scholarly journals Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

2017 ◽  
pp. 1579-1599.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Wisplinghoff
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

scholarly journals Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Intensive Care Unit Patients of A Private Medical College Hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Farhana Raz ◽  
Mohammad Asrafuzzaman ◽  
Md Robed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Because of importance of Hospital acquired infections (HAIs), it is critical to conduct surveillance studies to obtain the required data about the regional microorganisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics. This study to investigate antimicrobial resistance pattern among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients in a private medical college hospital setup. In a cross sectional study, 100 specimens from patients admitted in the ICU who had signs or symptoms of nosocomial infection were collected from 2012 - 2013. For each patient, samples of blood, urine, tracheal aspirate, sputum, wound swab, pus, and endotracheal tubes were obtained, cultured and analyzed with antibiogram. The most common primary diagnosis were aspiration pneumonia (49%) and UTI (20%) respectively. The most common locations for infection were tracheal aspirate (54%). The most frequent gram negative microorganisms derived from samples were Acinetobacter spp (29%), Klebsiella spp (26%) and Pseudomonas spp (18%). Klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp were most common resistant organisms among all. Klebsiella spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (84.6%), Ceftazidime (82.6%), Amikacin (46.1%), Gentamicin (66.6%) and Quinolones (65-66.6%) respectively. Acinetobacter spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (85%), Ceftazidime (88.8%), Cefotaxime (85.7%), Meropenem (79.3%),Amikacin (86.2%), Gentamicin (84.5%) and Quinolons (86.2-89.2%) respectively. Pseudomonas spp were resistant against Ceftriaxone (70.5%), Ceftazidime (66.6%), Amikacin (68.7%), Gentamicin (58.8%), Meropenem (52.9%) and Quinolones (81.2-86.6%) respectively. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic against Klebsiella spp (84.6%) but Cotrimoxazole in case of Acinetobacter spp (60%) respectively. Escherichia coli were mostly isolated from urine, which was sensitive to Amikacin (73.3%) and Meropenem (86.6%) respectively. Gram-negative pathogens obtained from ICU patients in our settings show high resistance to antibiotics. Regular monitoring of the pattern of resistance of common pathogens in the ICUs is essential to up-to-date the use of rational antibiotics regiments.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2014; 25 (2) : 47-51

scholarly journals Resistance Levels and Epidemiology of Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections of Inpatients and Outpatients (RENFUTI): A 10-Year Epidemiological Snapshot

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Katalin Burián ◽  
Gabriella Terhes
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in the human medicine, both among outpatients and inpatients. There is an increasing appreciation for the pathogenic role of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNBs) in UTIs, particularly in the presence of underlying illnesses. Methods: The study was carried out using data regarding a 10-year period (2008–2017). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, E-tests, and broth microdilution. Results: NFGNB represented 3.46% ± 0.93% for the outpatients, while 6.43% ± 0.81% of all positive urine samples for the inpatients (p < 0.001). In both groups, Pseudomonas spp. (78.7% compared to 85.1%) and Acinetobacter spp. (19.6% compared to 10.9%), were the most prevalent. The Acinetobacter resistance levels were significantly higher in inpatients isolates (p values ranging between 0.046 and <0.001), while the differences in the resistance levels of Pseudomonas was not as pronounced. The β-lactam-resistance levels were between 15–25% and 12–28% for the Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp., respectively. 4.71% of Acinetobacter and 1.67% of Pseudomonas were extensively drug resistant (XDR); no colistin-resistant isolates were recovered. Conclusions: Increasing resistance levels of the Acinetobacter spp. from 2013 onward, but not in the case of the Pseudomonas spp. Although rare, the drug resistant NFGNB in UTIs present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians with few therapeutic options left.

scholarly journals Results of the national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative bacilli in health care-associated infections in Colombia, 2012-2014

