Weed control ability of Egyptian Natural Products against annual, perennial and parasitic weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelaziz Balah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Parasitic Weeds

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of New Halogenated GR24 Analogs as Germination Promotors for Orobanche cumana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Chen ◽  
Yi Kuang ◽  
Liyang Shi ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Haoyu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
Promising Agent

Orobanche and Striga are parasitic weeds extremely well adapted to the life cycle of their host plants. They cannot be eliminated by conventional weed control methods. Suicidal germination induced by strigolactones (SLs) analogs is an option to control these weeds. Here, we reported two new halogenated (+)-GR24 analogs, named 7-bromo-GR24 (7BrGR24) and 7-fluoro-GR24 (7FGR24), which were synthesized using commercially available materials following simple steps. Both compounds strongly promoted seed germination of Orobanche cumana. Their EC50 values of 2.3±0.28×10−8M (7BrGR24) and 0.97±0.29×10−8M (7FGR24) were 3- and 5-fold lower, respectively, than those of (+)-GR24 and rac-GR24 (EC50=5.1±1.32–5.3±1.44×10−8; p<0.05). The 7FGR24 was the strongest seed germination promoter tested, with a stimulation percentage of 62.0±9.1% at 1.0×10−8M and 90.9±3.8% at 1.0×10−6M. It showed higher binding affinity (IC50=0.189±0.012μM) for the SL receptor ShHTL7 than (+)-GR24 (IC50=0.248±0.032μM), rac-GR24 (IC50=0.319±0.032μM), and 7BrGR24 (IC50=0.521±0.087μM). Molecular docking experiments indicated that the binding affinity of both halogenated analogs to the strigolactone receptor OsD14 was similar to that of (+)-GR24. Our results indicate that 7FGR24 is a promising agent for the control of parasitic weeds.

Selective Broadleaf Weed Control in Turfgrass with the BioherbicidesPhoma macrostomaand Thaxtomin A

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Wolfe ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Christopher D. Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Industry Standard

Both regulatory and consumer forces have increased the demand for biopesticides, particularly in amenity areas such as turfgrass. Unfortunately, few natural products are available for selective weed control in turfgrass. Two bioherbicides reported to control broadleaf weeds without injuring turfgrass arePhoma macrostomaand thaxtomin A. Field and container experiments were conducted to evaluate PRE and POST efficacy ofP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A on regionally important broadleaf weeds. In container experiments, PRE applications ofP. macrostomaprovided 65 to 100% control of dandelion, marsh yellowcress, and flexuous bittercress, equivalent to that of pendimethalin. Control of yellow woodsorrel, henbit, hairy galinsoga, common chickweed, or annual bluegrass was less than with pendimethalin. In contrast, POST applications did not control any species as well as an industry-standard synthetic auxin herbicide. PRE or POST applications of thaxtomin A controlled six of the eight species tested as well as the industry-standard PRE or POST herbicides. In field tests, overall PRE broadleaf weed control withP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A peaked 4 wk after treatment at 64 and 72%, respectively, and declined afterward, suggesting that these bioherbicides possess short residuals and therefore must be reapplied for season-long control. Overall POST broadleaf weed control usingP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A was only 41 and 25%, respectively. PRE followed by early-POST applications of thaxtomin A provided ≥ 86% henbit control. These results suggest that bothP. macrostomaand thaxtomin A are capable of controlling certain broadleaf weeds in turfgrass. However, both lack efficacy on some important weed species, particularly chickweed. Thaxtomin A efficacy on henbit was improved by increased dose and by PRE followed by early-POST applications.

scholarly journals A Study on the Phytotoxic Potential of the Seasoning Herb Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) Leaves

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3356
Author(s):  
Antonio Cala ◽  
José R. Salcedo ◽  
Ascensión Torres ◽  
Rosa M. Varela ◽  
José M. G. Molinillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
First Time

In the search of new alternatives for weed control, spices appear as an option with great potential. They are rich in bioactive natural products and edible, which might minimize toxicity hazard. Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) is an aromatic herb that has been widely employed as a seasoning herb in Mediterranean countries. Although marjoram boasts a plethora of therapeutic properties (painkiller, antibiotic, treatment for intestinal disorders, etc.), the potential for its extracts for weed control is still to be more thoroughly explored. In order to determine their phytotoxic potential, marjoram leaves were subjected to different bioguided extraction processes, using water, ethyl acetate, acetone or methanol. The most active extract (acetone) was sequentially fractionated to identify its most active compounds. This fractionation led to the isolation and identification of 25 compounds that were classified as monoterpenes, diterpenes or flavonoids. Among them, a new compound named majoradiol and several compounds are described in marjoram for the first time. The phytotoxicity of the major compounds to etiolated wheat coleoptiles was compared against that of the commercial herbicide (Logran®), with similar or higher activity in some cases. These results confirm the extraordinary potential of the extracts from this edible plant to develop safer and more environmentally friendly herbicides.

scholarly journals Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radi Aly ◽  
James H. Westwood ◽  
Carole L. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.

