scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of New Halogenated GR24 Analogs as Germination Promotors for Orobanche cumana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Chen ◽  
Yi Kuang ◽  
Liyang Shi ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Haoyu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
Promising Agent

Orobanche and Striga are parasitic weeds extremely well adapted to the life cycle of their host plants. They cannot be eliminated by conventional weed control methods. Suicidal germination induced by strigolactones (SLs) analogs is an option to control these weeds. Here, we reported two new halogenated (+)-GR24 analogs, named 7-bromo-GR24 (7BrGR24) and 7-fluoro-GR24 (7FGR24), which were synthesized using commercially available materials following simple steps. Both compounds strongly promoted seed germination of Orobanche cumana. Their EC50 values of 2.3±0.28×10−8M (7BrGR24) and 0.97±0.29×10−8M (7FGR24) were 3- and 5-fold lower, respectively, than those of (+)-GR24 and rac-GR24 (EC50=5.1±1.32–5.3±1.44×10−8; p<0.05). The 7FGR24 was the strongest seed germination promoter tested, with a stimulation percentage of 62.0±9.1% at 1.0×10−8M and 90.9±3.8% at 1.0×10−6M. It showed higher binding affinity (IC50=0.189±0.012μM) for the SL receptor ShHTL7 than (+)-GR24 (IC50=0.248±0.032μM), rac-GR24 (IC50=0.319±0.032μM), and 7BrGR24 (IC50=0.521±0.087μM). Molecular docking experiments indicated that the binding affinity of both halogenated analogs to the strigolactone receptor OsD14 was similar to that of (+)-GR24. Our results indicate that 7FGR24 is a promising agent for the control of parasitic weeds.

scholarly journals Giant Swallowtail, Orangedog, Papilio cresphontes Cramer (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. McAuslane
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
A Minor

Revised! EENY-008, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by H. J. McAuslane, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this striking, wonderfully “exotic”-looking butterfly that is very abundant in Florida, and whose larva is the well-known “orangedog” that is a minor pest of sweet orange and other members of the citrus family — its distribution, description, life cycle, host plants, biological control and other control methods. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2009. EENY-008/IN134: Giant Swallowtail, Orangedog, Papilio cresphontes Cramer (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Localization of planteose hydrolysis during seed germination of Orobanche minor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okazawa ◽  
Atsusya Baba ◽  
Hikaru Okano ◽  
Tomoya Tokunaga ◽  
Tsubasa Nakaue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate

Root parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae, such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), cause serious losses in agriculture worldwide. No practical method to control these parasitic weeds has been developed to date. Understanding the characteristic physiological processes in the life cycles of root parasitic weeds is particularly important to identify specific targets for growth modulators. In our previous study, planteose metabolism was revealed to be activated soon after the perception of strigolactones in germinating seeds of O. minor. Nojirimycin inhibited planteose metabolism and impeded seed germination of O. minor, indicating that planteose metabolism is a possible target for root parasitic weed control. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of planteose in dry seeds of O. minor by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization—mass spectrometry imaging. Planteose was detected in tissues surrounding—but not within—the embryo, supporting its suggested role as a storage carbohydrate. Biochemical assays and molecular characterization of an α-galactosidase family member, OmAGAL2, indicated the enzyme is involved in planteose hydrolysis in the apoplast around the embryo after the perception of strigolactones to provide the embryo with essential hexoses for germination. These results indicated that OmAGAL2 is a potential molecular target for root parasitic weed control.

