Exercise-induced cardiac fatigue after a 45-minute bout of high-intensity running exercise is not altered under hypoxia

The impact of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) concentrate (MC) on physiological indices and functional performance was examined following a bout of high-intensity stochastic cycling. Trained cyclists (n = 16) were equally divided into 2 groups (MC or isoenergetic placebo (PLA)) and consumed 30 mL of supplement, twice per day for 8 consecutive days. On the fifth day of supplementation, participants completed a 109-min cycling trial designed to replicate road race demands. Functional performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), cycling efficiency, 6-s peak cycling power) and delayed onset muscle soreness were assessed at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-trial. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately pre- and post-trial, and at 1, 3, 5, 24, 48, and 72 h post-trial were analysed for indices of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)), oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides), and muscle damage (creatine kinase). MVIC (P < 0.05) did not decline in the MC group (vs. PLA) across the 72-h post-trial period and economy (P < 0.05) was improved in the MC group at 24 h. IL-6 (P < 0.001) and hsCRP (P < 0.05) responses to the trial were attenuated with MC (vs. PLA). No other blood markers were significantly different between MC and PLA groups. The results of the study suggest that Montmorency cherry concentrate can be an efficacious functional food for accelerating recovery and reducing exercise-induced inflammation following strenuous cycling exercise.

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Abstract 15602: Sex-differences in Extreme Exercise-induced Adverse Cardiovascular Remodeling

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Gemma Sanguesa ◽

Aline Meza ◽

Anna Alcarraz ◽

Cira Rubies ◽

Lluis Mont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Descending Aorta ◽

Male And Female ◽

Cardiovascular Remodeling ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Exercise Induced

Introduction: There is emerging evidence in men that sustained high-intensity training promotes an adverse cardiovascular remodeling, thereby increasing the risk of atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and coronary calcification. Whether men and women are similarly affected by high intensity exercise-induced harm is unclear. Our aim was to study sex differences in a long-term endurance training rat model. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were subjected to high intensity training for 16 weeks (INT, 60min 60cm/s, male n=20, female n=15). Sedentary rats (SED, male n=20, female n=18) were used as controls. At the end of the training period, rats had an electrocardiogram and echocardiography performed. Vascular fibrosis was assessed in descending aorta, left carotid, and intramyocardial arteries (IMA), right and left atria, and left ventricle (LV) histological samples. mRNA levels of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation genes were assessed in LV samples by Real-Time PCR. Results: INT male rats presented lower heart rate (382±9, 340±10, SED vs INT, p<0.01) and a longer QRS duration (18.8±0.6, 22.4±1.1, SED vs INT, p<0.01), while these were not modified in the INT female group. Echocardiography showed eccentric LV hypertrophy in both trained male and female rats. High intensity exercise induced fibrosis in the descending aorta and carotid in both males and females, but IMA were only affected in trained male rats. In the heart, exercise-induced atrial fibrosis similarly occurred in both trained male and female rats. No training-induced fibrosis was evident in the LV of both INT male and female rats. Regarding LV mRNA analysis, INT males showed a reduction of desmin, TTN and N2BA/N2B ratio, whereas INT females exhibited higher desmin mRNA levels and lower αMHC/βMHC ratio. Intense exercise did not increase LV mRNA levels of fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation markers neither in males nor in females. In comparison to males, females had lower LV myocardial fibrosis as well as lower fibrosis markers. Conclusions: Male and female rats exhibit qualitatively different cardiovascular remodeling after extreme exercise. Nevertheless, both sexes might develop exercise-induced adverse vascular and cardiac effects.

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Exercise-Induced Lactate Release Mediates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Hippocampus of Mice via Monocarboxylate Transporters

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.736905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jonghyuk Park ◽

Jimmy Kim ◽

Toshio Mikami

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

High Intensity ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Mtdna Copy Number ◽

