scholarly journals The role of personality traits, sociocultural factors, and body dissatisfaction in anorexia readiness syndrome in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Rymarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Sociocultural Pressure

Abstract Background The mass media promote certain standards of physical attractiveness. The media coverage, in interaction with body dissatisfaction and personality traits, may intensify specified behaviors in women, that should help them to obtain an ideal body image, e.g., excessive concentration on body image, weight control, increase in physical activity. The intensification of these behaviors can develop anorexia readiness syndrome (ARS) in women. The paper presents a study on the role of the Five-Factor Model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and intellect/openness), sociocultural factors (internalization, sociocultural pressure, information seeking), and body dissatisfaction in anorexia readiness syndrome. Methods The study involved 1533 Polish women aged 18–36 (M = 22.51, SD = 2.41). The participants completed the online version of the set of questionnaires. The link to the study was shared in social media groups. Personality dimensions were measured with the BFI, sociocultural factors were evaluated by means of the SATAQ-3, the degree of body dissatisfaction was assessed with the BIQ, while ARS was measured using five self-reported items referring to specific behaviors from TIAE. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed internalization, sociocultural pressure, and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors of ARS. While neuroticism was correlated with ARS, it lost its predictive value after entering body dissatisfaction in the regression model. Conclusions The factors associated with ARS were (1) neuroticism among personality traits, (2) internalization and pressure from sociocultural norms among sociocultural attitudes, and (3) body dissatisfaction. The key finding is the absence of statistical significance for neuroticism in predicting ARS after including body dissatisfaction. In future research, the group of men and patients with anorexia nervosa can be included, and the age range can be extended to include younger people. The catalog of potential ARS predictors may be expanded, which can help to explain the role of neuroticism in ARS.

scholarly journals Can Parental Body Dissatisfaction Predict That of Children? A Study on Body Dissatisfaction, Body Mass Index, and Desire to Diet in Children Aged 9–11 and Their Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Solano-Pinto ◽  
Yolanda Sevilla-Vera ◽  
Raquel Fernández-Cézar ◽  
Dunia Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Healthy Habits

Body image has been associated with self-care and the assumption of either healthy habits or poor diets and eating disorders. As a vital element in the formation of a positive body image, the role of the family in childhood has been highlighted by a few studies. This study aimed to assess whether children’s body dissatisfaction could be predicted by their parents’ body dissatisfaction, body mass index (BMI), and approach to change. The sample consisted of 581 participants (366 parents and 215 children). The following instruments were used: anthropometric data, the Brief Scale of Body Dissatisfaction for Children, the IMAGE questionnaire (approach to change and drive for muscularity subscales), and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness subscales). The results indicated that 19% of children, 22.8% of mothers, and 70.2% of fathers were overweight or obese. The multiple regression models developed for boys and girls explained 60 and 57% of the variance in body dissatisfaction, respectively. Several variables attributable to the mother (higher approach to change, higher drive for thinness, and higher BMI) and to the boys themselves (drive for muscularity, approach to change, and having a high BMI percentile) predicted a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For girls, only variables regarding themselves (approach to change, age, and BMI percentile) explained their body dissatisfaction. Relationships with the traits of the father were not detected for both models. The influence of sociocultural factors on the construction of gender and the negative consequences of mothers’ dieting for aesthetic purposes, on the development of children’s body image, are discussed.

A-175 Personality as a Proxy for Positive Effort: The Role of Grit, Need for Cognition, and Extraversion in Problem-Solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1230
Author(s):  
Nanako A Hawley ◽  
Melissa Myers ◽  
Jasmin Pizer ◽  
Murphy Harrell ◽  
Benjamin D Hill
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Significant Positive Association

Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the effect of personality traits on a simple problem-solving test of intelligence. Method The sample consisted of 82 undergraduates. Participants completed an online battery that included an open source Five Factor Model measure (IPIP FFM), Grit scale, Need for Cognition (NFC) scale, and the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). CRT is a simple 3 question test of intelligence. An interaction variable for positive effort was created by multiplying the total raw scores for the Grit and NFC scales (Grit x NFC). Correlations were conducted between the Grit x NFC, IPIP FFM, and the CRT total score. Scales that significantly correlated with CRT total score were entered into a regression model. Results Pearson correlations revealed a significant positive association between Grit x NFC and CRT performance, (r = 0.240, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was also found between IPIP FFM Extraversion factor and CRT performance (r = 0.230, p < 0.05). A regression model found that Grit x NFC and IPIP FFM Extraversion accounted for 9.2% of the variance in CRT total scores, (R2 = 0.092, F(1,82) = 3.92, p = 0.024). When examined individually, no individual predictors were significant. Conclusion These findings suggest that personality traits that reflect positive effort such as Grit and NFC as well as other personality features influence performance on problem-solving bases measures of intelligence. Future research should examine these findings in a larger sample with a broader array of cognitive measures to quantify the role of positive effort in cognitive performance.

scholarly journals La Personalidad como predictora de dificultades cotidianas en la adolescencia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Susana Molina Martín ◽  
Mercedes Inda Caro ◽  
Carmen María Fernández García
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Poor Body Image

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este trabajo han sido: estudiar la adecuación de los datos al modelo de cinco factores e identificar rasgos de personalidad en adolescentes que manifiestan tener diversas problemáticas. Para ello se utilizaron dos instrumentos de evaluación, el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Adolescentes (16PF-APQ) y el Cuestionario Autoaplicado de Síntomas (CAS), que se administraron a ciento ocho estudiantes de último curso de educación obligatoria. Los resultados señalan que la muestra se adecua al modelo de cinco factores y que hay rasgos de personalidad que parecen explicar mejor o predecir la presencia de ciertas problemáticas en la adolescencia. ABSTRACT The aim of this research is twofold. Firstly, it studies the adjustment of the data with the five-factor model. Secondly, it intends to describe and identify personality traits in adolescents who have manifested different problems in their daily life. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (16PF-APQ) and the Adolescents Self-report of Symptoms (C.A.S.). This last one is based on Rogers, Bagby and Dickens’ instrument, Structured Interview Re- ported Symptoms (1990, 1991, 1992). These tests were administered to a sample of a hundred and eight students who were in their last year of compulsory secondary education. The results of the study suggest that the sample fits with the five factor model and that there are some personality traits that seem to explain the existence of life’s difficulties (questions concerning matters of anger or aggression, discouragement, worry, poor body image, alcohol or drugs, overall trouble, familiar context, scholar context and strategies coping). All the already mentioned results allow us to formulate certain indications or suggestions which would need to be taken into account in future research.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction in Portuguese adolescents: obesity, sports activity and TV watching

Motricidade ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Maria Rocha Teles de Castro Coelho ◽  
Sandra Celina Fernandes Fonseca ◽  
Graça Sofia Monteiro Pinto ◽  
Maria Isabel Martins Mourão-Carvalhal
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Tv Watching ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

<p>This cross-sectional study intended to determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and associated factors in Portuguese adolescents (N=529, 10-18 years, 53.7% male and 46.3% female). The prevalence of body dissatisfaction (estimated through Collins's silhouettes) was 58%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the variables associated were: obesity, watch TV over 2 hours/day and practice sport activities 4 or more days/week. In male, obesity and watch TV over 2 hours/day were related to body dissatisfaction and among female only obesity had statistical significance. It is necessary to considered different public health interventions for men and women in order to reduce this high body image dissatisfaction.</p>

scholarly journals Emotional Expression of #body on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512092477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clelia Malighetti ◽  
Simona Sciara ◽  
Alice Chirico ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Image Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Emotional Model ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Program Interface

