Side effects of messenger RNA vaccines and prior history of COVID-19, a cross-sectional study

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is a rapidly growing grappling sport with a wide spectrum of participants. This cross-sectional study examined the lifetime prevalence of concussion in adult BJJ practitioners in the United States using a 17-item survey. A total of 778 (11.4% female) BJJ practitioners with a median age of 31 years completed the survey. Overall, the lifetime prevalence of the self-reported BJJ-related concussion was 25.2%. However, the prevalence was higher among females than males (43.0% versus 22.9%; X2(1,740) = 15.129; p < 0.001). Factors independently associated with significantly increased odds of having sustained a BJJ-related concussion included a prior history of concussion (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.74; p = 0.011) and female gender (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.04–3.65; p = 0.037). The median return to sports time was three days, with 30.3% of participants returning on the same day as being concussed. The present study represents the first epidemiological research examining the concussions in BJJ. The results underscore the need for increased education on concussions and return to sports guidelines among BJJ coaches and practitioners.

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Prevalence and Duration of Post-Concussive Headaches in a Pediatric Sports Clinic: A Cross-sectional Study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000801792.09184.e1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S7.1-S7

Author(s):

Dipali P. Nemade ◽

Norman Cottrill ◽

Mary Payne

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

ObjectiveWe aim to identify the potential risk factors associated with increased susceptibility for persistent post-concussive headaches.BackgroundConcussions are common, but complex, traumatic brain injuries seen in pediatric athletes of all ages & skill levels & occur in a wide variety of athletic settings. These mild traumatic brain injuries often have neurologic sequelae, including headaches. Although athletes are advised to rest, duration of post-concussive symptoms is often unpredictable.Design/MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study on patients with head injury aged 5–18 years presented to pediatric concussion clinic (N = 603) from September 2013 to Dec 2018. We excluded patients with skull fractures and intracranial hemorrhage. The data was compiled & analyzed using frequency, Pearson correlation test, chi square & ANOVA test using IBM SPSS- 26.ResultsPatient cohort consisted of 364 males & 239 females. The age range for males was 5–18 years (Mean age ± SD: 13.45 ± 2.86) & for females was 6–18 years (Mean age ± SD: 13.97 ± 2.84). There was statically significant association between various age groups & presence of headache at 3 & 6 months (p < 0.05). Out of all ages, age group 5–8 years had highest risk of persistent headache while the age group 14–18 years reported headaches at 3 months but then resolution of symptoms by one year (p < 0.05). Females were more likely than males (of all ages) to have persistent headaches despite treatment (p = 0.00). There was also a statistically significant difference between loss of consciousness, prior history of headaches & prior history of concussions towards the development of persistent headaches (p < 0.05). Furthermore, football, soccer and basketball had significantly more headaches compared to other sports related injuries (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a statistically higher risk of developing persistent headaches for females and those with a history of prior headache, prior concussion, younger age, and those playing football, soccer or basketball.

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Absolute cardiovascular disease risk score and pharmacotherapy at the time of admission in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome due to coronary artery disease in a single Australian tertiary centre: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e038868

Author(s):

Amy Bailey ◽

Rosemary Korda ◽

Jason Agostino ◽

Tony Stanton ◽

Gabriela Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Tertiary Centre ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease

ObjectivesTo describe (1) absolute cardiovascular disease risk (ACVDR) scores in patients presenting to hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and (2) proportions of these patients on guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy according to their ACVDR score.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSingle-site tertiary centre hospital, Queensland, Australia over a 12-month period.ParticipantsPatients >18 years of age presenting to hospital with ACS due to coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by angiography.Primary and secondary outcome measuresProportion of patients without prior history of CVD with a high ACVDR score, and of patients with a prior history of CVD, who are on guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy.Results527 ACS patients were included of whom the mean age was 63 years and 75% were male. Overall, 66% (350) had no prior CVD and 34% (177) patients had prior CVD.In patients with no prior CVD, the proportions of patients with low, intermediate and high CVD risk scores were 41%, 24% and 36%. In the no prior CVD, high-risk patient group, 48% were on no preventative pharmacotherapy, 32% on single pharmacotherapy and 20% patients on complete guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. In the prior CVD group, 7% patients were on no pharmacotherapy, 40% on incomplete pharmacotherapy and 53% were on complete guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy.ConclusionThis study adds to the evidence on implementation gaps in guideline-recommended management of ACVDR, showing that a large proportion of patients presenting with ACS due to CAD were at high risk of developing CVD prior to the event and most were not on guideline-recommended treatment. A significant proportion of these events are likely to have been preventable, and therefore, increased assessment and appropriate treatment of ACVDR in primary care is needed to reduce the incidence of CVD events in the population.

