Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole Intramuscular as Maintenance Treatment in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia

IntroductionPatients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, require long-term anti-psychotic treatment, which provide, in addition to adequate efficacy both positive and negative symptoms, a good safety and tolerability profile that would ensure adequate adherence to prevent relapse.ObjectivesTo analyze the efficacy, tolerability and therapeutic adherence over a year after the introduction of aripiprazole depot in patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia previously treated with other oral or depot anti-psychotics [1,2,3].MethodsOne-year prospective longitudinal study with a sample size of 23 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment. Study variables (baseline, 6 and 12 months): Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), clinical global impression (CGI), mean dose of aripiprazole depot, previous treatments, adherence, relapse rate, prolactin levels, sexual dysfunction, BMIs.ResultsTwenty-three patients (71% men, 29% women) diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia were identified. Improvement was obtained in the different study variables with statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsFollowing the introduction of aripiprazole depot in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia previously treated with other oral or depot anti-psychotics in our study, we conclude that maintaining therapeutic efficacy a better tolerability and safety profile, better therapeutic adherence and consequently lower relapse rate were achieved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Longitudinal electrophysiological study of auditory pathway in small for gestational age infants

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/201420140042 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 294-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosanna Giaffredo Angrisani ◽

Edna Maria Albuquerque Diniz ◽

Ruth Guinsburg ◽

Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro ◽

Marisa Frasson de Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Electrophysiological Study ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Third ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

PURPOSE: To follow the maturation of the auditory pathway of infants born small for gestational age term, by studying absolute and interpeak latencies of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in the first six months of life.METHODS: Multicentric prospective longitudinal study. The ABR was carried out in the neonatal period in 96 newborn infants, 49 small for gestational age (SGA) and 47 appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Of these, 77 infants (39 SGA and 38 AGA) returned for a second evaluation. In the third evaluation, 70 infants (35 SGA and 35 AGA) returned.RESULTS: SGA and AGA did not present significant differences in the neonatal period and at three months of life. However, at six months, there was statistical significant difference between SGA and AGA groups for the latencies of wave III and interpeak I-III. Latencies of ABR waves decreased more rapidly in the first three months than the third to the sixth month of life for the SGA. AGA group showed progressive decrease in latency of ABR waves during the six months.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that, for SGA infants, the maturational process of the auditory pathway occurs in different rate when compared to AGA infants. The SGA infants have faster maturation especially at the first three months of life, while in infants AGA, this process occurred in a constant and gradual way throughout the six months studied.

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A Five Year Longitudinal Study of the Educational Environment in a Newly Integrated Medical Curriculum

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2019.19.04.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Syed I. Shehnaz

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Educational Environment ◽

Traditional Curriculum ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Course Of Study

Objectives: The College of Medicine at Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, United Arab Emirates, was subjected to a curricular reform, which shifted the institution from a traditional curriculum to a hybrid, studentcentred, integrated curriculum. There are no previous studies analysing the consequences of such a curricular modification on the educational environment (EE). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the EE of a pioneer cohort of the innovative curriculum over their five-year course of study. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between September 2009 and September 2013 at the College of Medicine. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire was completed by a pioneer cohort of students at the start of each academic session for five consecutive years. The mean overall, subscale and individual statement scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-rank sum tests. Results: A total of 178 responses were collected (response rate: 90.4%). The mean overall score throughout the five years of study was 130/200. A significant difference in the scores (P <0.05) was observed as the students proceeded through the course. The overall and subscale scores were significantly higher in the first and final years of study. Analysis of the statements recognised the medical knowledge of the teachers’ and students’ awareness of empathy and social interactions as persistent strengths of the college over the entire course of study. A curricular overload, a want for support systems for stressed students, students’ waning interest levels and assessment strategies emerged as areas that warranted further attention. Conclusion: The pioneer cohort of the new curriculum rated their EE as positive throughout their five years of study at GMU. An examination of individual statements revealed the programme’s strengths and areas for improvement for the institution.Keywords: Curriculum; Environment; Longitudinal Study; Medical Students; Perception; Undergraduate Medical Education; United Arab Emirates.

