Vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in normal adult population of Birjand, Iran

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

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VITAMIN D PROVISION FOR CHILDREN AND ADULT POPULATION OF THE AMUR REGION

Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration ◽

10.12737/20121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (60) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Романцова ◽

Elena Romantsova ◽

Борисенко ◽

Elena Borisenko ◽

Бабцева ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Adult Population ◽

Amur Region ◽

Preschool Age ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

The aim of the research is to study the availability of vitamin D among children of different age and pregnant women living in the Amur region. 339 residents of Blagoveshchensk (279 children of different age and 60 adults) were examined. Among them there were 129 toddlers, 90 children of preschool age of 3-6 years old, 60 adolescents of 15-17 years old and 60 adults (pregnant women) of 18-40 years old. In the blood serum the content of the metabolite of vitamin D [25(OH)D] was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The assessment of risk factors for failure and deficiency of vitamin D was conducted by clinical and anamnestic data. The first results of the study have been presented. They indicate a high frequency of various vitamin D deficiency in the population of the Amur region. Among 339 residents of the Amur region 92 (27.1%) had an adequate availability of vitamin D, 144 (42.4%) had an insufficiency of 25(OH)D; at the same time vitamin D deficiency was identified in 90 (26.5%) with 1/3 of the child population and 1/4 of pregnant women. The level of 25(OH)D within normal limits found in 37.5% of children in the first year of life decreased till 3.6 % by 3 years old, with its deficit increasing from 29.1% to 50%, persisting at this level (45.5 percent) in 3-6 year-old children, declining till 23.3% in adolescents and till 23.3% in pregnant women. The average vitamin D in the studied age periods was the highest in the first year of life (36.14±4.3 ng/ml), and the lowest in 2-3 year-old children (19.31±14.68 ng/ml), with a gradual increase in 3-6 years old (21.77±0.96 ng/ml); in 15-17 years old (23.89±0.66 ng/ml) and in pregnant women it has reached a level of 27.75±0.18 ng/ml, remaining below normal values. Respiratory infections, digestion, bone and joint systems pathologies are the most important risk factors contributing to the low status of 25 (OH) D; their prevention, alongside with the correction of vitamin D deficiency can improve the health of the population of the Amur region.

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Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adults in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2018/4742574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Delphine A. Tangoh ◽

Tobias O. Apinjoh ◽

Yasir Mahmood ◽

Robert V. Nyingchu ◽

Beatrice A. Tangunyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

West Region ◽

South West ◽

Study Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

South West Region

Background. Vitamin D has been shown to exert its actions on the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, prostate, renal, endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Current reported data of hypovitaminosis D reveals a global pandemic, with an estimated one billion people worldwide presenting with hypovitaminosis D. Objective. This study aimed at investigating the vitamin D status and its associated risk factors in Cameroonians from the South West Region. Method. The study was a community- and hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. It was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons between the months of July and December 2015 in the South West Region of Cameroon involving 372 participants aged 35 years and above. After obtaining informed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency. Blood samples were collected from the volunteer participants in the peak months of the rainy season and dry season, and the serum used to analyse for vitamin D by ELISA and calcium by spectrophotometry. 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L (≥30 ng/mL) were considered sufficient while levels <75 nmol/L were considered as hypovitaminosis D (insufficiency/deficiency). Results. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency/insufficiency) was prevalent in 25.8% (96) of the study population, with only 3.2% (12) deficiency and 22.6% (84) insufficiency. There was a significant inverse relationship r=−0.119,p=0.02 between age and 25(OH)D levels; however, this relationship was not significant when controlled for gender, number of hours spent outdoors, and percentage of body covered. Gender, ethnic origin, percentage of body covered, time spent outdoors, and season did not influence serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is relatively low in this study population and only age is a risk factor of vitamin D deficiency.

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The Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clinical Medicine Insights Women s Health ◽

10.1177/1179562x18767884 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 1179562X1876788 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riyadh A Alzaheb

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a worldwide epidemic. Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, have high vitamin D deficiency prevalence, most prominently among women, despite their plentiful year-round sunshine. Previous research investigating vitamin D status among Saudi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) is scarce, and no study has used a nationally representative sample, so this review quantified overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence among women in Saudi Arabia and explored the associated risk factors. The Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases were searched for prior studies in Saudi Arabia exploring vitamin D status among women of reproductive age, published between January 1, 2000 and May 25, 2017. Data were extracted from the identified studies, and a random effects model meta-analysis established the overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence. The initial search yielded 223 possibly relevant articles; 13 were confirmed as eligible, with samples totaling 2877 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Meta-analysis revealed a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, level of 13.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6-14.6) and an overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, of 77.4% (95% CI: 63.2-87.3), mostly due to insufficient sunlight exposure and low dietary vitamin D intake. There is therefore a need for a national strategy to raise vitamin D levels among women in Saudi Arabia by advising them on natural vitamin D sources, and recommending the timing and duration of sun exposure, while also defining a national approach to vitamin D fortification and supplementation.

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Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Rural Population of the Northern Part of the Persian Gulf

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109364/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Marzban ◽

Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi ◽

Mehdi Mahmudpour ◽

Afshin Ostovar ◽

Saeed Keshmiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Rural Population ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally since the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies concerned on cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population in Bushehr province which has the longest border with the Persian Gulf.Methods: The rural inhabitants with ≥25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D was measured using ELISA.Results: A total of 1806 (means±SD, 46.30± 14.22 years old) rural subjects (34.84% males and 64.88%) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 27.87%, 50.39% and 21.74%, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than men (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.040). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.74). There was no significant difference between the food items consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively.Conclusion: Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their life styles patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors among adults in Chandigarh

International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research ◽

10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_165_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Divesh Dik ◽

Maninder Kaur

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Muslim Housewives of Quetta, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.17643 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taimoor Hussain ◽

Abdul Habib Eimal Latif ◽

Sheza Malik ◽

Sami Raza ◽

Tooba Saeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽

10.53065/kaznmu.2021.70.67.009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

А.М. Барат ◽

Г.Д. Жаманбай ◽

Б.Б. Тельман ◽

А.Б. Кенесхан ◽

Д.К. Досиханова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The World ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Дефицит витамина D, а также сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) и связанные с ними факторы риска широко распространены во всем мире и часто возникают одновременно. Давно известно, что витамин D является неотъемлемой частью метаболизма костей, хотя недавние данные свидетельствуют о том, что витамин D играет ключевую роль в патофизиологии других заболеваний, включая сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. В этом обзоре мы стремимся обобщить самые последние данные об участии дефицита витамина D в развитии основных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: артериальной гипертензии, ожирения и дислипидемии, диабета 2 типа, хронического заболевания почек и эндотелиальной дисфункции. Кроме того, мы приводим самые последние данные наблюдений, а также интервенционные данные о влиянии витамина D на сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. Vitamin D deficiency, as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors, are widespread throughout the world and often occur concurrently. Vitamin D has long been known to be an essential part of bone metabolism, although recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in the pathophysiology of other diseases, including cardiovascular disease. In this review, we seek to summarize the most recent evidence on the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease: hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, we provide the most recent observational data as well as interventional evidence on the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular disease.

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