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Fugitive Dust Control Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 04020181
Author(s):  
Alena J. Raymond ◽  
Alissa Kendall ◽  
Jason T. DeJong ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian ◽  
Miriam A. Woolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fugitive Dust

TUNGAU PADA DAUN MANGGA (Mangifera Indica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawati Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Mango Leaves

Mites have hostplant specifications or host plants. Mites can be destructive and deadly of which is the host plants a mango crop. Mites on mango crops will cause the leaves yellow and fall off prematurely. This is will lead to the disruption of the productivity of mango. It is necessary for research to identify the mites that infect the mango crop. The method is carried out by direct observation. Mites were taken from the surface of mango leaves later in preservation with several levels of concentration of alcohol, and polyvinyl laktofenol. Then, observed under a microscope and documented for identification purposes. Mites on the leaf surface of manalagi mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em>) found two species, it is <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. and <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> (Family: Tetranychidae, Superfamily: Tetranychoidea). <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. hallmark is rounded body shape like a spider, with a body is transparent and there are two long seta on posterior part. While <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> has a characteristic elongated rounded body shape, red, and there is a short posterior seta. <em>Oligonychus</em> sp. and <em>Oligonychus ilicis</em> live as parasites on the surface of mango leaves that can lead to wrinkled leaves, yellow and to fall. <em>Oligonychus</em> life cycle starts from the eggs develop into Nympha and then adult.

A New Series Of 1,3-Dimethylxanthine Based Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonists As A Non-Dopaminergic Treatment Of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Rohilla ◽  
Ranju Bansal ◽  
Puneet Chauhan ◽  
Sonja Kachler ◽  
Karl-Norbert Klotz
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonists ◽  
The Impact

Background: Adenosine receptors (AR) have emerged as competent and innovative nondopaminergic targets for the development of potential drug candidates and thus constitute an effective and safer treatment approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Xanthine derivatives are considered as potential candidates for the treatment Parkinson’s disease due to their potent A2A AR antagonistic properties. Objective: The objectives of the work are to study the impact of substituting N7-position of 8-m/pchloropropoxyphenylxanthine structure on in vitro binding affinity of compounds with various AR subtypes, in vivo antiparkinsonian activity and binding modes of newly synthesized xanthines with A2A AR in molecular docking studies. Methods: Several new 7-substituted 8-m/p-chloropropoxyphenylxanthine analogues have been prepared. Adenosine receptor binding assays were performed to study the binding interactions with various subtypes and perphenazine induced rat catatonia model was used for antiparkinsonian activity. Molecular docking studies were performed using Schrödinger molecular modeling interface. Results: 8-para-substituted xanthine 9b bearing an N7-propyl substituent displayed the highest affinity towards A2A AR (Ki = 0.75 µM) with moderate selectivity versus other AR subtypes. 7-Propargyl analogue 9d produced significantly longlasting antiparkinsonian effects and also produced potent and selective binding affinity towards A2A AR. In silico docking studies further highlighted the crucial structural components required to develop xanthine derived potential A2A AR ligands as antiparkinsonian agents. Conclusion: A new series of 7-substituted 8-m/p-chloropropoxyphenylxanthines having good affinity for A2A AR and potent antiparkinsonian activity has been developed.

scholarly journals Bioactive Antidiabetic Flavonoids from the Stem Bark of Cordia dichotoma Forst.: Identification, Docking and ADMET Studies

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1234 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. M1234
Author(s):  
Nazim Hussain ◽  
Bibhuti Bhushan Kakoti ◽  
Mithun Rudrapal ◽  
Khomendra Kumar Sarwa ◽  
Ismail Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Autodock Vina ◽  
Online Tool

Cordia dichotoma Forst. (F. Boraginaceae) has been traditionally used for the management of a variety of human ailments. In our earlier work, the antidiabetic activity of methanolic bark extract of C. dichotoma (MECD) has been reported. In this paper, two flavonoid molecules were isolated (by column chromatography) and identified (by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy/spectrometry) from the MECD with an aim to investigate their antidiabetic effectiveness. Molecular docking and ADMET studies were carried out using AutoDock Vina software and Swiss ADME online tool, respectively. The isolated flavonoids were identified as 3,5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxyflavone-3-O-L-rhamnopyranoside and 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin). Docking and ADMET studies revealed the promising binding affinity of flavonoid molecules for human lysosomal α-glucosidase and human pancreatic α-amylase with acceptable ADMET properties. Based on computational studies, our study reports the antidiabetic potential of the isolated flavonoids with predictive pharmacokinetics profile.

