Timing of Vaccine Decision-Making Among First-Time Parents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nathan Yarnall ◽  
Carl Seashore ◽  
Carrie A. Phillipi ◽  
Joseph E. Hatch ◽  
Beth King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making ◽  
First Time

Deterministic policies based on maximum regrets in MDPs with imprecise rewards

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Pegah Alizadeh ◽  
Emiliano Traversi ◽  
Aomar Osmani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Sequential Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Exact Procedure ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Intuitive Idea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Maximum Regret

Markov Decision Process Models (MDPs) are a powerful tool for planning tasks and sequential decision-making issues. In this work we deal with MDPs with imprecise rewards, often used when dealing with situations where the data is uncertain. In this context, we provide algorithms for finding the policy that minimizes the maximum regret. To the best of our knowledge, all the regret-based methods proposed in the literature focus on providing an optimal stochastic policy. We introduce for the first time a method to calculate an optimal deterministic policy using optimization approaches. Deterministic policies are easily interpretable for users because for a given state they provide a unique choice. To better motivate the use of an exact procedure for finding a deterministic policy, we show some (theoretical and experimental) cases where the intuitive idea of using a deterministic policy obtained after “determinizing” the optimal stochastic policy leads to a policy far from the exact deterministic policy.

scholarly journals A consumer perspective of advertising by attorneys

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
First Time

Attorneys in South Africa may soon be permitted to advertise their services for the first time. This recommendation put forward by the Association of Law Societies, though still to be ratified by the four provincial law societies, has come amid increasing competition between attorneys and non- professionals. The marketing fraternity is, however, uncertain as to how members of the public are likely to react to legal services advertising. This study attempts to provide some tentative guidelines for decision-making on advertising by attorneys. Interested parties like attorneys, marketing consultants, and advertising agencies could use the researched information to structure marketing communication strategies which will not transgress the ethical code of the attorneys' profession, but which will satisfy the information needs of consumers. The study reports the findings of a survey conducted among 1 000 members of the public. Indications are that consumers not only think that advertising should be permitted, but also that it will benefit both themselves and the legal profession. Opsomming Prokureurs mag moontlik binnekort toegelaat word om hul dienste te adverteer. Die aanbeveling van die Vereniging van Prokureursordes, wat nog deur die vier provinsiale wetsgenootskappe bekragtig moet word, is geneem as gevolg van toenemende mededinging tussen prokureurs en nie-professionele praktisyns. Bemarkingsdeskundiges is egter onseker oor wat die publiek se reaksie sal wees. Die studie poog om enkele tentatiewe riglyne voor te stel vir bemarkingskommunikasiestrategieë wat nie die regsprofessie se etiese kode sal oortree nie, maar tog voldoende inligting aan verbruikers sal beskikbaar stel. Die bevindinge van 'n opname onder 1 000 lede van die publiek dui daarop dat reklame nie alleen verwelkom sal word nie, maar dat dit moontlik tot voordeel van sowel die publiek as die regsprofessie sal strek.

scholarly journals Adoption of management decisions based on programming methods as a subgroup of methods for optimizing performance indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
А. Тебекин ◽  
A. Tebekin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
First Time

The author's classification of management decision-making methods, including twenty-five classes of methods, is presented for the first time. As part of the general classification of management decision-making methods, the role and place of a group of methods for making managerial decisions based on the optimization of performance indicators was demonstrated. In the group of methods for making managerial decisions based on the optimization of performance indicators, a subgroup of programming methods (linear, nonlinear and dynamic) is considered in detail. The features of use and application are shown when making managerial decisions of a subgroup of programming methods.

Mechanisms for Indigenous Representation, Participation and Consultation in Constitutional Systems: International Examples to Inspire Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Indigenous Representation ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
First Time

Indigenous peoples in Chile have suffered dispossession and discrimination by colonizing forces, like many Indigenous peoples globally, and did not have a fair say in the development of successive constitutions establishing new political systems on their land. In the October 2020 referendum, Chileans voted to create a new constitution. This presents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to create a fairer power relationship with the Chilean state. For the first time, the constitutional convention includes a specific quota for 17 Indigenous representatives. This will enable Indigenous peoples to contribute to the constitutional design process. This report presents comparative examples of self-determinative institutional mechanisms that empower Indigenous peoples to be heard by and influence decision making in state institutions. The focus of the paper is on options for institutional structures that enable Indigenous representation, participation and consultation with respect to Indigenous peoples’ own affairs.

Primary Factors Influencing the Decision to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the United States: A Predictive Analytics Approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Varol ◽  
Serkan Catma ◽  
Diana Reindl ◽  
Elizabeth Serieux
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making

