Associations of residential and occupational history with the distribution of persistent pollutants mixtures in adipose tissue samples

The gross mass, mean adipocyte volume, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities of blubber and internal adipose tissue were measured from fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) caught in the North Atlantic west of Iceland. Fin whale adipocytes are smaller but more numerous than predictions from allometric equations relating adipose tissue structure to body mass, but the deviations are no greater than those of some terrestrial mammals, including humans. Significant activity of the glycolytic enzymes was measured from all adipose tissue samples except those around the eyeball; the activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase measured at room temperature are only slightly lower in the blubber than in the internal adipose depots. There was little evidence for metabolic correlates of the site-specific differences in the structure and chemistry of blubber. The highest capacity for glucose utilization was measured in adipose tissue from depots in the neck and the thorax, both of which may contain thermogenic tissue in neonates.

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Complement Factor C3 Methylation and mRNA Expression Is Associated to BMI and Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9080410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 410 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽

Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽

Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia ◽

Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽

Manuel Castro-Cabezas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Complement Factor ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Obese Class

Epigenetic marks, and especially DNA methylation, are becoming an important factor in obesity, which could help to explain its etiology and associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue, now considered as an important endocrine organ, produces complement system factors. Complement component 3 (C3) turns out to be an important protein in metabolic disorders, via either inflammation or the C3 subproduct acylation stimulating protein (ASP) which directly stimulates lipid storage. In this study, we analyze C3 DNA methylation in adipose tissue from subjects with a different grade of obesity. Adipose tissue samples were collected from subjects with a different degree of obesity determined by their body mass index (BMI) as: Overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25 and <30), obese class 1/2 subjects (BMI ≥ 30 and <40) and obese class 3 subjects (BMI ≥ 40). C3 DNA methylation was measured for 7 CpGs by pyrosequencition using the Pyromark technology (Qiagen, Madrid Spain). C3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed by pre-designed Taqman assays (Applied biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and ASP/C3a was measured using a ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using the statistic package SPSS. C3 DNA methylation levels were lower in the morbid obese group. Accordingly, C3 methylation correlated negatively with BMI and leptin. However, C3 mRNA levels were more associated with insulin resistance, and positive correlations with insulin, glucose and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) existed. ASP correlated negatively with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. C3 methylation levels were associated to adiposity variables, such as BMI and leptin, while the C3 mRNA levels were associated to glucose metabolism.

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Follow up: palmitic acid ester of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and palmitic acid diester of 11-hydroxy-THC – unsuccessful search for additional THC metabolites

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy ◽

10.1515/dmpt-2020-0151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 199-203

Author(s):

Michael Kraemer ◽

Cornelius Hess ◽

Alexandra Maas ◽

Burkhard Madea ◽

Andras Bilkei-Gorzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Human Body ◽

Acid Ester ◽

Body Fluids ◽

The Body ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

A Site ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Objectives In a previous investigation we searched for the occurrence of palmitic acid ester compounds of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its primary metabolite 11-hydroxy-delta9-THC (11-OH-THC) in human body fluids and tissues (THC palmitic acid monoester [THC-Pal] and 11-OH-THC palmitic acid diester [11-OH-THC-DiPal]). As those esters could not be detected in various human body fluids (e.g. blood) or tissues (e.g. adipose tissue) we extended the investigation analyzing adipose tissue samples of mice previously given synthetic THC or a cannabis extract. Methods In total, 48 adipose tissue samples previously tested positive for THC by means of a liquid chromatographic triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (LC-QQQ-MS) method were analyzed for the presence of THC-Pal and 11-OH-THC-DiPal by means of LC-QQQ-MS. Results THC-Pal and 11-OH-THC-DiPal were not detected among the adipose tissue samples analyzed despite the presence of high THC concentrations within the adipose tissue. THC concentrations in adipose tissue were in a range of approximately 7–2,595 ng/g (median: 468 ng/g, average: 704 ng/g). Conclusions A (site-specific) synthesis of 11-OH-THC palmitic acid monoesters (11-hydroxy-delta9-THC-1-palmitate and 11-palmitoyloxy-delta9-THC) still remains to be done. After synthesis of these monoesters, their presence in the body fluids and tissues after THC administration should be investigated.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5543-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Ciganek ◽

J. Neca

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Vitreous Humour ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Pah Exposure ◽

Animal Exposure ◽

Kidney Liver

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

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Organohalogen Residues in Human Adipose Autopsy Samples from Six Ontario Municipalities

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/71.2.410 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 410-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David T Williams ◽

Guy L Lebel ◽

Elizabeth Junkins

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Male And Female

Abstract Human adipose tissue samples obtained during autopsies in 6 Canadian Great Lakes municipalities were analyzed for chlorobenzenes, polychlorobiphenyls, and organohalogen pesticide residues. The frequency of occurrence and the range and mean for 2JJ organohalogen residues are reported for male and female donors in each municipality. Overall mean residue values in females were significantly higher than those in males for hexachlorobenzen;, β-HCH, p,p'- DDE,»,/» -DDD + o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT. The means and ranges of residue values were similar to those reported in previous Canadian surveys.

