restoration of Gut Immune Function and the Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Won Lee ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Chang Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Intestinal Immune System

ABSTRACT Disruption of the healthy intestinal microbiome and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system, which are closely interactive, are two key factors for ulcerative colitis. Here, we show that MI-2, a selective inhibitor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation-1 (MALT1), alleviated excessive inflammatory responses and was associated with restoration of healthy intestinal microbiome in mice suffering from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We found that the diversity of intestinal microbiome of mice with DSS-induced colitis was significantly lower than that of healthy mice. However, MI-2 treatment in mice with DSS-induced colitis resulted in restored microbially diverse populations. To understand the possibility of the beneficial effect of the restored microbially diverse populations of MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis, we showed that inserting fecal microbiota from MI-2-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis and healthy control mice into mice with DSS-induced colitis could alleviate symptoms of colitis. The possibility of MI-2 treatment in DSS-induced colitis, associated with restoration of healthy microbially diverse populations in addition to reshaping host immune modulating capacity by reducing inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-17α, and IL-22), may be considered therapeutic for ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Ginger Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Severity by Improving the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Wenye Geng ◽  
Shan Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xuli Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
And Function

The effects of ginger on gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the therapeutic effects of ginger and the regulation of the gut microbiota. We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and found that ginger alleviated colitis-associated pathological changes and decreased the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of the feces samples showed that mice with colitis had an intestinal flora imbalance with lower species diversity and richness. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria, Proteobacteria and firmicutes, were observed; at the genus level, most samples in the model group showed an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The overall analysis illustrated an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_murinus, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615, and Ruminiclostridium_sp._KB18. These increased pathogenic bacteria in model mice were decreased when treated with ginger. DSS-treated mice showed a lower abundance of Muribaculaceae, and ginger corrected this disorder. The bacterial community structure of the ginger group analyzed with Alpha and Beta indices was similar to that of the control group. The results also illustrated that altered intestinal microbiomes affected physiological functions and adjusted key metabolic pathways in mice. In conclusion, this research presented that ginger reduced DSS-induced colitis severity and positively regulated the intestinal microbiome. Based on the series of data in this study, we hypothesize that ginger can improve diseases by restoring the diversity and functions of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Ulcerative colitis: nutritional habits as the disease risk factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galiya R. Bikbavova ◽  
Maria A. Livzan ◽  
Denis V. Turchaninov ◽  
Valery I. Sovalkin ◽  
Vadim A. Akhmedov
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Case

Background — Ulcerative colitis results from a complex interaction between genetic, internal (intestinal microflora) and external (environment) factors. Nutrition habits and the consumption of alcoholic beverages have a significant effect on the intraspecific qualitative and quantitative diversity of the intestinal microbiome. There is controversial information about the effect of various nutritional components on the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. Working with patients with ulcerative colitis, we noted specific features of the profiles of their diets before development of the first symptoms. Aim — To assess influence of nutrition and alcohol factors on risk of ulcerative colitis in the adult population of Western Siberia. Methods — A retrospective case control study was conducted by interviewing 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy individuals. The study of their diet and alcohol intake was carried out using the standardized World Health Organization countrywide integrated noncommunicable diseases intervention questionnaire, known as CINDI. Results — The diet of patients with ulcerative colitis from before the first signs of the disease was characterized by rare consumption of fresh and cooked vegetables and of fruits in small portions but high consumption of sugar with tea and/or coffee compared to the healthy respondents. Patients with ulcerative colitis did not tolerate milk and fermented milk products before the disease onset. The average age of alcohol consumption onset for the patients with ulcerative colitis was 19.0 years and the alcohol consumption frequency before the disease’s first symptoms was less than once a month. Patients with ulcerative colitis before the first symptoms’ onset drank significantly less wine during the year and during the day, as well as less wine per single intake compared with the healthy respondents. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for the quantity and frequency of drinking strong alcoholic beverages and beer. Conclusion — Dietary fibers’ deficiency and excess sugar intake is related to ulcerative colitis; although, wine (20 mL/d) may be protective.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome of Children and Adolescents With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Association With Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon V. Cortez ◽  
Luana N. Moreira ◽  
Marina Padilha ◽  
Mariana D. Bibas ◽  
Ricardo K. Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Few studies reported the relation of intestinal microbiome composition and diversity in pediatric patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this cross-sectional study, we selected patients younger than 19 years old from the pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital to describe the intestinal microbiome of pediatric patients with PSC associated or not to UC. Patients were divided in PSC, PSC+UC, and UC diagnosis. A stool sample was collected from each patient (n=30) and from a healthy relative/neighbor (n=23). The microbiome composition was assessed using MiSeq (Illumina) platform. Differences in microbial composition were found between PSC and PSC+UC groups. The relative abundance of Veillonella and Megasphaera genera were increased depending on patients’ age at diagnosis. Veillonella was also increased in patients who were in an active status of the disease. Both genera were positively correlated to total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. As a conclusion, the disease, the age and the disease activity status seem to influence the intestinal microbiome, highlighting the difference of intestinal microbiome profile for patients depending on age at diagnosis. We also showed an increase of Veillonella in patients with PSC and PSC+UC, and a positive correlation of dysbiosis and higher gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin in PSC+UC patients. Our findings are promising in the diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic perspectives for PSC patients.

PPARγ: The Central Mucus Barrier Coordinator in Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhe Xue ◽  
Yinyin Cheng ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Mucus Barrier

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, long-term inflammatory disorder of the colon, characterized by a continuous remitting and relapsing course. The intestinal mucus barrier is the first line at the interface between the host and microbiota and acts to protect intestinal epithelial cells from invasion. Data from patients and animal studies have shown that an impaired mucus barrier is closely related to the severity of UC. Depletion of the mucus barrier is not just the strongest but is also the only independent risk factor predicting relapse in patients with UC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription regulator, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression. It is also known to promote mucus secretion under pathological conditions to expel pathogenic bacteria or toxins. More important, PPARγ has been shown to affect host-microbiota interactions by modulating the energy metabolism of colonocytes and the oxygen availability of the intestinal microbiome. It is well known that gut microbiota homeostasis is essential for butyrate generation by the commensal bacteria to supply energy resources for colonocytes. Therefore, it can be speculated that PPARγ, as a central coordinator of the mucus barrier, may be a promising target for the development of effective agents to combat UC.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
A. Y. Tikunov ◽  
V. V. Morozov ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
A. V. Bardasheva ◽  
E. V. Shrayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs. <5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for <0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.

Practical Considerations and the Intestinal Microbiome in Disease: Antibiotics for IBD Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Fedorak ◽  
Kathleen P. Ismond
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, have been treated with a range of antibiotics for inducing and maintaining remission, as well as the prevention of post-operative symptoms. To date, many studies have been performed assessing the efficacy of antibiotics when used alone, in combination with other antibiotics, or as an adjunctive therapy to other pharmaceutical treatments. Literature evidence supporting the use of antibiotics in IBD can be ambiguous, especially when considering the potential role of dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract. The review considers the systemic effect of antibiotics and the evidence base for their efficacy in the treatment of IBD.

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