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The Relationship between Opium Use and Coronavirus Infection, A Brief Research Report from Iran

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999200607202523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Hadi Khoshab ◽

Mohammadreza Rajabalipour

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Research Report ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Preventive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Relationship ◽

Opium Use

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus is a global health threat and it has a lot of respiratory side effects. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between opium use history and risk of Coronavirus infection was investigated. Results: Results showed that none of the infected patients with Coronavirus had a history of opium use. Conclusion: It can be concluded that opium use may has a preventive effect on infecting with Coronavirus.

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Non-compliance to social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative cross-sectional study between the developed and developing countries

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.2614 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faiqa Binte Aamir ◽

Syeda Maria Ahmad Zaidi ◽

Saadia Abbas ◽

Syed Roohan Aamir ◽

Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Prior History ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

History Of

Background: Despite mass vaccination campaigns, the world has seen a steady rise in the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases, with 178,765,626 cases and 3,869,994 COVID-19 related deaths by June 19th, 2021. Therefore, it is important to enforce social distancing to control its spread. With the variation observed in the severity of the pandemic in different countries, it is also imperative to study the social distancing behaviors amongst the population in developed and developing countries.Design and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 384 participants from 14 different countries were surveyed via an online REDCap form.Results: In this study, it was highlighted that despite adequate knowledge, the overall compliance to COVID-19 related preventive measures remains poor, the lowest being in the senior age group (≥ 65 years), and the highest being in adults aged between 25-64 years (p-value =0.003). Population from the developing countries were more compliant to all preventative measures against COVID-19 spread, except for handwashing, where the difference between the two populations remained insignificant (p-value = 0.038, <0.001, 0.016). Socioeconomic status, prior history of COVID-19 infection, or presence of comorbidities did not significantly affect compliance rates, however, participants with no prior history of this infection were found to be more compliant to donning a mask in public as compared to those with a positive history (p-value = 0.044). Conclusions: Since compliance remains subpar in both the developing and the developed countries, mass campaigns about COVID-19 related preventive measures remain essential in controlling the disease spread.

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Non-Compliance To Social Distancing During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Between the Developed and Developing Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-717867/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faiqa Binte Aamir ◽

Syeda Maria Ahmad Zaidi ◽

Saadia Abbas ◽

Syed Roohan Aamir ◽

Syed Nauman Ahmad Zaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: As of June 19th, 2021, there have been 178,765,626 reported COVID-19 cases and confirmed 3,869,994 COVID-19 related deaths. Despite the mass vaccination campaigns, number of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases continue to rise. Therefore, it’s important to control its spread for which the most potent method remains social distancing. Due to the diversity in the severity of the effect of the pandemic on different countries, it’s imperative to study the social distancing behavior among population in the developed and developing countries where the factors such as socioeconomic status, education, overpopulation, religious beliefs, and misconceptions play a role in altering the population’s behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 384 participants from 14 different countries were surveyed via an online REDCap form. Results: In this study it was highlighted that although the knowledge regards to COVID-19 pandemic and its related prevention remains high, the overall compliances in both the developed and developing countries remain poor, the lowest being in the senior age group (≥ 65 years). It was found that out of all the age groups, adults aged between 25–64 years were the most compliant to social distancing. (p value = 0.003) Population from the developing countries were more compliant to all preventative measures against COVID-19 spread except for in handwashing compliance where the difference between the two populations remains insignificant. (p value = 0.038, < 0.001, 0.016) Socioeconomic status, prior history of COVID-19 infection or presence of comorbidities did not significantly affect compliance rates however, participants with no prior history of this infection were found to be more compliant to donning a mask in public as compared to those with a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (p value = 0.044) Additionally, participants with no family history for comorbidities in developing countries had a higher hand washing and mask compliance as compared to those who had a positive family history. (p value = 0.035) Conclusion: Mass campaigns about awareness related to the preventative measures against COVID-19 remain essential in controlling the disease spread as despite having an overall high COVID-19 related literacy, compliance remains subpar in both developing and developed countries.

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Central Line-Associated Venous Late Effects in Children without Any Prior History of Thrombosis - A Cross-Sectional Study of Children Previously Treated for Malignant or Hematological Diseases.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.4118.4118 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 4118-4118

Author(s):

Ellen Ruud ◽

Henrik Holmstrøm ◽

Einar Hopp ◽

Finn Wesenberg

Keyword(s):

Late Effects ◽

Central Line ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Central Lines ◽

