Prognostic model for bacterial drug resistance genes horizontal spread in space-crews

Background and Aim: Wild birds raised in urban environments may be exposed to many negative factors, including biological and chemical toxic elements. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of bacteria and parasites in wild birds, based on the example of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as a potential indicator of bacterial drug resistance genes. Toxicological contamination was also analyzed to determine the impact of urbanized areas on this predatory species, in terms of its health, welfare, and survival in urban environments. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of down feathers and fresh feces obtained from seven falcon chicks (during obligatory veterinary examination) reared in two nests located in the Lublin region (Lublin and Pulawy). Bacteria and parasites were isolated directly from feces by classical microbiological methods, polymerase chain reaction, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS). The down feathers and feces of birds were used for toxicological testing by plasma inductively coupled plasma MS to assess the concentrations of selected heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], arsenic [As], zinc [Zn], and copper [Cu]). Results: The study revealed the presence of a diverse microbiome in the falcon chicks, among which Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. bacteria and parasites of the genus Caryospora were dominant. The presence of drug resistance genes was also confirmed among the pathogens. The toxicological analysis found high concentrations of toxic heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, As, and Zn, in the downy feathers and feces of peregrine chicks. Conclusion: Predatory free-living birds living in urban environments not only can be infected with various pathogens but may also show contamination with heavy metals, which could influence their natural resistance, condition, and welfare.

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The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/gm.2017.3.8494 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 20-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Е.Н. Ильина ◽

Е.И. Олехнович ◽

А.В. Павленко

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Potential Source ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Bacterial Genes

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

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Microevolution within ST11 group Clostridioides difficile isolates through mobile genetic elements based on complete genome sequencing

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6184-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Wu ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Wen-Ge Li ◽

Wen Zhu Zhang ◽

Zheng Jie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Hospitalized Elderly ◽

Great Heterogeneity ◽

High Level

Abstract Background Clade 5 Clostridioides difficile diverges significantly from the other clades and is therefore, attracting increasing attention due its great heterogeneity. In this study, we used third-generation sequencing techniques to sequence the complete whole genomes of three ST11 C. difficile isolates, RT078 and another two new ribotypes (RTs), obtained from three independent hospitalized elderly patients undergoing antibiotics treatment. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), antibiotic-resistance, drug resistance genes, and virulent-related genes were analyzed and compared within these three isolates. Results Isolates 10,010 and 12,038 carried a distinct deletion in tcdA compared with isolate 21,062. Furthermore, all three isolates had identical deletions and point-mutations in tcdC, which was once thought to be a unique characteristic of RT078. Isolate 21,062 (RT078) had a unique plasmid, different numbers of transposons and genetic organization, and harboring special CRISPR spacers. All three isolates retained high-level sensitivity to 11 drugs and isolate 21,062 (RT078) carried distinct drug-resistance genes and loss of numerous flagellum-related genes. Conclusions We concluded that capillary electrophoresis based PCR-ribotyping is important for confirming RT078. Furthermore, RT078 isolates displayed specific MGEs, indicating an independent evolutionary process. In the further study, we could testify these findings with more RT078 isolates of divergent origins.

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P133 Localization of resistance genes on the multiple-drug resistance plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from beef cattle

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70377-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. S84

Author(s):

S. Yamamoto ◽

M. Nakano ◽

M. Tanaka ◽

W. Kitagawa ◽

T. Sone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Resistance Plasmids

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Chemical composition and modulation of bacterial drug resistance of the essential oil from leaves of Croton grewioides

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 468-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vivianne Marcelino de Medeiros ◽

Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento ◽

Augusto Lopes Souto ◽

Sara Alves Lucena Madeiro ◽

Vicente Carlos de Oliveira Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

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Inducible Macrolide Resistance inCorynebacterium jeikeium

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.7.1982-1989.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1982-1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Adriana E. Rosato ◽

Bonnie S. Lee ◽

Kevin A. Nash

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Macrolide Resistance ◽

The Other ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

Neutropenic Patients ◽

Group 3

ABSTRACT Corynebacterium jeikeium is an opportunistic pathogen primarily of immunocompromised (neutropenic) patients. Broad-spectrum resistance to antimicrobial agents is a common feature of C. jeikeium clinical isolates. We studied the profiles of susceptibility of 20 clinical strains of C. jeikeium to a range of antimicrobial agents. The strains were separated into two groups depending on the susceptibility to erythromycin (ERY), with one group (17 strains) representing resistant organisms (MIC > 128 μg/ml) and the second group (3 strains) representing susceptible organisms (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/ml). The ERY resistance crossed to other members of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSb) group. Furthermore, this resistance was inducible with MLSb agents but not non-MLSb agents. Expression of ERY resistance was linked to the presence of an allele of the class X erm genes,erm(X)cj, with >93% identity to other ermgenes of this class. Our evidence indicates that erm(X)cj is integrated within the chromosome, which contrasts with previous reports for the plasmid-associated erm(X) genes found inC. diphtheriae and C. xerosis. In 40% ofC. jeikeium strains, erm(X)cj is present within the transposon, Tn5432. However, in the remaining strains, the components of Tn5432 (i.e., the erm and transposase genes) have separated within the chromosome. The rearrangement of Tn5432 leads to the possibility that the other drug resistance genes have become included in a new composite transposon bound by the IS1249 elements.

