Simultaneous Increase of Conductivity, Active Sites and Structural Strain by Nitrogen Injection for High-Yield CO2 Electro-hydrogenation to Liquid Fuel

2022 ◽  
pp. 121080
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Guoqiang Shi ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Dengfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Structural Strain

scholarly journals ZnO/RGO Heterojunction Based near Room Temperature Alcohol SENSOR with Improved Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Ghosal ◽  
Partha Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Energy Band Diagram ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Ethanol Sensor ◽  
Vapor Sensing

The systematic optimization of surface engineering (dimensionality) indeed plays a crucial role in achieving efficient vapor-sensing performance. Among various semiconducting metal oxides, owing to some of its unique features and advantages, ZnO has attracted researchers on a global scale due to its application in various fields, including chemical sensors. The concomitant optimization of the surface attributes (varying different dimensions) of ZnO have become a sensation for the entire research community. Moreover, the small thickness and extremely large surface of exfoliated 2D nanosheets render the gas sensing material an ideal candidate for achieving strong coupling with different gas molecules. However, temperature is a crucial factor in the field of chemical sensing. Recently, graphene-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances and room temperature working conditions. In this work, a highly sensitive and fast responsive low temperature (60 °C)-based ethanol sensor, based on RGO/2D ZnO nanosheets hybrid structure, is reported. After detailed characterizations, the vapor sensing potentiality of this sensor was tested for the detection of ethanol. The ethanol sensor offered the response magnitude of 89% (100 ppm concentration) with response and recovery time of 12 s/29 s, respectively. Due to excessively high number of active sites for VOC interaction, with high yield synthesis process and appreciably high carrier mobility, this has paved the way for developing future generation, miniaturized and flexible (wearable) vapor sensor devices, meeting the multidimensional requirements for traditional and upcoming (health/medical sector) applications. The underlying mechanistic framework for vapor sensing, using this hybrid junction, is explained with the Energy Band Diagram.

scholarly journals Temperature and Dilution Effects in Soot Mass Concentration Measurements

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark ◽  
D. W. Moser ◽  
W. D. Best ◽  
N. A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Soot Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Dilution ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Sample ◽  
Sample Dilution

Measurements are made of soot mass concentration in a luminous, liquid fuel spray, diffusion flame at atmospheric pressure. Intrusive sampling probes are used to study the effects of sampling rate, cooling, nitrogen-dilution ratio, and tip geometry on the mass of soot particles deposited on filters. Probe diameters have been kept small to minimize disturbance to the flow-field. Relative soot concentrations are observed to be lowest for uncooled probes, higher for water-cooled probes and still higher for probes with both water cooling and nitrogen injection. Furthermore, soot concentration steadily rises as the nitrogen/sample dilution ratio is increased from zero to as high as 1.5. Sampling rate has little effect on soot concentrations under most, but not all, sampling conditions.

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization and Antihypertensive Effect In Vivo of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Heptapeptide from Defatted Areca Nut Kernel Globulin Hydrolysates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3308
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Guanwen Li ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Nan Qin ◽  
Lili Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

The areca (Areca catechu L.) nut kernel (ANK) is a good potential protein source for its high protein content of 9.89–14.62 g/100 g and a high yield of around 300,000 tons per year in China. However, utilization of the areca nut kernel is limited. To expand the usage of ANK in pharmaceutical or foods industries, areca nut kernel globulin was extracted and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition peptides were prepared and identified using gel chromatography, reversed phase HPLC separation, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and in silico screening. Finally, a novel ACE-inhibitory heptapeptide (Ala–Pro–Lys–Ile–Glu–Glu–Val) was identified and chemically synthesized. The combination pattern between APKIEEV and ACE, and the inhibition kinetics, antihypertensive effect and endothlein-1 inhibition activity of APKIEEV were studied. The results of the molecular docking demonstrated that APKIEEV could bind to four active sites (not the key active sites) of ACE via short hydrogen bonds and demonstrated high ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50: 550.41 μmol/L). Moreover, APKIEEV exhibited a significantly lowering effect on both the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats, and had considerable suppression ability on intracellular endothelin-1. These results highlight the potential usage of APKIEEV as ingredients of antihypertensive drugs or functional foods.

Computational and synthetic biology approaches for the biosynthesis of antiviral and anticancer terpenoids from Bacillus subtilis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Shukla ◽  
Ashish Runthala ◽  
Vikrant Singh Rajput ◽  
Potla Durthi Chandrasai ◽  
Anurag Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

: Recent advancements in medicinal research have identified several antiviral and anticancer terpenoids that are usually deployed as a source of flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Under the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions, natural therapeutics with least side effects are the need of the hour to save the patients, especially, which are pre-affected with other medical complications. Although, plants are the major sources of terpenoids; however, for the environmental concerns, the global interest has shifted to the biocatalytic production of molecules from microbial sources. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host in this regard due to its GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status, ease in genetic manipulations and wide industrial acceptability. The B. subtilis synthesizes its terpenoid molecules from 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, a common route in almost all microbial strains. Here, we summarize the computational and synthetic biology approaches to improve the production of terpenoid-based therapeutics from B. subtilis by utilizing DXP pathway. We focus on the in-silico approaches for screening the functionally improved enzyme-variants of the two crucial enzymes namely, the DXP synthase (DXS) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS). The approaches for engineering the active sites are subsequently explained. It will be helpful to construct the functionally improved enzymes for the high-yield production of terpenoid-based anticancer and antiviral metabolites, which would help to reduce the cost and improve the availability of such therapeutics for the humankind.

