Individuality, as well as genetic background, affects syntactical features of courtship songs in male mice

SummaryMale mice heterozygous for two distorter genes, Tcd-1 and Tcd-2, of the mouse t-complex but homozygous wild type for the responder, were generated by crossing animals carrying the partial t-haplotypes th51 and th18 to inbred strains. The fertility of these males was then compared with that of their brothers carrying normal chromosome 17s. On three of the inbred backgrounds used, C3H/HeH, C57BL/6J and TFH/H, the th51th18 + / + + + males were significantly less fertile than their normal sibs. With the fourth inbred strain used, SM/JH, both types of male were nonnally fertile. This confirmed earlier preliminary findings that when both homologues of chromosome 17 carry wild-type alleles of the responder, heterozygosity for the distorter genes is sufficient to impair fertility, but the effect varies with genetic background. These results are consistent with the concept that both the transmission ratio distortion and the male sterility caused by the t-complex are due to harmful effects of the distorter genes on wild-type alleles of the responder.

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Cyclin A1 protein shows haplo-insufficiency for normal fertility in male mice

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.1.00131 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 127 (4) ◽

pp. 503-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Tiffany van der Meer ◽

W-Y Iris Chan ◽

Luis S Palazon ◽

Conrad Nieduszynski ◽

Martin Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Adult Brain ◽

Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽

Male Mice ◽

Sperm Production ◽

Cyclin A1 ◽

Targeted Disruption ◽

Severe Reduction ◽

Higher Eukaryotes

In higher eukaryotes, the cyclins constitute a family of proteins involved in progression through the cell cycle. The cyclin A1 gene (Ccna1) is expressed during meiosis and is required for spermatogenesis. Targeted disruption of the Ccna1 gene with a LacZ reporter gene has allowed us to study the expression pattern of this gene in more detail. We have confirmed expression in mouse pre-meiotic spermatocytes and also detected expression in the accessory olfactory bulb, hippocampus and amygdala of the adult brain. We have also found that the amount of cyclin A1 protein influences the fertility of male mice and its action is modulated by genetic background. On an outbred genetic background (129S6/SvEv × MF1), Ccna1 tm1Col −/− animals are sterile due to spermatogenic arrest prior to the first meiotic division while Ccna1 tm1Col +/− mice show reduced sperm production and fertility. This is even more pronounced on an inbred genetic background (129S6/SvEv) where Ccna1 tm1Col +/− male mice are sterile due to a severe reduction in the total number of sperm.

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Innate Resistance to Babesia Infection Is Influenced by Genetic Background and Gender

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.12.7955-7958.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 7955-7958 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Irma Aguilar-Delfin ◽

Mary J. Homer ◽

Peter J. Wettstein ◽

David H. Persing

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Acquired Immunity ◽

Male Mice ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Innate Resistance ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

C3h Mice ◽

And Gender

ABSTRACT Infection of severe combined immunodeficient mice withBabesia sp. strain WA1 was studied to assess the contributions of innate and adaptive immunity in resistance to acute babesiosis. The scid mutation showed little effect in genetically susceptible C3H mice and did not decrease the inherent resistance of C57BL/6 mice to the infection, suggesting that innate immunity plays a central role in determining the course ofBabesia infection in these strains. In contrast, thescid mutation dramatically impaired resistance in moderately susceptible BALB/c mice, suggesting that acquired immunity may play an important secondary role. In comparison to their female counterparts, male mice of different genetic backgrounds showed increased resistance to the infection, indicating that the gender of the host may influence protection against babesiosis.

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Context Fear Conditioning in Down Syndrome Mouse Models: Effects of Trisomic Gene Content, Age, Sex and Genetic Background

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12101528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1528

Author(s):

Md. Mahiuddin Ahmed ◽

Aaron Block ◽

Nicolas Busquet ◽

Katheleen J. Gardiner

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Fear Conditioning ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Chromosome 21 ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Male Mice ◽

Human Chromosome 21 ◽

The Common ◽

Context Fear Conditioning

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Currently, there are no effective pharmacotherapies. The success of clinical trials to improve cognition depends in part on the design of preclinical evaluations in mouse models. To broaden understanding of the common limitations of experiments in learning and memory, we report performance in context fear conditioning (CFC) in three mouse models of DS, the Dp(16)1Yey, Dp(17)1Yey and Dp(10)1Yey (abbreviated Dp16, Dp17 and Dp10), separately trisomic for the human Hsa21 orthologs mapping to mouse chromosomes 16, 17 and 10, respectively. We examined female and male mice of the three lines on the standard C57BL/6J background at 3 months of age and Dp17 and Dp10 at 18 months of age. We also examined female and male mice of Dp17 and Dp10 at 3 months of age as F1 hybrids obtained from a cross with the DBA/2J background. Results indicate that genotype, sex, age and genetic background affect CFC performance. These data support the need to use both female and male mice, trisomy of sets of all Hsa21 orthologs, and additional ages and genetic backgrounds to improve the reliability of preclinical evaluations of drugs for ID in DS.