History Of ◽

Previously Treated

Abstract Background: The frequency of asymptomatic central line-associated thromboses is high and well recognised among children with cancer, while the long-term consequences are mainly unknown. In a cross-sectional study, we have evaluated clinical and radiological venous outcome in children with previous long-standing intravascular catheters. Methods: The study enrolled 71 children previously treated for malignant or haematological diseases, 4–180 (median 37) months after removal of their central lines. The central lines had been placed in a jugular vein for a minimum of six months, and none had a previously identified event of thrombosis. The children were clinically examined for post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and had Doppler ultrasonography of their central neck veins. In a subgroup of twelve children, venous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the same area of interest was performed. Results: We observed mild PTS with increased superficial collaterals in four children (6 %), but no cases of more severe PTS. None complained of symptoms related to venous late effects. By ultrasonography, post-thrombotic venous alterations were detected in 17 children (24 %), and five of these had complete occlusion of veins. The sensitivity for pathologically increased collaterals to identify occlusive thrombosis was 0.6, while the specificity was 0.98. Occlusive thrombosis was associated with previous central line-associated infections (p = 0.001) and duration of central lines in place (p = 0.042). MRI did not give any extra information, and only occlusive thromboses were confirmed at MRI. Conclusions: In spite of no prior history of thrombosis, children with previous long-term jugular lines had often local thrombotic sequelae, while clinical symptoms of PTS were rare.

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Healthcare Workers’ Perspectives on the Upcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in Terms of Their Exposure to the Influenza Vaccine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9050465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Leena R. Baghdadi ◽

Shatha G. Alghaihb ◽

Alanoud A. Abuhaimed ◽

Dania M. Alkelabi ◽

Rawan S. Alqahtani

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Work Experience ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽

History Of

In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)) caused a global pandemic. There was an urgent need to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 to reduce its spread and economic burden. The main objective of this study was to understand the attitudes and concerns of healthcare workers (HCWs) towards the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine, whether their decision was influenced by their history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine, and factors that influence the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We selected and surveyed 356 HCWs via an electronic self-administered questionnaire. A total of 61.16% of HCWs were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and 55.9% of them had received the seasonal influenza vaccine in the preceding year (2019–2020). The strongest predictors for taking the COVID-19 vaccine were the HCWs’ belief that the COVID-19 vaccine would be safe, needed even for healthy people, that all HCWs should be vaccinated against COVID-19, and that HCWs will have time to take the vaccine. Being female, being middle aged, having <5 years of work experience, having no fear of injections, and being a non-smoker were predictive factors for taking the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. No associations were found between the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and a history of taking the seasonal influenza vaccine.

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Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11271-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sivaporn Gatechompol ◽

Weerakit Harnpariphan ◽

Ruamthip Supanan ◽

Gompol Suwanpimolkul ◽

Jiratchaya Sophonphan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ltbi Prevalence ◽

History Of ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Latent Tb ◽

Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background Prisons are considered as major reservoirs for tuberculosis. Preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) is an adjunctive strategy to control TB. However, LTBI data in Thai prisoners is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Participants were screened for active TB by questionnaire and chest X-ray. LTBI was evaluated by Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTP) among subgroup. Participants with positive TST or QFTP were considered to have LTBI. Participants with LTBI were offered IPT. Results From August 2018–November 2019, 1002 participants were analyzed. All participants were male with a median age of 38 (IQR 32–50) years. LTBI identified by either TST/QFTP was present in 466 (46.5%) participants. TST was positive in 359 (36%) participants. In the subgroup of 294 participants who had both TST and QFTP results, 181/294 (61.6%) tested positive by QFTP. Agreement between TST and QFTP was 55.1% (Kappa = 0.17). The risk factors associated with LTBI were previous incarceration (aOR 1.53, 95%CI, 1.16–2.01, p = 0.002), history of prior active TB (aOR 3.02, 95%CI, 1.74–5.24, p < 0.001) and duration of incarceration ≥10 years (aOR 1.86, 95%CI, 1.24–2.79, p = 0.003). Majority of LTBI participants (82%) agreed to take IPT. Three hundred and 56 (93%) participants completed treatment whereas 27 (7%) participants discontinued IPT due to the side effects of INH. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of IPT among Thai prisoners. LTBI prevalence in male prisoners in Thailand is high. LTBI screening and treatment should be implemented together with other preventive components.

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Assessment of Saudi Parents’ Beliefs and Behaviors towards Management of Child Fever in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5217

Author(s):

Mohamed N. Al Arifi ◽

Abdulrahman Alwhaibi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Side Effects ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Electronic Thermometer ◽

And Behavior

Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was applied over a period of 3 months, from January to March 2018, to parents who were living in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were a parent who is a resident of Saudi Arabia, with at least one child aged 6 years or less, while incomplete questionnaires, having a child aged more than 6 years, or parents who were not living in Saudi Arabia were excluded. Results: A total of 656 parents completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds of the subjects were female, the majority of whom were aged between 25–33 years old. The best-reported place to measure the temperature of children was the armpit (46%), followed by the ear (28%) and the mouth (10.7%). More than half of the parents considered their children feverish at a temperature of 38 °C. The majority of parents (79.7%) reported that the most serious side effects of fever were seizure, brain damage (39.3%), coma (29.9%), dehydration (29.7%), and death (25%). The most common method used to measure a child’s temperature was an electronic thermometer (62.3%). The most common antipyretic was paracetamol (84.5%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the good knowledge of parents in identifying a feverish temperature using the recommended route and tools for measuring body temperature.

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