scholarly journals Process optimization of biodiesel production catalyzed by CaO nanocatalyst using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharti ◽  
Bhaskar Singh ◽  
R. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Amount

Abstract Uses of nanocatalysts have become more useful in optimizing catalytic reactions. They are known to enhance the rate of reaction by offering a greater number of active sites by possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, calcium oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method. The particle size of the nanocatalyst prepared ranged up to 8 nm. Soybean oil was used as the raw material for the synthesis of biodiesel. The synthesized nano-CaO was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Average BET surface area analysis of the nanocatalyst was calculated to be 67.781 m2/g and pore diameter was 3.302 nm. Nano-CaO catalyst was used to synthesize biodiesel and optimize the reaction variables through optimization processes to achieve a high yield of biodiesel. The reaction variables that were optimized were catalyst amount, oil to methanol molar ratio and reaction temperature. Upon optimization, the conversion of biodiesel was found to be 97.61%. The optimized value of the reaction variables was: catalyst amount of 3.675 wt% with respect to oil, molar ratio (alcohol to oil) of 11:1, and reaction temperature of 60 °C for 2 h. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Recent Developments for the Application of 3D Structured Material Nickel Foam and Graphene Foam in Direct Liquid Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Nabila A. Karim ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Alias ◽  
Hsiharng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Catalyst Supports ◽  
Graphene Foam ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Slow Kinetics

Platinum and platinum-based catalysts are some of the most effective catalysts used in fuel cells. However, electrocatalysts used for direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) and electrolyzers are high cost and suffer from several other problems, thus hindering their commercialization as power sources to produce clean energy. Common issues in electrocatalysts are low stability and durability, slow kinetics, catalyst poisoning, high catalyst loading, high cost of the catalytic materials, poisoning of the electrocatalysts, and formation of intermediate products during electrochemical reactions. The use of catalyst supports can enhance the catalytic activity and stability of the power sources. Thus, nickel foam and graphene foam with 3D structures have advantages over other catalyst supports. This paper presents the application of nickel foam and graphene foam as catalyst supports that enhance the activities, selectivity, efficiency, specific surface area, and exposure of the active sites of DLFCs. Selected recent studies on the use of foam in electrolyzers are also presented.

Bimetallic metal–organic framework-derived MoFe-PC microspheres for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silong Chen ◽  
Haeseong Jang ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Qing Qin ◽  
Xien Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

MoFe-PC exhibits a high yield rate and faradaic efficiency for NH3 electrosynthesis in acidic electrolytes due to the multicomponent active sites and inherent porous structure.

scholarly journals Is the Fischer-Tropsch Conversion of Biogas-Derived Syngas to Liquid Fuels Feasible at Atmospheric Pressure?

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Hakawati ◽  
Beatrice Smyth ◽  
Helen Daly ◽  
Geoffrey McCullough ◽  
David Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The Eu

Biogas resulting from anaerobic digestion can be utilized for the production of liquid fuels via reforming to syngas followed by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Renewable liquid fuels are highly desirable due to their potential for use in existing infrastructure, but current Fischer-Tropsch processes, which require operating pressures of 2–4 MPa (20–40 bar), are unsuitable for the relatively small scale of typical biogas production facilities in the EU, which are agriculture-based. This paper investigates the feasibility of producing liquid fuels from biogas-derived syngas at atmospheric pressure, with a focus on the system’s response to various interruption factors, such as total loss of feed gas, variations to feed ratio, and technical problems in the furnace. Results of laboratory testing showed that the liquid fuel selectivity could reach 60% under the studied conditions of 488 K (215 °C), H2/CO = 2 and 0.1 MPa (1 bar) over a commercial Fischer–Tropsch catalyst. Analysis indicated that the catalyst had two active sites for propagation, one site for the generation of methane and another for the production of liquid fuels and wax products. However, although the production of liquid fuels was verified at atmospheric pressure with high liquid fuel selectivity, the control of such a system to maintain activity is crucial. From an economic perspective, the system would require subsidies to achieve financial viability.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Bimetallic Cu–Ni Nanoparticle-Supported Catalysts in the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Zhou ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Ni Supported Catalysts

Three bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticle-supported catalysts were synthesized by co-immobilization followed by H2 reduction. A chromium(III) terephthalate metal organic framework (MIL-101), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and carbon (C) with different properties (acidity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area) were selected as supports for studying the effect of the support nature on the catalytic activity and selectivity in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The physicochemical properties of the Cu–Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, TEM, EDS, XPS, and ICP-OES. Bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the support. The catalytic activities of CuNi/MIL-101, CuNi/TiO2, and CuNi/C were tested in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in the presence of molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. The highest benzaldehyde yields were achieved with CuNi/TiO2, CuNi/MIL-101, and CuNi/C catalysts at 100 °C within 4 h under 5, 3, and 3 bar of O2, respectively. The bimetallic Cu–Ni-supported catalysts possessed two types of catalytic active sites: acid sites and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles. The CuNi/MIL-101 catalyst possessed a high number of acid sites and exhibited high yield during selective benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde. Importantly, the catalysts exhibited a high functional group (electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups) tolerance. Cu–Ni-supported catalysts with an Cu:Ni mole ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest yield of 47% for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Reusability and leaching experiment results exhibited that CuNi/MIL-101 showed better stability than CuNi/TiO2 and CuNi/C catalysts due to the large porous cavities of MIL-101 support; these cavities can be used to trap bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles and inhibit nanoparticle leaching.

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