Perpendicular Cultivation for Improved In-Row Weed Control in Organic Peanut Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Parallel Cultivation

Intensive cultivation in organic peanut is partially effective, but in-row weed control remains problematic. In an attempt to improve in-row weed control, irrigated trials were conducted from 2011 to 2013 near Ty Ty, GA to determine the feasibility of early-season cultivation perpendicular to row direction using a tine weeder when integrated with other weed-control practices. Combinations of perpendicular cultivation (cultivation perpendicular to row direction), parallel cultivation (cultivation in the same direction of the rows), and banded applications of herbicides derived from natural sources were compared. Perpendicular cultivation improved overall weed control and peanut yield (two years of three), but this benefit was independent of weed control from any form of parallel cultivation. Additionally, tractor tire tracks from perpendicular cultivation across the rows repeatedly crushed peanut seedlings. Parallel cultivation with the tine weeder was generally more effective than parallel cultivation with sweeps, particularly for southern crabgrass and Texas millet. Herbicides derived from natural products were inconsistent in controlling dicot weeds, ineffective in controlling annual grasses, and did not protect peanut yield from weed interference.

scholarly journals Effect of Sprayer Output Volume and Adjuvants on Efficacy of Clove Oil for Weed Control in Organic Vidalia® Sweet Onion

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
Output Volume

Timely cultivation with a tine weeder and hand weeding are the primary tools for successful weed control in organic sweet onion (Allium cepa), but conditions frequently arise that delay the initial cultivation. Weeds that emerge during the delay are not effectively controlled by cultivation and herbicides derived from natural products may have a role to control the emerged weeds. It has been reported that clove oil herbicide was more effective when sprayers were calibrated for higher output (>50 gal/acre) compared with sprayers calibrated at ≈25 gal/acre. However, when clove oil was applied at the recommended rate of 10% by volume, herbicide cost was doubled when sprayer output volume was doubled. It was theorized that herbicide adjuvants might improve clove oil efficacy and reduce weed control cost by not needing to increase sprayer output volume. Trials were conducted from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate all possible combinations of two sprayer output volumes and five herbicide adjuvants used with clove oil (10% by volume) for cool season weed control. Sprayer output volumes evaluated were 25 and 50 gal/acre, using spray tips of differing orifice size. Adjuvants evaluated were a material composed of saponins, citric acid plus garlic extract, an emulsified petroleum oil (EPO) insecticide, a conventional petroleum oil adjuvant (POA), no adjuvant used with clove oil, and a nontreated control. Weed control was not consistently improved by applying clove oil (10% by volume) with a sprayer calibrated at 50 gal/acre compared with sprayer calibrated at 25 gal/acre. Improvements in weed control that were occasionally seen did not affect onion yield. Adjuvants provided minimal improvement in weed control from clove oil and did not consistently improve onion yield. Based on these results, clove oil does not provide suitable levels of weed control in organic Vidalia® sweet onion production to justify the expense.

scholarly journals Localization of planteose hydrolysis during seed germination of Orobanche minor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okazawa ◽  
Atsusya Baba ◽  
Hikaru Okano ◽  
Tomoya Tokunaga ◽  
Tsubasa Nakaue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate

Root parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae, such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), cause serious losses in agriculture worldwide. No practical method to control these parasitic weeds has been developed to date. Understanding the characteristic physiological processes in the life cycles of root parasitic weeds is particularly important to identify specific targets for growth modulators. In our previous study, planteose metabolism was revealed to be activated soon after the perception of strigolactones in germinating seeds of O. minor. Nojirimycin inhibited planteose metabolism and impeded seed germination of O. minor, indicating that planteose metabolism is a possible target for root parasitic weed control. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of planteose in dry seeds of O. minor by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization—mass spectrometry imaging. Planteose was detected in tissues surrounding—but not within—the embryo, supporting its suggested role as a storage carbohydrate. Biochemical assays and molecular characterization of an α-galactosidase family member, OmAGAL2, indicated the enzyme is involved in planteose hydrolysis in the apoplast around the embryo after the perception of strigolactones to provide the embryo with essential hexoses for germination. These results indicated that OmAGAL2 is a potential molecular target for root parasitic weed control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document