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In Vivo Toxicity of Solasonine and Its Effects on cyp450 Family Gene Expression in the Livers of Male Mice from Four Strains

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins10120487 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 487 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Youbao Zhong ◽

Shanshan Li ◽

Liling Chen ◽

Zhiyong Liu ◽

Xiaoquan Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Male Mice ◽

In Vivo Toxicity ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Family Gene ◽

Ld50 Value ◽

Different Strains

Solasonine was reported to inhibit tumour cell growth in several different models. The in vivo toxicity of solasonine, the effects of genetic background on its toxicity, and its possible roles in regulating the expression of cyp450 family genes were still unclear and required characterisation. Here, Horn’s assays were performed on male mice from four different strains, and the expression of cyp450 family genes in their livers was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Mice treated by intraperitoneal injection with high levels of solasonine showed immediate post-excitatory depression, intraperitoneal tissue adhesion, and dissolving of cells in the liver. Furthermore, these four mouse strains showed different toxicological sensitivity to solasonine. The strains, in decreasing order of LD50 value, rescuing speed of body weight, and more severe pathological symptoms, were KM, ICR, C57BL/6, and BALB/c. Interestingly, more cyp450 genes were downregulated at the mRNA and/or protein level in the livers of male mice from C57BL/6 or BALB/c strains than those from KM or ICR strains. These results suggest that (1) Solasonine has hepatic toxicity and downregulates cyp450 genes expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels; (2) Genetic background is an important factor which can affect the in vivo toxicity; (3) Downregulation of cyp450 gene expression in the liver may be a clue to help understand whether or not a given strain is sensitive to solasonine; (4) Influences on the expression of cyp450 genes should be considered when using solasonine alone, or in combination with other drugs.

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GROWTH OF MICE PRODUCED BY MALES WITH OR WITHOUT THE RAT GROWTH HORMONE TRANSGENE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas90-119 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 979-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. NAGAI ◽

G. DAVIS ◽

C. Y. LIN

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Key Words ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Male Mice ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Rat Growth

Male mice with or without the rat growth hormone transgene were mated with females of three lines without the transgene to examine body weight of resulting crossbred progeny at 21 and 42 d of age. The F1 progeny of sires with the transgene were consistently 16% heavier (P < 0.01) in 42-d body weight than F1 progeny of sires without the transgene in the three dam lines. The former progeny were also significantly (P < 0.01) heavier than the latter at weaning at 21 d of age. Progeny from backcrossing to sires with the transgene were, on average, 17% heavier (P < 0.01) at 42-d than those from sires without the transgene. Thus, sires with the rat growth hormone gene increased body weight of progeny regardless of the genetic background of dams to which sires were mated, and effects of the sires with the gene were clear as early as at weaning of progeny. Key words: Transgene, mice, growth, adult weight

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Integrated action of pheromone signals in promoting courtship behavior in male mice

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.03025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka ◽

Limei Ma ◽

Jie He ◽

Qiang Qiu ◽

Luke D Lavis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Background ◽

Courtship Behavior ◽

Vomeronasal Organ ◽

Male Mice ◽

Gating Mechanism ◽

Vomeronasal Receptors ◽

Female Urine ◽

Innate Behaviors ◽

Gender Specific ◽

Pheromone Information

The mammalian vomeronasal organ encodes pheromone information about gender, reproductive status, genetic background and individual differences. It remains unknown how pheromone information interacts to trigger innate behaviors. In this study, we identify vomeronasal receptors responsible for detecting female pheromones. A sub-group of V1re clade members recognizes gender-identifying cues in female urine. Multiple members of the V1rj clade are cognate receptors for urinary estrus signals, as well as for sulfated estrogen (SE) compounds. In both cases, the same cue activates multiple homologous receptors, suggesting redundancy in encoding female pheromone cues. Neither gender-specific cues nor SEs alone are sufficient to promote courtship behavior in male mice, whereas robust courtship behavior can be induced when the two cues are applied together. Thus, integrated action of different female cues is required in pheromone-triggered mating behavior. These results suggest a gating mechanism in the vomeronasal circuit in promoting specific innate behavior.

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Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068035 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 208-209

Author(s):

K.K. SEKHRI ◽

C.S. ALEXANDER ◽

H.T. NAGASAWA

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Male Mice ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

C57bl Mice ◽

Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

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Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115043 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

E. R. Macagno ◽

C. Levinthal

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Synaptic Connectivity ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Small Crustacean ◽

Optic Ganglion ◽

Structural Invariance ◽

High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

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