Single Bout ◽

Extracellular Lactate ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

The Brain

Regular exercise training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). However, it remains unclear whether a single bout of exercise would increase mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain. Therefore, we first investigated whether mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus is affected by a single bout of exercise in mice. A single bout of high-intensity exercise, but not low- or moderate-intensity, increased hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number at 12 and 48h. These results depended on exercise intensity, and blood lactate levels observed immediately after exercise. As lactate induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain, we examined the effects of acute lactate administration on blood and hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration by in vivo microdialysis. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) lactate injection increased hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration to the same as blood lactate level, promoting PGC-1α mRNA expression in the hippocampus. However, this was suppressed by administering UK5099, a lactate transporter inhibitor, before lactate injection. I.P. UK5099 administration did not affect running performance and blood lactate concentration immediately after exercise but attenuated exercise-induced hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mtDNA copy number. In addition, hippocampal monocarboxylate transporters (MCT)1, MCT2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, except MCT4, also increased after high-intensity exercise, which was abolished by UK5099 administration. Further, injection of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor) into the hippocampus before high-intensity exercise suppressed glycogen consumption during exercise, but hippocampal lactate, PGC-1α, MCT1, and MCT2 mRNA concentrations were not altered after exercise. These results indicate that the increased blood lactate released from skeletal muscle may induce hippocampal mitochondrial biogenesis and BDNF expression by inducing MCT expression in mice, especially during short-term high-intensity exercise. Thus, a single bout of exercise above the lactate threshold could provide an effective strategy for increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus.

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Detraining Slows and Maintenance Training Over 6 Years Halts Parkinsonian Symptoms-Progression

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.737726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tibor Hortobágyi ◽

Dávid Sipos ◽

Gábor Borbély ◽

György Áfra ◽

Emese Reichardt-Varga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High Intensity ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Mixed Effects Modeling ◽

Maintenance Program ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Induced

Introduction: There are scant data to demonstrate that the long-term non-pharmaceutical interventions can slow the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms and lower drug dose in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: After randomization, the Exercise-only (E, n = 19) group completed an initial 3-week-long, 15-session supervised, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program designed to improve the postural stability. The Exercise + Maintenance (E + M, n = 22) group completed the 3-week program and continued the same program three times per week for 6 years. The no exercise and no maintenance control (C, n = 26) group continued habitual living. In each patient, 11 outcomes were measured before and after the 3-week initial exercise program and then, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months.Results: The longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling of each variable was fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for baseline and covariates. The exercise program strongly improved the primary outcome, Motor Experiences of Daily Living, by ~7 points and all secondary outcomes [body mass index (BMI), disease and no disease-specific quality of life, depression, mobility, and standing balance]. In E group, the detraining effects lasted up to 12 months. E+M group further improved the initial exercise-induced gains up to 3 months and the gains were sustained until year 6. In C group, the symptoms worsened steadily. By year 6, levodopa (L-dopa) equivalents increased in all the groups but least in E + M group.Conclusion: A short-term, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program improved the PD symptoms up to a year during detraining but the subsequent 6-year maintenance program was needed to further increase or sustain the initial improvements in the symptoms, quality of life, and drug dose.

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The Effect of Tribulus Terrestris Supplementation on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Performance of Recreational Runners: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-507103/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marzieh Nejati ◽

Parvin Dehghan ◽

Mostapha Khani

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Intensity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Double Blind ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Exercise Induced

Abstract Background: High intensity and endurance exercises lead to exercise-induced oxidative stress (EIOS), exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and inflammation, which are the influencing factors on muscle soreness, localized swelling, and sport performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Tribulus terrestris (TT) as an herbal supplement with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on the nutritional, oxidative stress, and anti/inflammatory status, as well as the sport performance of recreational runners.Methods/design: This study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which will be conducted among recreational runners of Tabriz stadiums, Iran. Thirty-four recreational runners will be selected, and participants will be assigned randomly to two groups: to receive 500 mg TT supplement or placebo capsules twice daily for two weeks. Both groups will do the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts during the study. Baseline and post-intervention body composition, muscle fatigue, and soreness parameters will be assessed. In addition, assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be done during three blood samplings.Discussion: This study will be the first to assess the potential effects of TT in recreational runners. Our results will contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding TT supplementation on the nutritional, oxidative stress, anti/inflammatory status and sport performance in recreational runners.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) (ID: IRCT20150205020965N8). Registration date: 13 February 2021.

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Feasibility analysis of yoga on sports fatigue recovery of Competitive Aerobics

Learning & Education ◽

10.18282/l-e.v9i4.1658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Tan ◽

ChengQing Tan

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Feasibility Analysis ◽

Yoga Practice ◽

Sports Training ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Fatigue Recovery

competitive aerobics is a group of difficult and beautiful sports with high intensity, high difficulty and remarkable competitiveness. With the strengthening of sports training and competition, sports fatigue occurs from time to time. Some researchers have proved that yoga has a positive effect on the recovery of exercise-induced fatigue through implementation, Through the method of literature, this paper finds that yoga practice is of great significance to the recovery training of sports fatigue, so it puts forward that yoga practice can be applied to the recovery training of sports fatigue in competitive aerobics.

