Further insights into how low-light signaling delays leaf senescence in soybean under high- temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 104516
Author(s):  
George Bawa ◽  
Guopeng Chen ◽  
Jianyi Shi ◽  
Chen Ping ◽  
Lingyang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Low Light

scholarly journals Low Light/Darkness as Stressors of Multifactor-Induced Senescence in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Gad ◽  
Habiba ◽  
Xiangzi Zheng ◽  
Ying Miao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence

Leaf senescence, as an integral part of the final development stage for plants, primarily remobilizes nutrients from the sources to the sinks in response to different stressors. The premature senescence of leaves is a critical challenge that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop yields. Although low light causes losses of up to 50% and affects rice yield and quality, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Darkness-mediated premature leaf senescence is a well-studied stressor. It initiates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which have been implicated in chlorophyll breakdown and degradation. The molecular and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of premature leaf senescence show significant levels of redundant biomass in complex pathways. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of low-light/dark-induced senescence may be conducive to developing strategies for rice crop improvement. This review describes the recent molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with low-light response and dark-induced senescence (DIS), and their effects on plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, chloroplast and protein degradation, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation in rice.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of temperature and light on reattachment success in the brown alga Fucus radicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Ellen Schagerström ◽  
Tiina Salo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Fucus radicans is an endemic habitat-forming brown macroalga in the Baltic Sea that commonly complements its sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction in F. radicans takes place through formation of adventitious branches (hereafter fragments), but the exact mechanisms behind it remain unknown. We assessed experimentally the importance of two environmental factors determining the re-attachment success of F. radicans fragments. By combining different light conditions (daylength and irradiance; high or low light) and water temperature (+14°C and +4°C), we mimicked ambient light and temperature conditions of winter, spring/autumn and summer for F. radicans. Fragments were able to re-attach in all tested conditions. Temperature and light had an interactive impact on re-attachment: the combination of high temperature and high light level resulted in the highest re-attachment success, while light level had no effects on re-attachment success in cooler water temperature and the re-attachment success in high temperature under low light levels was very low. The results suggest that rhizoid formation, and thus re-attachment success, may depend on the net primary production (metabolic balance) of the fragment. However, whether the re-attachment and asexual reproduction success simply depends on photosynthetic capacity warrants further mechanistic studies. Understanding the mechanisms of asexual reproduction in F. radicans is important in order to assess the dispersal capacity of this foundation species.

The tillering pattern in barley varieties: II. The effect of temperature, light intensity and daylength on the frequency of occurrence of the coleoptile node and second tillers in barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYControlled-environment experiments showed that development of the coleoptile node tiller (T1) was suppressed much more than that of the tiller appearing in the axil of the first true leaf (T2) by high temperature (24/15 °C; 19/10 °C; 10/6 °C), by reduced photoperiod (16 h; 12·5 h) or by low light intensity (1100 ft-c; 1000 ft-c), but minimally in the newest variety, Deba Abed. Unlike previous field experiments, the T1 tiller appeared on more Spratt Archer than Maris Badger plants. Maris Badger plants produced more T1 tillers in a high-low temperature regime (19/10 °C; 10/6 °C) than in continuous low temperature (10/6 °C). In a field experiment T1 tiller number (and yield), but not the number of other major shoots, were severely reduced by late sowing of Spratt Archer, progressively reduced in Maris Badger, but minimally in Deba Abed. This seemed to be associated with higher temperatures at later sowings.

Heat stress in grain legumes during reproductive and grain-filling phases

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
The Impact

Thermal stress during reproductive development and grain-filling phases is a serious threat to the quality and productivity of grain legumes. The optimum temperature range for grain legume crops is 10−36°C, above which severe losses in grain yield can occur. Various climatic models have simulated that the temperature near the earth’s surface will increase (by up to 4°C) by the end of this century, which will intensify the chances of heat stress in crop plants. The magnitude of damage or injury posed by a high-temperature stress mainly depends on the defence response of the crop and the specific growth stage of the crop at the time of exposure to the high temperature. Heat stress affects grain development in grain legumes because it disintegrates the tapetum layer, which reduces nutrient supply to microspores leading to premature anther dehiscence; hampers the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates to grain, curtailing the grain-filling duration leading to low grain weight; induces poor pod development and fractured embryos; all of which ultimately reduce grain yield. The most prominent effects of heat stress include a substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate, disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and increased leaf senescence. To curb the catastrophic effect of heat stress, it is important to improve heat tolerance in grain legumes through improved breeding and genetic engineering tools and crop management strategies. In this review, we discuss the impact of heat stress on leaf senescence, photosynthetic machinery, assimilate translocation, water relations, grain quality and development processes. Furthermore, innovative breeding, genetic, molecular and management strategies are discussed to improve the tolerance against heat stress in grain legumes.