scholarly journals Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Triterpenes from Vernonia patula with the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3595
Author(s):  
Md Afjalus Afjalus Siraj ◽  
Md. Sajjadur Rahman ◽  
Ghee T. Tan ◽  
Veronique Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor ◽  
Docking Approach

A molecular docking approach was employed to evaluate the binding affinity of six triterpenes, namely epifriedelanol, friedelin, α-amyrin, α-amyrin acetate, β-amyrin acetate, and bauerenyl acetate, towards the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1). Molecular docking studies showed that friedelin, α-amyrin, and epifriedelanol had the strongest binding affinity towards CB1. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that friedelin and α-amyrin engaged in stable non-bonding interactions by binding to a pocket close to the active site on the surface of the CB1 target protein. The studied triterpenes showed a good capacity to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. These results help to provide some evidence to justify, at least in part, the previously reported antinociceptive and sedative properties of Vernonia patula.

scholarly journals In Silico Exploration of Phytoconstituents From Phyllanthus emblica and Aegle marmelos as Potential Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117793222110274
Author(s):  
Khushboo Pandey ◽  
Kiran Bharat Lokhande ◽  
K Venkateswara Swamy ◽  
Shuchi Nagar ◽  
Manjusha Dake
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Free Energy Calculations ◽  
Molecular Field ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Novel Drug

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide has increased the importance of computational tools to design a drug or vaccine in reduced time with minimum risk. Earlier studies have emphasized the important role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in SARS-CoV-2 replication as a potential drug target. In our study, comprehensive computational approaches were applied to identify potential compounds targeting RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. To study the binding affinity and stability of the phytocompounds from Phyllanthus emblica and Aegel marmelos within the defined binding site of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, they were subjected to molecular docking, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation followed by post-simulation analysis. Furthermore, to assess the importance of features involved in the strong binding affinity, molecular field-based similarity analysis was performed. Based on comparative molecular docking and simulation studies of the selected phytocompounds with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp revealed that EBDGp possesses a stronger binding affinity (−23.32 kcal/mol) and stability than other phytocompounds and reference compound, Remdesivir (−19.36 kcal/mol). Molecular field-based similarity profiling has supported our study in the validation of the importance of the presence of hydroxyl groups in EBDGp, involved in increasing its binding affinity toward SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation results confirmed that EBDGp has better inhibitory potential than Remdesivir and can be an effective novel drug for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Furthermore, binding free energy calculations confirmed the higher stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp-EBDGp complex. These results suggest that the EBDGp compound may emerge as a promising drug against SARS-CoV-2 and hence requires further experimental validation.

Systems of Weed Control for Peanuts

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
S. R. Cecil ◽  
C. C. Dowler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Economical System ◽  
Grade Average

Systems of weed control composed of (a) herbicides only, (b) herbicides plus cultivation, or (c) cultivation only were devised. The most effective systems, involving herbicide sequences plus one “non-dirting” layby cultivation, controlled twelve troublesome species of weeds with acceptable yields of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). On Greenville sandy clay loam, a particularly effective and economical system of weed control consisted of (a) N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin) used as a preplanting incorporated treatment, then (b) S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) either incorporated into the soil before planting or injected at planting, and finally, (c) a layby cultivation 5 to 6 weeks after planting. A similarly effective system on Tifton loamy sand involved vernolate injected at planting, 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) at “cracking”, and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) as a postemergence treatment followed by the layby cultivation. The “non-dirting” layby cultivation, averaged over both years and herbicide sequences, significantly increased yields of peanuts on both soil types. None of the systems of weed control caused consistent differences in market grade, average weight per seed, germination, or organoleptic quality of the peanuts.

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