Effects of compressive force, particle size and moisture content on mechanical properties of biomass pellets from grasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhagar Mani ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compressive Force

Effect of Moisture Content on Sunflower Seed Physical and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali ◽  
Wang Yuan Zong ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Horia Mohamed Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Length Width

This study was carried out to measure some physical and mechanical properties of the sunflower seeds variety “DW667”. The physical properties (length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity) and mechanical properties (compressive load and displacement deformation for vertical and horizontal orientations) were measured at 4%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Dray basis (d.b.) moisture contents. Higher moisture content from 4%to25% increased length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity and deformation displacement at the vertical and horizontal orientations of seeds increased from 10.57 to , 4.50 to , 2.85 to , 5.13 to , 49 to 50 %, 82.95 to 94.53 mm2, 33.70 to , 286.80 to 314.98 kg/m3, 406.47 to 483.61 kg/m3, 29.22 to 34.54 %, 1.63 to 2.63 mm and 0.70 to 1.87 mm, respectively. While the required compressive force for rupture seeds decreased from 25.3 to 12.39 N and 11.5 to 5.63 N for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively with moisture contents uprising from 4 to 25 %. The findings of this study will open new windows in farm mechanization for the designing and improvement of treatment machines for this type of seed.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Preparation of Reconstituted Tectonic Coal Samples: Optimization of Preparation Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2846
Author(s):  
Jishi Geng ◽  
Liwen Cao ◽  
Congyu Zhong ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Mining Safety ◽  
Tectonic Coal

The uniquely soft and fragile nature of tectonic coal makes it difficult to obtain core samples suitable for laboratory experimentation. Preparation of reconstituted tectonic coal (RTC) samples generally adopts the secondary forming method. Reliable coal samples are needed to obtain credible permeability and mechanical parameters that can guide Coalbed Methane (CBM) extraction and improve mining safety. In this study, the compaction mechanism of coal particles is analyzed based on the Kawakita model, and optimal sample preparation conditions are systemically investigated, particularly particle size and particle size distribution, forming pressure, and moisture content. The density and P-wave velocity of coal samples were used to test whether the RTC samples were realistic. Finally, the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the RTC samples were determined. The results indicate that RTC samples prepared for laboratory testing of mechanical properties require (1) the original particle size of the tectonic coal to be retained as much as possible; (2) a forming pressure that compacts the sample similar to the original tectonic coal; and (3) an optimum moisture content.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of Watermelon Seed Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-320
Author(s):  
Paul Chukwuka EZE ◽  
Eze CHIKAODILI ◽  
Ide PATRICK EJIKE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Watermelon Seed ◽  
Horizontal Loading ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
And Storage

The effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties of agricultural material is essential during design and adjustment of machines used during harvest, cleaning, separation, handling and storage. This study determined some mechanical properties of Black and Brown colored of watermelon seed grown in Nigeria under different moisture contents range of 6.5 to 27.8% (d.b). The results for the mechanical properties obtained ranged from 15.68-29.54 N for compressive force; 1.95-3.40 mm for compressive extension; 0.13-0.33 N mm-2 for compressive strength; and 0.17-1.93 kJ for deformation energy at vertical loading position while at horizontal loading position, results obtained ranged from 14.71-38.36 N for compressive force; 1.94-4.20 mm for compressive extension; 0.16-0.32 N mm-2 for compressive strength; and 1.47-76.39 kJ for deformation energy for Black colored watermelon seed. The compressive force, compressive extension, compressive strength, deformation energy ranged from 14.18-36.49 N, 1.85-5.20 mm, 0.19 0.76 N mm-2, 26.23-189.75 kJ at vertical loading position and 16.47-41.82 N, 1.68-11.08 mm, 0.34- 0.57 N mm-2, 27.67-319.99 kJ at horizontal loading position for Brown colored watermelon seed. The correlation between the mechanical properties and moisture content was statistically significant at (p≤0.05) level. It is also economical to load Black colored in vertical loading position at 27.8% moisture content and Brown colored in vertical loading position at 27.8% moisture content to reduce energy demand when necessary to crack or compress the seed. This research has generated data that are efficiently enough to design and fabricate processing and storage structures for Black and Brown water melon seeds.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon sp) BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN PERBANDINGAN ASAM SITRAT-SUKROSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Wiwit ◽  
Dina Setyawati ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Adhesive ◽  
Density Values