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Extreme genome selection towards complete antimicrobial resistance in a nosocomial strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex

10.1101/735555 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjeet Kumar ◽

Kanika Bansal ◽

Prashant P. Patil ◽

Amandeep Kaur ◽

Satinder Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Chromosomal Origin ◽

Extreme Drug Resistance

ABSTRACTWe report first complete genome sequence and analysis of an extreme drug resistance (XDR) nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia that is resistant to the mainstream drugs i.e. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SXT) and levofloxacin. Taxonogenomic analysis revealed it to be a novel genomospecies of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc). Comprehensive genomic investigation revealed fourteen dynamic regions (DRs) exclusive to SM866, consisting of diverse antibiotic resistance genes, efflux pumps, heavy metal resistance, various transcriptional regulators etc. Further, resistome analysis of Smc clearly depicted SM866 to be an enriched strain, having diversified resistome consisting of sul1 and sul2 genes. Interestingly, SM866 does not have any plasmid but it harbors two diverse super-integrons of chromosomal origin. Apart from genes for sulfonamide resistance (sul1 and sul2), both of these integrons harbor an array of antibiotic resistance genes linked to ISCR (IS91-like elements common regions) elements. These integrons also harbor genes encoding resistance to commonly used disinfectants like quaternary ammonium compounds and heavy metals like mercury. Hence, isolation of a novel strain belonging to a novel sequence type (ST) and genomospecies with diverse array of resistance from a tertiary care unit of India indicates extent and nature of selection pressure driving XDRs in hospital settings. There is an urgent need to employ complete genome based investigation using emerging technologies for tracking emergence of XDR at the global level and designing strategies of sanitization and antibiotic regime.Impact StatementThe hospital settings in India have one of the highest usage of antimicrobials and heavy patient load. Our finding of a novel clinical isolate of S. maltophilia complex with two super-integrons harbouring array of antibiotic resistance genes along with antimicrobials resistance genes indicates the extent and the nature of selection pressures in action. Further, the presence of ISCR type of transposable elements on both integrons not only indicates its propensity to transfer resistome but also their chromosomal origin suggests possibilities for further genomic/phenotypic complexities. Such complex cassettes and strain are potential threat to global health care. Hence, there is an urgent need to employ cost-effective long read technologies to keep vigilance on novel and extreme antimicrobial resistance pathogens in populous countries. There is also need for surveillance for usage of antimicrobials for hygiene and linked/rapid co-evolution of extreme drug resistance in nosocomial pathogens. Our finding of the chromosomal encoding XDR will shed a light on the need of hour to understand the evolution of an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen belonging to S. maltophilia.RepositoriesComplete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SM866: CP031058

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Research on intervention methods of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery

Reports in Clinical Studies and Medicine ◽

10.18282/rcsm.v2.i1.782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Sung-Won Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Effective Means ◽

Severe Trauma ◽

High Infection Rate ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽

High Infection

<p>The proportion of critically ill patients from neurosurgery wards in hospitals is significantly higher than that from other departments. These patients suffer from low immune. At the same time, because of the severe trauma after surgery and the complexity of pathogens in patients, antibiotics are frequently used. However, the of bacterial drug resistance is relatively high because of the particularity of hospitals, which is a major reason for the high infection rate of neurosurgery patients. Therefore, regarding to these risk factors, intervention measures should be actively explored in hospitals, so as to control the infection rate, reduce the possibility of infection in neurosurgery patients, improve the rehabilitation efficiency of patients, and reduce unnecessary suffering of patients caused by infection. This is also an effective means to improve the quality of hospital medical care. </p>

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Antibiotic resistance in lactococci and enterococci: phenotypic and molecular-genetic aspects

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Danuta Plotnikava ◽

Anastasiya Sidarenka ◽

Galina Novik

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

Abstract Extensive use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary practice and animal husbandry has promoted the development and dissemination of bacterial drug resistance. The number of resistant pathogens causing common infectious diseases increases rapidly and creates worldwide public health problem. Commensal bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria of genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals may act as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes similar to those found in pathogens. Lactococci and enterococci are widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics, therefore monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in industrial strains of these microorganisms is necessary to approve their Qualified Presumption of Safety status. Understanding the nature and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci and lactococci is essential, as intrinsic resistant bacteria pose no threat to environment and human health in contrast to bacteria with resistance acquired through horizontal transfer of resistance genes. The review summarizes current knowledge concerning intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in Lactococcus and Enterococcus genera, and discusses role of enterococci and lactococci in distribution of this feature.

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