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Association between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-33 and Immunometabolic Markers in Individuals with Varying Degrees of Glycemia

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2019/7901062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amal Hasan ◽

Shihab Kochumon ◽

Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽

Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽

Rasheed Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Chemokine Receptors ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Interleukin 33 ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Mediators Of Inflammation ◽

Novel Target ◽

Pr Domain ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), the ligand for the receptor ST2, is abundant in adipose tissue, including preadipocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in animal models. We determined whether adipose tissue IL-33 was associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as mediators of inflammation and immune regulation and beiging of adipose tissue, among individuals with varying degrees of glycemia. Materials and Methods. A total of 91 adults with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were isolated and mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and mediators involved in beiging of adipose tissue were measured. Results. Adipose tissue IL-33 was inversely associated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia and T2D but not in those with prediabetes and was inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose in individuals with T2D and with a better glycemic control. IL-33-to-ST2 ratio was inversely correlated with HbA1c in individuals with normoglycemia but not in those with prediabetes or T2D. IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) but inversely correlated with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 7 and CCL8 in individuals with normoglycemia. Similarly, IL-33 was directly associated with ST2, CD302, FGL2, PRDM16, and, additionally, toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and IL-12A in individuals with T2D. However, IL-33 was not associated with any of these mediators but was directly and strongly associated with TLR9 in individuals with prediabetes. Conclusions. IL-33 and/or IL-33/ST2 dynamics and biological functions may play a role in overall glycemia among humans and may represent a novel target by which glucose-lowering managements confer their beneficial effects.

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Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Liver and Adipose Tissues as Postmortem Markers for Ethanol Intake

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/47.4.722 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 722-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Raneem O Salem ◽

Majed A Refaai ◽

Joanne E Cluette-Brown ◽

Joshua W Russo ◽

Michael Laposata

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Ethanol Intake ◽

Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽

Ethyl Esters ◽

Ethanol Ingestion ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol. FAEEs are found in liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues up to 24 h after consumption of ethanol, and on that basis, they are potentially useful markers for ethanol intake. In this study with rats, we investigated the efficacy of using FAEEs in liver and in adipose tissue as postmortem markers for premortem ethanol ingestion. Methods: An animal study was conducted in which test rats received injections of ethanol and control rats received injections of normal saline. The rats were killed 2 h after the injections. The bodies of the animals were stored at 4 °C up to 12 h, and samples of liver and adipose tissues were collected at different time intervals and processed for FAEE quantification. In another set of experiments, the rats received injections and were killed as described above, but bodies of animals from both groups were stored at 4, 25, or 37 °C for up to 72 h, and liver samples were collected and processed for FAEE quantification. Results: FAEEs were detected up to 12 h after death in liver and adipose tissue samples from the bodies of ethanol-treated animals stored at 4 °C; negligible amounts were detected in the bodies of animals that received normal saline. Adipose tissues contained higher amounts of FAEEs than liver, as well as more species: eight FAEE species in adipose tissue and five in liver tissue. Higher concentrations of FAEEs were detected in livers of treated animals stored at 25 °C for up to 48 h than in livers of controls stored under the same conditions. Conclusions: For at least 12 h after death, FAEEs in liver and adipose tissues are useful postmortem markers of premortem ethanol ingestion.

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Vitamin D alleviates oxidative stress in adipose tissue and mesenteric vessels from obese patients with subclinical inflammation

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2019-0340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mihaela Ionica ◽

Oana M. Aburel ◽

Adrian Vaduva ◽

Alexandra Petrus ◽

Sonia Rațiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Active Form ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Tissue Samples

Obesity is an age-independent, lifestyle-triggered, pandemic disease associated with both endothelial and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction leading to cardiometabolic complications mediated via increased oxidative stress and persistent chronic inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress in VAT and vascular samples and the effect of in vitro administration of vitamin D. VAT and mesenteric artery branches were harvested during abdominal surgery performed on patients referred for general surgery (n = 30) that were randomized into two subgroups: nonobese and obese. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D were measured. Tissue samples were treated or not with the active form of vitamin D: 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L, 12 h). The main findings are that in obese patients, (i) a low vitamin D status was associated with increased inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species generation in VAT and vascular samples and (ii) in vitro incubation with vitamin D alleviated oxidative stress in VAT and vascular preparations and also improved the vascular function. We report here that the serum level of vitamin D is inversely correlated with the magnitude of oxidative stress in the adipose tissue. Ex vivo treatment with active vitamin D mitigated obesity-related oxidative stress.

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