BACKGROUND Vaccine refusal still poses a risk to reaching herd immunity in the United States. The existing literature focuses on identifying the predictors that would impact the willingness to accept (WTA) vaccines using survey data. These variables range from the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants to the perceptions and attitudes towards the vaccines so each variable’s statistical relationship with the WTA a vaccine can be investigated. However, while the results of these studies may have important implications for understanding vaccine hesitancy by offering interpretation of the statistical relationships, the prediction of vaccine decision-making has rarely been investigated OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the factors that contribute to the prediction of COVID-19 vaccine acceptors and refusers using machine learning METHODS A nationwide survey was administered online in November, 2020 to assess American public perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Seven machine learning techniques were utilized to identify the model with the highest predictive power. Moreover, a set of variables that would contribute the most to the predictions of vaccine acceptors and refusers was identified using Gini importance based on Random Forest structure RESULTS The resulting machine learning algorithm has better prediction ability for willingness to accept (82%) versus reject (51%) a COVID-19 vaccine. In terms of predictive success, the Random Forest model outperformed the other machine learning techniques with a 69.52% accuracy rate. Worrying about (re) contracting Covid 19 and opinions regarding mandatory face covering were identified as the most important predictors of vaccine decision-making CONCLUSIONS The complexity of vaccine hesitancy needs to be investigated thoroughly before the threshold needed to reach population immunity can be achieved. Predictive analytics can help the public health officials design and deliver individually tailored vaccination programs that would increase the overall vaccine uptake.

Cybersecurity Research: A Review of Current Research Topics

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
R Project ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
First Time

This paper presents a systematic review of empirical research on cybersecurity issues. 14 empirical articles about cybersecurity, published in the two top IS journals, MISQ (12) and ISR (2), between 2008 and 2017, were selected and analyzed, classified into three categories: individual level (non-work setting), employee level (work setting), and organization level (policy/regulation environment). This paper provides a holistic picture of cybersecurity issues, for instance, fundamental theories, impressive research methods, and influencing factors. More importantly, for the first time an integrative framework was developed by R Project, which potentially text-mines end-users’ behaviors and decision-making processes toward cybersecurity under the circumstance of security breach. Some explanations of extant empirical study and potential research are addressed and discussed as well.

scholarly journals Neutrosophic Modeling of Talcott Parsons’s Action and Decision-Making Applications for It

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Cahit Aslan ◽  
Abdullah Kargın ◽  
Memet Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Measure Of Similarity ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

The grand theory of action of Parsons has an important place in social theories. Furthermore, there are many uncertainties in the theory of Parsons. Classical math logic is often insufficient to explain these uncertainties. In this study, we explain the grand theory of action of Parsons in neutrosociology for the first time. Thus, we achieve a more effective way of dealing with the uncertainties in the theory of Parsons as in all social theories. We obtain a similarity measure for single-valued neutrosophic numbers. In addition, we show that this measure of similarity satisfies the similarity measure conditions. By making use of this similarity measure, we obtain applications that allow finding the ideal society in the theory of Parsons within the theory of neutrosociology. In addition, we compare the results we obtained with the data in this study with the results of the similarity measures previously defined. Thus, we have checked the appropriateness of the decision-making application that we obtained.

“Flu-Floppers”: Factors Influencing Families’ Fickle Flu Vaccination Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Fogel ◽  
Steven D. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making

While influenza vaccination in the prior year is a strong predictor of subsequent vaccination, many families do not have static vaccination patterns. This study examined factors guiding influenza vaccination decisions among parents whose children sporadically received the influenza vaccination (flu-floppers). We administered surveys to 141 flu-flopper families. Surveys included 21 factors associated with vaccine decision making. A conceptual framework of “passive” and “active” decision making was used to assess parental motivators behind vaccine decisions. The most common reason for vaccinating was a desire to prevent influenza (45%). The most common reason for not vaccinating was a belief that influenza vaccination is not effective (29%). Most parents (88%) reported an active reason in years when their child was vaccinated, while only 43% reported an active reason when their child was not vaccinated ( P < .00001). These findings may guide efforts to increase influenza vaccination rates in children most amenable to vaccination.

scholarly journals “THOSE WHO LOVE, VACCINATE”: PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF HPV VACCINATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Dias De Oliveira Chiang ◽  
Misha L. Baker ◽  
Daniella Figueroa-Downing ◽  
Maria Luiza Baggio ◽  
Luisa Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Parental Decisions ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making

Introduction: In March 2014, Brazil began its national HPV immunization campaign targeting girls ages 9-13. Objective: Describe determinants of parental decisions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV.Method: In this qualitative study, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted at five health posts in São Paulo, Brazil. Interview questions explored parental opinions of disease prevention methods, vaccines in general, and the HPV vaccine. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Results: Overall, parental knowledge about HPV and the vaccine was low, yet most eligible daughters had been vaccinated. Parents perceived the HPV vaccine to be normal, preventative, and protective. Parents viewed themselves as accountable for their children’s health, and saw the vaccine as a parenting tool for indirect control. Trust in healthcare professionals and an awareness of the dangers of “nowadays” (uncertainties regarding disease and sexual behavior) were also important in vaccine decision-making. These factors held more explanatory power for decisions to vaccinate than parental knowledge levels. This was the first study to qualitatively examine the perception of publically provided HPV vaccination among parents with eligible daughters in Brazil. The findings help interpret the greater than 90% coverage for the first HPV vaccine dose in Brazil. The results indicate that attempts to understand, maintain, or modify vaccination rates require the consideration of context specific factors, which influence both parent perspectives and vaccination decisions. Conclusion: HPV knowledge levels are not predictive of parental decisions to vaccinate daughters. Context specific factors from the sociocultural dimensions of parenting, sexuality, gender, and the healthcare system are more influential in vaccine decision-making.

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