Psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and personality among young men by sexual orientation

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
M. Dey ◽  
L. Soldati ◽  
M.G. Weiss ◽  
G. Gmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
The Past

AbstractPersonality and its potential role in mediating risk of psychiatric disorders and suicidality are assessed by sexual orientation, using data collected among young Swiss men (n = 5875) recruited while presenting for mandatory military conscription. Mental health outcomes were analyzed by sexual attraction using logistic regression, controlling for five-factor model personality traits and socio-demographics. Homo/bisexual men demonstrated the highest scores for neuroticism-anxiety but the lowest for sociability and sensation seeking, with no differences for aggression-hostility. Among homo/bisexual men, 10.2% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for major depression in the past 2 weeks, 10.8% for ADHD in the past 12 months, 13.8% for lifetime anti-social personality disorder (ASPD), and 6.0% attempted suicide in the past 12 months. Upon adjusting (AOR) for personality traits, their odds ratios (OR) for major depression (OR = 4.78, 95% CI 2.81–8.14; AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.80–2.65) and ADHD (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.31–3.58; AOR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.58–1.75) lost statistical significance, and the odds ratio for suicide attempt was halved (OR = 5.10, 95% CI 2.57–10.1; AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.16–5.02). There are noteworthy differences in personality traits by sexual orientation, and much of the increased mental morbidity appears to be accounted for by such underlying differences, with important implications for etiology and treatment.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
The World

SUMMARYAims – This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry. Method – In most cultures around the world, personality traits can be clearly summarized by the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which makes it feasible to compare cultures on personality and psychopathology. Results – Maturational patterns and sex differences in personality traits generally show cultural invariance, which generates the hypothesis that age of onset, clinical evolution, and sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders might follow similar universal patterns. The average personality profiles from 51 cultures show meaningful geographical distributions and associations with culture-level variables, but are clearly unrelated to national character stereotypes. Conclusions – Aggregate personality scores can potentially be related to epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, and dimensional personality models have implications for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment around the world.Declaration of Interest: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. Robert R. McCrae receives royalties from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

scholarly journals Changes in Sexual Orientation after Treatment for Prostate Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
L. Kurtz Almog ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexual Counseling ◽  
Antihormonal Treatment

Objective: According to the statistics, one in six men develops prostate cancer. There are several therapeutic options for prostate cancer. Anti-hormone therapy is one of treatment leading to an 80–90% remission. A significant percentage of men who received anti-hormonal treatment complain of decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. Similarly, these men may also suffer from hot flashes, weight gain, growth of [male] breast tissue (gynecomastia), lack of energy and initiative, depression and mental disorders. In this paper, I would like to present a therapeutic case of a man who received sexual counseling at the Israel Cancer Association, and who, upon receiving antihormonal treatment, changed his sexual orientation after having contracted prostate cancer. Design and Method: A series of meetings were conducted, encompassing an interview and sexual counseling. The Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) was used in order to evaluate the patient’s sexual orientation. Results: According to the GRID several parameters such as sexual attraction and sexual behavior were significantly different in the comparison between the past and the present. Parameters such as social preference and hetero/gay style did not change. The remaining results will be presented. Conclusions: Following an analysis of this case, it may be concluded that a person’s sexual orientation can change during his lifetime. The hypothesis is that a life-changing event such as cancer, including all the side effects of difficult antihormonal treatments, has the potential to evoke a change in the person’s overall experience and in his sexual experience in particular.