The manufacture of particleboards from dregs of sago and natural adhesives of citric-sucrose acid has not been widely reported. The aim of this research to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from dregs of sago based on particle size and the ratio of citric-sucrose. The dregs of sago used is 8-10 mesh and 20-40 mesh. Natural adhesive is used 20% of the dry weight dregs of sago. The ratio of citric acid-sucrose used varies 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0. The particleboard is made manually consisting of 3 layers (face, core, back) were manufactured in 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm, and the target of density was 0,7 g/cm3. The pressing at a temperature of 180oC for 15 minutes, and pressure of 20 kg/cm2. The physical and mechanical  properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8. The results showed particleboard that physical properties meets the standards is density, moisture content, and thickness development. The particleboard dregs of sago with ratio citric acid-sucrose 25/75 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8 for density values of 0,7532 g/cm3, moisture content of 8,6725%, thickness of  development 8,0756%.Keywords: citric acid-sucrose , dregs of sago, particleboard, particle size

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

scholarly journals Symmetric Nature of Stress Distribution in the Elastic-Plastic Range of Pinus L. Pine Wood Samples Determined Experimentally and Using the Finite Element Method (FEM)

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Elastic Plastic

This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes samples. The collected data set was used to determine several material constants such as: modulus of elasticity, shear modulus or yield point. The aim of the research was to determine the material properties necessary to develop the model used in the finite element analysis (FEM), which demonstrates the symmetrical nature of the stress distribution in the sample. This model will be used to analyze the process of grinding wood base materials in terms of the peak cutting force estimation and the tool geometry influence determination. The main purpose of the developed model will be to determine the maximum stress value necessary to estimate the destructive force for the tested wood sample. The tests were carried out for timber of around 8.74% and 19.9% moisture content (MC). Significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of wood depending on moisture content and the direction of the applied force depending on the arrangement of wood fibers. Unlike other studies in the literature, this one relates to all three stress states (tensile, compression and shear) in all significant directions (anatomical). To verify the usability of the determined mechanical parameters of wood, all three strength tests (tensile, compression and shear) were mapped in the FEM analysis. The accuracy of the model in determining the maximum destructive force of the material is equal to the average 8% (for tensile testing 14%, compression 2.5%, shear 6.5%), while the average coverage of the FEM characteristic with the results of the strength test in the field of elastic-plastic deformations with the adopted ±15% error overlap on average by about 77%. The analyses were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard 2020 program in the field of elastic-plastic deformations. Research with the use of numerical models after extension with a damage model will enable the design of energy-saving and durable grinding machines.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Resistivity of Tectonic Coal Samples with Different Particle Sizes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Congyu Zhong ◽  
Liwen Cao ◽  
Jishi Geng ◽  
Zhihao Jiang ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Tectonic Coal

Because of its weak cementation and abundant pores and cracks, it is difficult to obtain suitable samples of tectonic coal to test its mechanical properties. Therefore, the research and development of coalbed methane drilling and mining technology are restricted. In this study, tectonic coal samples are remodeled with different particle sizes to test the mechanical parameters and loading resistivity. The research results show that the particle size and gradation of tectonic coal significantly impact its uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus and affect changes in resistivity. As the converted particle size increases, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease first and then tend to remain unchanged. The strength of the single-particle gradation coal sample decreases from 0.867 to 0.433 MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 59.28 to 41.63 MPa with increasing particle size. The change in resistivity of the coal sample increases with increasing particle size, and the degree of resistivity variation decreases during the coal sample failure stage. In composite-particle gradation, the proportion of fine particles in the tectonic coal sample increases from 33% to 80%. Its strength and elastic modulus increase from 0.996 to 1.31 MPa and 83.96 to 125.4 MPa, respectively, and the resistivity change degree decreases. The proportion of medium particles or coarse particles increases, and the sample strength, elastic modulus, and resistivity changes all decrease.

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