Recyclable deep eutectic solvent coupling sodium hydroxide post-treatment for boosting woody/herbaceous biomass conversion at mild condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 124327
Author(s):  
Xuelian Zhou ◽  
Tianjiao Huang ◽  
Jue Liu ◽  
Huanli Gao ◽  
Huiyang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mild Condition ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass

scholarly journals Investigation of a Lignin-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Using p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid for Efficient Woody Biomass Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 12542-12553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Wang ◽  
Xianzhi Meng ◽  
Keunhong Jeong ◽  
Shuya Li ◽  
Gyu Leem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid

scholarly journals Synthesis of five propargylamines derivative via the multicomponent reaction catalyzed by a deep eutectic solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Hàng Thị Anh Hưng ◽  
Lý Đức Phát ◽  
Phuong Hoang Tran
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Reaction Processes

Deep eutectic solvents (DES), a new generation ionic liquids, are green reactive media in organic synthesis, electrochemical, and biomass conversion. In this paper, we have developed a deep eutectic solvent [ethylene glycol]4[ZnCl2], simply prepared from choline chloride with ethylene glycol and used as a catalyst for the three-component reaction to synthesize propargylamine from available substrates including piperidine, phenylacetylene and benzaldehyde derivatives. The reaction mixture was activated by magnetic stirring and the optimization of conditions was investigated including temperature, time, catalytic mass, substrate effect and recycled catalyst. At 80 ◦ C, we successfully synthesized 5 propargylamine derivatives over a period of 180 minutes with high efficiency and only used 2% moles of catalyst. Desired products are structurally identified by NMR and MS (nuclear magnetic resonance 1H, 13C NMR and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry GC-MS). The results showed that DES [ethylene glycol]4[ZnCl2] catalyzed the efficiency of this reaction and the ability to reuse many times with negligible reduction in activity. Research to expand the scope of the substrate (heterocyclic oxygen and nitrogen compounds) and reaction mechanism are underway in the laboratory. Simple, efficient reaction processes have been the potential for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Potential of Transforming Sodalite from Synthesis Kaolin with a Mild Condition of the Hydrothermal Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7376-7393
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Mild Condition ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Crystallization Time

The hydrothermal synthesis method is one of the successful methods for transforming kaolin into sodalite with various parameters considered. The variation of alkalinity source of 2-3 Molarity of sodium hydroxide and crystallization time (12-16 hours) was considered an important parameter that influences the formation of sodalite. It is reported in this research that the process of synthesizing sodalite to transform into an amorphous stage (Metakaolinization phase) began with beneficiation of kaolin to remove the impurities and calcination by 6500C for four hours. The synthesis was done through an aging process (400C, 24 hours), and the crystallization temperature was 1000C. The kaolin was characterized by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, PSA, TGA, followed with metakaolin by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and the end-product by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and PSA. The crystallinity percentage of sodalite slightly increased by increasing the molarity and crystallization time, but quartz remains in the end-product.

Combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and sodium hydroxide post-treatment applied on wheat straw for enhancing its enzymatic hydrolysis

Cellulose ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douyong Min ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Mingfu Li ◽  
Zhuan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Post Treatment

Comparing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) to a hydrotrope for their ability to enhance the fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of willow and corn stover

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanliang Song ◽  
Richard P. Chandra ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Tianwei Tan ◽  
Jack N. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The use of deep eutectic solvents and hydrotropes as a “post-treatment” for mechanical pulp to increase the ease of enzymatic hydrolysis.

Optimization of the process variables for treating cellulose fiber with NaOH/urea aqueous solution for improved water retention value and paper strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Yingju Miao ◽  
Chunzuo Yan ◽  
Yingchun Miao ◽  
Qingming Jia ◽  
Yonghao Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Pretreatment Time

Abstract Cellulose fibers swell significantly in NaOH/urea solutions, and swelling increases with a decrease in temperature and an addition of urea. The combined effects of the factors of a pretreatment procedure (sodium hydroxide concentration, urea concentration, temperature, and time) and post-treatment conditions (medium, stirring speed, and time) of preparing fibers on the properties of pulp and the resulting paper sheets were investigated and optimized using single factor experiments. The optimum sodium hydroxide concentration (1 %), urea concentration (8 %), precooling temperature 0 °C, pretreatment time (12 h), post-treatment medium (7 % {({\mathrm{NH}_{4}})_{2}}{\mathrm{SO}_{4}}), post-treatment stirring speed (1500 rpm), and time (30 min) were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the water retention values and tear, tensile, and burst indexes increased about 54 %, 277 %, 394 %, and 98 %, respectively. This work demonstrates that this technical route can effectively improve fiber swelling capacity and paper strength.

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

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