Ethylene production under high temperature stress causes premature leaf senescence in soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence ◽  
Ethylene Production Rate

Leaf senescence in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) occurs during the later stages of reproductive development and can be triggered or enhanced by high temperature (HT) stress. Ethylene production can trigger premature leaf senescence, but it is unclear whether HT stress produces ethylene and the subsequent influence on physiology and yield of soybean is also uncertain. We hypothesised that ethylene produced under HT stress is involved in premature leaf senescence and that use of an ethylene perception inhibitor would influence physiology and yield. Objectives of this study were to (1) quantify HT-stress-induced ethylene production; (2) quantify effects of HT stress and application of an ethylene perception inhibitor (1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP) on source strength traits such as photosynthetic rate, oxidant production, membrane damage and sugar accumulation; and (3) evaluate efficacy of 1-MCP on minimising HT-stress-induced effects on physiological and yield traits. Soybean plants were exposed to HT (38/28°C) or optimum temperature (OT, 28/18°C) for 14 days at the beginning of pod set. Plants at each temperature were treated with 1 μg L–1 1-MCP or left untreated (control). HT stress enhanced ethylene production rates in leaves and pods by 3.2- and 2.1-fold over OT. HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT. Application of 1-MCP decreased ethylene production rate and premature leaf senescence traits by enhancing the antioxidant defence system. HT stress decreased seed set percentage (18.6%), seed size (64.5%) and seed yield plant–1 (71.4%) compared with OT, however, foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control. The present study showed HT stress increased ethylene production rate, which triggered premature leaf senescence, whereas 1-MCP application reduced or postponed premature leaf senescence traits by inhibiting ethylene production.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Irradiance, and Temperature Influence Flowering of Hamelia patens (Texas Firebush)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Moderately High Temperature

Hamelia patens Jacq. (Texas firebush) is a long-day plant for flower initiation and flower development; however, flower development is more sensitive to photoperiod than is flower initiation. The critical photoperiod for flower development at 25C is between 12 and 16 hours. Flowering was delayed under low light conditions, and plant dry weight was heavier and flowering time was earlier for plants grown at a constant 25 or 30C than at 20C. A greenhouse environment with a 16-hour photoperiod and moderately high temperature (25C) would be appropriate for production of H. patens.

Cotton responses to different light–temperature regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROUSSOPOULOS ◽  
A. LIAKATAS ◽  
W. J. WHITTINGTON
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Temperature Regimes

A series of experiments investigating the interactive effects of light and temperature on vegetative growth, earliness, fruiting, yield and fibre properties in three cultivars of cotton, was undertaken in growth rooms. Two constant day/night temperature regimes with a difference of 4 °C (30/20 and 26/16·5 °C) were used throughout the growing season in combination with two light intensities (75 and 52·5 W m−2).The results showed that significant interactions occurred for most of the characters studied. Although the development of leaf area was mainly temperature-dependent, plants at harvest had a larger leaf area when high temperature was combined with low rather than with high light intensity. Leaf area was least in the low temperature–low light regime. However, the plants grown under the high temperature–low light combination weighed the least.Variations in the number of nodes and internode length were largely dependent on temperature rather than light. Light did, however, affect the numbers of branches, sympodia and monopodia. The first two of these were highest in the high light–high temperature regime and the third in the low light–low temperature regime.All other characters, except time to certain developmental stages and fibre length, were reduced at the lower light intensity. Variation in temperature modified the light effect and vice versa, in a character-dependent manner. More specifically, square and boll dry weights, as well as seed cotton yield per plant, were highest in high light combined with low temperature, where the most and heaviest bolls were produced. But flower production was favoured by high light and high temperature, suggesting increased boll retention at low temperature, especially when combined with low light. Low temperature and high light also maximized lint percentage.Fibres were shortest in the high temperature–high light regime, where fibre strength, micronaire index and maturity ratio were at a maximum. However, the finest and the most uniform fibres were produced when high light was combined with low temperature.Cultivar differences were significant mainly in leaf area and dry matter production at flowering.

The Effect of High Temperature on Kernel Development in Wheat: Variability Related to Pre-Heading and Post-Anthesis Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Australian Wheat

In wheat, mean temperatures greater than 15-18�C following anthesis can result in a decrease in kernel weight at maturity, and breeding for high temperature tolerance during kernel filling could provide a significant increase in yield in large parts of the Australian wheat belt. The response of kernel filling to high temperature, however, varies from planting to planting and this variation has been shown to be related to both pre-heading and post-anthesis conditions. Thus high temperature (27/22�C), or low light (50% shade) during ear development can reduce the response of the developing grain to high temperature (30/25�C) following anthesis. In contrast, low light during kernel filling enhances the response to high temperature, resulting in a relatively greater reduction in kernel size. The latter response suggests that the slightly greater sensitivity to high temperature of grains from plants allowed to tiller freely in comparison with the responses observed using single culms, may be related to differences in light penetration of the canopy. This variation in response to high temperature, although not appearing to change the order of tolerance across cultivars, can create difficulties in selecting for high temperature tolerance over a number of generations, and can account for the apparent low heritability (h2 = 0.2) of high temperature tolerance determined here from a cross between the cultivars Kalyansona and Pinnacle.

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