scholarly journals A case-control study on psychotropic substance use and risk of Axis I psychiatric disorders in HIV-infected gay or bisexual men in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Kei Krystal Lee ◽  
Kar Kin Albert Chung
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychotropic Substance ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Psychotropic substance use is common in HIV-infected gay or bisexual men (GBM). This study examined the association between Axis I psychiatric disorders and active psychotropic substance use, and identified factors affecting the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in HIV-infected GBM.Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study taken place in an HIV clinic and community organisations serving people living with HIV or GBM in Hong Kong. Participants were 62 HIV-infected self-identified GBM who reported psychotropic substance use in the past 1 year (cases), and 55 HIV-infected self-identified GBM without psychotropic substance use in the past 1 year and had negative toxicology tests at recruitment (controls).The Chinese-bilingual Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Axis I, Patient version) was followed to establish the psychiatric diagnoses. Socio-demographic data, level of social support, HIV-related data, and pattern of psychotropic substance use were collected. Results: Cases had lower level of social support (p=0.02), more depressive disorders (AOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-8.7, p=0.01) and psychotic disorders (AOR 7.2, 95% CI 1.2-41, p=0.03) but not anxiety disorders. Significant difference in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was only evident for disorders with onset after HIV diagnosis. Methamphetamine dependence (AOR 6.63, 95% CI 1.53-228.72, p<0.01), weekly methamphetamine use for 2 years or more (AOR 18.6, 95% CI 1.26-274.69, p=0.03), using methamphetamine beyond chemsex (AOR 4.76, 95% CI 1.17-19.41, p=0.03) were significant predictors for psychiatric disorders in the cases in separate logistic regression models. Duration of HIV diagnosis was a significant independent predictor in all three models. Conclusions: Active psychotropic substance use in HIV-infected gay or bisexual men was associated with a 3-fold increase in Axis I psychiatric disorders. This increase in psychiatric disorders was predicted by the severity, duration and context of methamphetamine use and the duration of HIV diagnosis.

Factor Analytic Support for the Five Factor Model

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G. C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
New Directions

The Five Factor Model (FFM) has risen to prominence over the past 50 years, and currently represents the most widely used structural model of personality attributes. By definition, the FFM is built upon a foundation of factor-analytic techniques. This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first, a methodological primer is provided for those who may be less familiar with factor analytic techniques. Second, the FFM and factor analysis are understood through a historical review, along with updated exemplars of contemporary techniques and applications to personality. Finally, several new directions in factor analytic research of the FFM are reviewed, including its application to psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric Disorders and Personality Styles in Mothers of Female Adolescent Patients with Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Rost ◽  
Viola Kappel ◽  
Harriet Salbach ◽  
Nora Schneider ◽  
Ernst Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Axis I

Abstract. Objective: To provide further insight into the presently poorly understood role of familial psychopathology in the development of eating disorders (ED). Method: The present study assesses psychiatric and personality disorders listed on Axis I and II of the DSM-IV in 27 mothers of adolescent patients with anorexia (AN mothers) and 14 bulimia nervosa (BN mothers) as well as 22 mentally healthy girls (CG mothers) on a categorical level. Furthermore, we conducted a dimensional diagnostic regarding personality styles and personality traits. Results: AN and BN mothers showed increased rates of Axis I disorders, especially affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders. Differences on Axis II did not reach statistical significance. However, BN mothers showed higher occurrences of paranoid, negativistic, and schizotypal personality styles compared to the other groups. BN mothers further showed higher occurrences than CG mothers of the personality traits excitability, aggressiveness, physical complaints, openness, and emotionality. AN mothers differed significantly from CG mothers on the scale demands. Conclusions: Increased occurrence of psychopathology on both categorical and dimensional levels in mothers of patients with AN and BN supports the assumption of a familial accumulation of psychopathology in ED. Longitudinal studies and genetic analyses should clarify a possible cause-effect relationship and interactions between familial dynamics and adolescent ED. Keywords: eating disorders, adolescent patients, mothers, psychiatric disorders, personality styles.

scholarly journals The typological approach to the risky behavior of adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mitrovic ◽  
S. Smederevac ◽  
S. Grujicic ◽  
Petar Colovic
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Main Research

The main research problem is focused on the following question: Is it possible to identify specific patterns of interaction between precipitating and protective factors for the risky behavior among adolescents. The research was conducted on the sample of 204 adolescents of both genders (18 to 20 years old). Specific personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics are manifested as the most important precipitating and/or protective factors for the risky behavior. The frame of reference for personality assessment was the alternative five-factor model (Zuckerman, 2002), specified in the ZKPQ-50-CC questionnaire, and consisted of the five biologically determined personality traits: activity, aggressiveness/hostility, impulsive sensation seeking, neuroticism/anxiety and sociability. Latent dimensions of the risky behavior: risky activities and life - conditions, were extracted by applying the homogeneity analyses (HOMALS). The matrix of squared Euclidean distances (in the common space of factor scores on the principal components of ZKPQ questionnaire, scores on HOMALS dimensions and school grades) was a subject of the Ward hierarchical cluster analysis method, extracting three clusters. According to the discriminant functions: risk proneness and pro-social activity, the clusters were identified: the group of pro-social oriented adolescents, the aloof group and the group of adolescents prone to risky behavior. The results have considerable implications for the prevention programs? development and implementation.