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Ovalle ◽  
Sandra Yamile Saavedra ◽  
María Nilse González ◽  
Andrea Melissa Hidalgo ◽  
Carolina Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introducción. En el tercer trimestre de 2012, comenzó a operar el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, con el fin de recabar y analizar la información referente al problema en Colombia.Objetivo. Describir los perfiles de resistencia y los resultados de la vigilancia por el laboratorio con base en los datos recolectados en el Sistema.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con base en la información del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Sivigila, 1 de septiembre de 2012 a 31 de diciembre de 2014, así como de las bases de datos Whonet con los datos notificados por las unidades primarias generadoras de datos y los resultados de la confirmación por el laboratorio de la caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de la resistencia a carbapenemasas en 1.642 aislamientos (927 de enterobacterias, 614 de Pseudomonas spp. y 101 de Acinetobacter spp.).Resultados. La resistencia de Escherichia coli a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación presentó un incremento significativo, alcanzando 26,3 % en unidades de cuidados intensivos y 22,5 % en otras áreas de hospitalización. La resistencia a ertapenem de Klebsiella pneumoniae registró un incremento y alcanzó 14,6 % en unidades de cuidados intensivos. La resistencia de Acinetobacter baumannii a los carbapenémicos superó el 50 % en dichas unidades, en tanto que en Pseudomonas aeruginosa se presentaron porcentajes más bajos (38,8 %). Las carbapenemasas más frecuentes en enterobacterias fueron la KPC (n=574), seguida de la NDM (n=57); en P. aeruginosa, la VIM (n=229) y la KPC (n=114), y en A. baumannii, la OXA-23 (n=87). Se detectaron varias combinaciones de carbapenemasas, siendo la de KPC y VIM la más frecuente en Pseudomonas spp., y en enterobacterias.Conclusión. La información obtenida a partir del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia ha permitido conocer los perfiles y los mecanismos de resistencia a carbapenémicos de las cepas que están circulando en las instituciones de salud del país.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from automated teller machine in metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-036
Author(s):  
Simone Aquino ◽  
José Eduardo Alves de Lima ◽  
Moisés Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Gabriela Fabricio de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Automated Teller Machine ◽  
Response Profile ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial contamination on surfaces of randomly selected Automated Teller Machine and their sensitivity to antibiotics in São Paulo city, Brazil. The swabs collected aseptically were inoculated in selective and non-selective media in triplicate and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After Gram staining the isolated colonies, complementary biochemical tests were applied. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all isolates (15 Gram-positive bacteria and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) was determined using the Kirk Bauer method using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline diffusion discs. All ATM surfaces tested were contaminated with at least one genus of bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (64%), Enterococcus spp. (28%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%), Pseudomonas spp. in 12 (14%), Salmonella spp. (7%), Escherichia coli (7%). ATMs in the São Paulo metropolitan region were shown to be contaminated with bacteria that are resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. All Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated were multidrug-resistant, however, the strains were sensitive (S) or showed an intermediate response profile (I) to tetracycline, with the exception of three strains of Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, which were resistant to tetracycline. Norfloxacin and gentamicin showed resistance response profile to all bacteria. Based on these findings, it is recommended to perform hand washing and use of antiseptics after using ATMs.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

MONITORAMENTO DE ISOLADOS DE PSEUDOMONAS SPP. E ACINETOBACTER SPP. RESISTENTES ÀS POLIMIXINAS RECUPERADOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE LONDRINA EM UM PERÍODO DE CINCO ANOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Dos Santos Fávaro ◽  
Luana Szlachta Cavalcanti Dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Vilela Resende De Oliveira ◽  
Floristher Elaine Carrara-Marroni ◽  
Emerson José Venâncio
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introdução: Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. são importantes patógenos hospitalares responsáveis por infecções de difícil tratamento. O crescente número de isolados resistentes aos carbapenêmicos tem levado a retomada das polimixinas como último recurso terapêutico. O monitoramento das taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos norteia as terapias empíricas, aumentando a chance de sucesso terapêutico. Objetivo: Caracterizar isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. resistentes as polimixinas recuperados no Hospital Universitário (HU) de Londrina no período de janeiro/2016 a dezembro/2020. Métodos: Foram analisados dados referentes às culturas positivas para Pseudomonas spp. e Acinetobacter spp. resistentes as polimixinas quanto ao sexo do paciente, tipo de amostra biológica, setor de internação e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Apenas uma amostra por paciente foi incluída no estudo. Resultados: Um total de 15 isolados de Pseudomonas spp. e 95 de Acinetobacter spp. foram incluídos no estudo. A maioria dos isolados (66,7% e 57,9%) foram recuperadosde pacientes do sexo masculino internados nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo (33,3% e 68,4%) e Unidades de Tratamento de Queimados (33,3% e 8,4%). Urina (53,3% e 10,5%), material respiratório (26,7% e 74,7%) e tecido (13,3% e 7,4%) foram as amostras clínicas com maior frequência de isolamento destes microrganismos. Destes, 13,3% e 13,7% foram classificados como multirresistentes e 73,4% e 80,0% como extensivamente resistentes aos antimicrobianos. Taxas elevadas de resistência foram observadas aos carbapenêmicos (80,0%; 90,5% - imipenem, 73,3%; 92,6% - meropenem), aminoglicosídeos (60,0%; 86,3% - amicacina, 86,7%; 58,9% - gentamicina), fluoroquinolonas (73,3%; 91,6% - ciprofloxacin, 53,3%; 86,3% - levofloxacin), cefalosporinas (66,7%; 92,6% - cefepime, 66,7%; 90,5% - ceftazidima) e polimixinas (66,7%; 51,6% - polimixina B, 53,3%; 82,1% - colistina). Discussão: As altas taxas de resistência obtidas demonstram as limitações terapêuticas em infecções causadas por estes microrganismos no HU. Destacando, assim, a importância do monitoramento da resistência, medidas efetivas de controle de infecção, bem como programas stewardship para o uso racional dos antimicrobianos.

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