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Lactate and BDNF: Key Mediators of Exercise Induced Neuroplasticity?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9041136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Patrick Müller ◽

Yves Duderstadt ◽

Volkmar Lessmann ◽

Notger G. Müller

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

High Intensity ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Potential Mediator ◽

Term Potentiation ◽

Lactate Levels ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Lactate Infusion ◽

Relationship Of

Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies supports the notion that physical exercise can enhance neuroplasticity and thus reduce the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia). However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of exercise induced neuroplasticity are still largely unknown. One potential mediator of exercise effects is the neurotrophin BDNF, which enhances neuroplasticity via different pathways (e.g., synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, long-term potentiation). Current research has shown that (i) increased peripheral lactate levels (following high intensity exercise) are associated with increased peripheral BDNF levels, (ii) lactate infusion at rest can increase peripheral and central BDNF levels and (iii) lactate plays a very complex role in the brain’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the role and relationship of lactate and BDNF in exercise induced neuroplasticity.

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High-intensity interval exercise increases humanin, a mitochondrial encoded peptide, in the plasma and muscle of men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00032.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 128 (5) ◽

pp. 1346-1354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jonathan S. T. Woodhead ◽

Randall F. D’Souza ◽

Christopher P. Hedges ◽

Junxiang Wan ◽

Michael V. Berridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

High Intensity ◽

Regulatory Peptides ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Exercise Induced

Small regulatory peptides encoded within the mitochondrial genome (mitochondrial-derived peptides) have been shown to have cellular cyto- and metabolo-protective roles that parallel those of exercise. Here we provide evidence that humanin and SHLP6 are exercise-sensitive mitochondrial derived peptides. Studies to determine whether mitochondrial-derived peptides play a role in regulating exercise-induced adaptations are warranted.

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Menopause Delays the Typical Recovery of Pre-Exercise Hepcidin Levels after High-Intensity Interval Running Exercise in Endurance-Trained Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123866 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3866

Author(s):

Víctor Alfaro-Magallanes ◽

Pedro Benito ◽

Beatriz Rael ◽

Laura Barba-Moreno ◽

Nuria Romero-Parra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

High Intensity ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

The Body ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Running Exercise ◽

Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽

High Intensity Interval

Menopause commonly presents the gradual accumulation of iron in the body over the years, which is a risk factor for diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular diseases. Running exercise is known to acutely increase hepcidin levels, which reduces iron absorption and recycling. As this fact has not been studied in postmenopausal women, this study investigated the hepcidin response to running exercise in this population. Thirteen endurance-trained postmenopausal women (age: 51.5 ± 3.89 years; height: 161.8 ± 4.9 cm; body mass: 55.9 ± 3.6 kg; body fat: 24.7 ± 4.2%; peak oxygen consumption: 42.4 ± 4.0 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a high-intensity interval running protocol, which consisted of 8 × 3 min bouts at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed with 90-second recovery. Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0, 3, and 24 hours post-exercise. As expected, hepcidin exhibited higher values at 3 hours post-exercise (3.69 ± 3.38 nmol/L), but also at 24 hours post-exercise (3.25 ± 3.61 nmol/L), in comparison with pre-exercise (1.77 ± 1.74 nmol/L; p = 0.023 and p = 0.020, respectively) and 0 hour post-exercise (2.05 ± 2.00 nmol/L; p = 0.021 and p = 0.032, respectively) concentrations. These differences were preceded by a significant increment of interleukin-6 at 0 hour post-exercise (3.41 ± 1.60 pg/mL) compared to pre-exercise (1.65 ± 0.48 pg/m, p = 0.003), 3 hours (1.50 ± 0.00 pg/mL, p = 0.002) and 24 hours post-exercise (1.52 ± 0.07 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Hepcidin peaked at 3 hours post-exercise as the literature described for premenopausal women but does not seem to be fully recovered to pre-exercise levels within 24 hours post-exercise, as it would be expected. This suggests a slower recovery of basal hepcidin levels in postmenopausal women, suggesting interesting applications in order to modify iron homeostasis as appropriate, such as the prevention of iron accumulation or proper timing of iron supplementation.

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HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE INDUCED STEMI

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(20)33073-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 2446

Author(s):

Steve Noutong Njapo ◽

Brittney Heard ◽

Mohamed Morsy

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced

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