The genetic and environmental relationship between major depression and the five-factor model of personality

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality

BackgroundCertain personality traits have long been suspected to reflect an enduring vulnerability to major depression (MD) in part because of shared genetic risk factors. Although many have agreed that normative personality is well captured by the ‘Big-Five’ personality traits of Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N), to date genetically informative studies have only examined the relationship between MD and N and E.MethodQuestionnaires were completed on a website, yielding a sample of 44 112 subjects including both members of 542 same-sex twin pairs. Personality was measured by the Big Five Inventory. Structural modeling was performed by Mx.ResultsThree of the big-five personality traits – O, E and A – had small phenotypic associations with risk for MD and small genetic correlations. Two traits – N and C – had stronger phenotypic associations (positive for N and negative for C) with the following estimates of the genetic correlation with MD: +0.43 for N and −0.36 for C. N and C were moderately negatively correlated. Controlling for N reduced the genetic correlation between C and MD more than controlling for C reduced the genetic correlation between N and MD.ConclusionsA large proportion of the genetic risk for MD that is expressed via personality is captured by N, with a modest amount due to C, and small amounts from O, E and A.

scholarly journals Recent Pain Among Older Women and Men in the United States by Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 527-527
Author(s):  
Adena Galinsky ◽  
Karen Fredriksen Goldsen ◽  
James Dahlhamer ◽  
Tina Norris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Straight Women ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Pain is not only a result of other health problems but an independent condition that can negatively impact quality of life. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults report more pain compared to their straight counterparts when pain is measured in the aggregate (e.g. “one or more of the following types of pain”). However, scant national research has examined if specific types of pain vary by sexual orientation among older adults. Using 2015-2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, we used logistic regression to separately model four types of pain among women 50+ and men 50+ (lesbian/gay women: n=377, bisexual women: n=142, straight women: n=33,216; gay men: n=508, bisexual men: n=115, straight men: n=25,998) as functions of sexual orientation, controlling for age, race, education, and income. Lesbian women and bisexual men were more likely (AOR=1.46, 95% CI:1.03, 2.08; AOR=2.95, 95% CI:1.08, 3.79, respectively), but bisexual women were less likely (AOR=0.6, 95% CI:0.33, 1.05), than their straight counterparts to have had a migraine or severe headache in the past three months. Bisexual men were also more likely than straight men to report lower back pain in the past three months (AOR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.72). Sexual minority women were more likely than straight women to report joint pain in the past 30 days and lower back pain in the past three months. Future research may examine why the prevalence of specific types of pain vary by sexual orientation among older adults.

scholarly journals The role of personality traits, sociocultural factors, and body dissatisfaction in anorexia readiness syndrome in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Rymarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Sociocultural Pressure

Abstract Background The mass media promote certain standards of physical attractiveness. The media coverage, in interaction with body dissatisfaction and personality traits, may intensify specified behaviors in women, that should help them to obtain an ideal body image, e.g., excessive concentration on body image, weight control, increase in physical activity. The intensification of these behaviors can develop anorexia readiness syndrome (ARS) in women. The paper presents a study on the role of the Five-Factor Model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and intellect/openness), sociocultural factors (internalization, sociocultural pressure, information seeking), and body dissatisfaction in anorexia readiness syndrome. Methods The study involved 1533 Polish women aged 18–36 (M = 22.51, SD = 2.41). The participants completed the online version of the set of questionnaires. The link to the study was shared in social media groups. Personality dimensions were measured with the BFI, sociocultural factors were evaluated by means of the SATAQ-3, the degree of body dissatisfaction was assessed with the BIQ, while ARS was measured using five self-reported items referring to specific behaviors from TIAE. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed internalization, sociocultural pressure, and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors of ARS. While neuroticism was correlated with ARS, it lost its predictive value after entering body dissatisfaction in the regression model. Conclusions The factors associated with ARS were (1) neuroticism among personality traits, (2) internalization and pressure from sociocultural norms among sociocultural attitudes, and (3) body dissatisfaction. The key finding is the absence of statistical significance for neuroticism in predicting ARS after including body dissatisfaction. In future research, the group of men and patients with anorexia nervosa can be included, and the age range can be extended to include younger people. The catalog of potential ARS predictors may be expanded, which can help to explain the role of neuroticism in ARS.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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