Our aim was to explore emotions in Instagram images marked with hashtags referring to body image–related components using an artificial intelligence–based discrete emotional analysis. A total of 500 Instagram photos marked by specific hashtags related to body image components were analyzed and specific discrete emotions expressed in each picture were detected using the Emotion application program interface API from Microsoft Azure Cognitive Service. Results showed that happiness and neutrality were the most intense and recognizable emotions expressed in all images. Happiness intensity was significantly higher in images with #bodyimage and #bodyconfidence and higher levels of neutral emotion were found in images tagged with #body, #bodyfitness, and #thininspirational. This study integrated a discrete emotional model with the conventional dimensional one, and offered a higher degree of granularity in the analysis of emotions–body link on Instagram through an artificial intelligence technology. Future research should deepen the use of discrete emotions on Instagram and the role of neutrality in body image representation.

scholarly journals Characterizing Body Image Distortion and Bodily Self-Plasticity in Anorexia Nervosa via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Provenzano ◽  
Giuseppina Porciello ◽  
Sofia Ciccarone ◽  
Bigna Lenggenhager ◽  
Gaetano Tieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Distortion ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Original Weight

We combined virtual reality and multisensory bodily illusion with the aim to characterize and reduce the perceptual (body overestimation) and the cognitive-emotional (body dissatisfaction) components of body image distortion (BID) in anorexia nervosa (AN). For each participant (20 anorexics, 20 healthy controls) we built personalized avatars that reproduced their own body size, shape, and verisimilar increases and losses of their original weight. Body overestimation and dissatisfaction were measured by asking participants to choose the avatar that best resembled their real and ideal body. Results show higher body dissatisfaction in AN, caused by the desire of a thinner body, and no body-size overestimation. Interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) was then applied on the avatar reproducing participant’s perceived body, and on the two avatars which reproduced increases and losses of 15% of it, all presented with a first-person perspective (1PP). Embodiment was stronger after synchronous IMS in both groups, but did not reduce BID in participants with AN. Interestingly, anorexics reported more negative emotions after embodying the fattest avatar, which scaled with symptoms severity. Overall, our findings suggest that the cognitive-emotional, more than the perceptual component of BID is severely altered in AN and that perspective (1PP vs. 3PP) from which a body is evaluated may play a crucial role. Future research and clinical trials might take advantage of virtual reality to reduce the emotional distress related to body dissatisfaction.

scholarly journals Role of Genetic Variation in ABC Transporters in Breast Cancer Prognosis and Therapy Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9556
Author(s):  
Viktor Hlaváč ◽  
Radka Václavíková ◽  
Veronika Brynychová ◽  
Renata Koževnikovová ◽  
Katerina Kopečková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Sequences

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world. The role of germline genetic variability in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer chemoresistance and prognosis still needs to be elucidated. We used next-generation sequencing to assess associations of germline variants in coding and regulatory sequences of all human ABC genes with response of the patients to the neoadjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy and disease-free survival (n = 105). A total of 43 prioritized variants associating with response or survival in the above testing phase were then analyzed by allelic discrimination in the large validation set (n = 802). Variants in ABCA4, ABCA9, ABCA12, ABCB5, ABCC5, ABCC8, ABCC11, and ABCD4 associated with response and variants in ABCA7, ABCA13, ABCC4, and ABCG8 with survival of the patients. No association passed a false discovery rate test, however, the rs17822931 (Gly180Arg) in ABCC11, associating with response, and the synonymous rs17548783 in ABCA13 (survival) have a strong support in the literature and are, thus, interesting for further research. Although replicated associations have not reached robust statistical significance, the role of ABC transporters in breast cancer should not be ruled out. Future research and careful validation of findings will be essential for assessment of genetic variation which was not in the focus of this study, e.g., non-coding sequences, copy numbers, and structural variations together with somatic mutations.

The role of body image in appearance-related cosmetic procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
Abigail Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Patient Expectations ◽  
Motivating Factors

The popularity of cosmetic procedures appears to be on the rise. While this may be the outcome of many factors, including the increasing availability, accessibility and affordability of such procedures, the important and influential role of body image and levels of body dissatisfaction as potentially motivating factors requires attention. This article will discuss the role of body image in appearance-related cosmetic procedures and its implications for patient expectations and outcomes among women.

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