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Thiamin status of premature infants assessed by measurement of thiamin diphosphate in whole blood

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512004357 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (12) ◽

pp. 2182-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert W. Körner ◽

Carsten Müller ◽

Bernhard Roth ◽

Anne Vierzig

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Thiamin Diphosphate ◽

Thiamin Deficiency ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demographical Data ◽

The University ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Premature infants constitute a risk group for thiamin deficiency but only little is known about their thiamin status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thiamin status of premature infants by determination of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) and to identify risk factors for low TDP concentrations. In a prospective, longitudinal study TDP was determined by HPLC in whole blood in the first days of life and approximately every 2 weeks. Demographical data, weight gain, type of nutrition and thiamin intake were recorded. A total of 111 premature infants were included at the Children's Hospital of the University of Cologne, Germany from May 2009 until December 2010 and 222 blood samples were analysed. TDP concentrations showed an age-dependent decline (age 0–10 d, mean TDP = 110·6 ng/ml; age 11–20 d, mean TDP = 95·4 ng/ml; age 21–103 d, mean TDP = 33·6 ng/ml). There was no significant difference between males and females. Young gestational age and low birth weight were associated with low TDP concentrations. No infant was diagnosed with thiamin deficiency. The current nutritional regimen in our hospital did not lead to thiamin deficiency in the study cohort. Further research is required to evaluate how TDP concentrations are regulated in premature infants.

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Comparison of anthropometric indices for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese adults: a prospective, longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e016062 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Haoyu Wang ◽

Aihua Liu ◽

Tong Zhao ◽

Xun Gong ◽

Tianxiao Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Volume Index ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesOur study aimed to distinguish the ability of anthropometric indices to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingShenyang, China.ParticipantsA total of 379 residents aged between 40 and 65 were enrolled. 253 of them were free of MetS and had been followed up for 4.5 years.MethodsAt baseline, all the participants underwent a thorough medical examination. A variety of anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index, body roundness index, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio and visceral adiposity index (VAI). After 4.5 year follow-up, we re-examined whether participants were suffering from MetS. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to examine the potential of the above indices to identify the status and risk of MetS.OutcomesOccurrence of MetS.ResultsAt baseline, 33.2% participants suffered from MetS. All of the anthropometric indices showed clinical significance, and VAI was superior to the other indices as it was found to have the largest area under the ROC curve. After a 4.5 year follow-up, 37.8% of men and 23.9% of women developed MetS. ROC curve analysis suggested that baseline BMI was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (0.77 (0.68–0.85)), and AVI was the strongest for women (0.72 (0.64–0.79)). However, no significant difference was observed between WC and both indices. In contrast, the baseline ABSI did not predict MetS in both genders.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that these different indices derived from anthropometric parameters have different discriminatory abilities for MetS. Although WC did not have the largest area under the ROC curve for diagnosing and predicting MetS, it may remain a better index of MetS status and risk because of its simplicity and wide use.

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Blood group and Human Leucocyte Antigen sub-type as determinants to keloid formation and Recurrence in Keloid Patients; A prospective longitudinal cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-421812/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ferdinand Nangole ◽

Kelsey Ouyang ◽

George Agak ◽

Julius Ogeng'o ◽

Anzala Omu

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Surgical Conditions ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract The role of genetic factors in keloid is a firmed by the fact that keloids have been shown to occur among members of the same family.. We undertook this study to determine whether there is any association between patients’ bloodgroup and HLA sub-types to keloids and keloid recurrence. This was a prospective longitudinal study of patients with keloids and a control of patients managed for other surgical conditions with no keloids. Blood was taken from each patient and analysed for blood group and HLA sub-types using the sequence specific primer geno-typing. Data captured were summarized and analysed using students T-test to compare means. Probability values significance was at 0.05. A total of 90 patients with keloids and 59 in a control group were followed up in the study. The male to female ratio of the patients was 2:1. The most common blood group for both groups was blood group O at 51.3% and 49.2%, followed by blood group A and B respectively. Patients with keloids had a significantly higher positive alleles with DQA*01, DQB1*05, DQB1*06 and DRB1*15. There was an association between blood group A and DQB1*06 and recurrence. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that there is significant difference in HLA sub-types among patients who form keloids and the non-keloid forming patients among our study cohorts. Salient differences were also noted in patients with keloid recurrence based on their blood group, a pointer to the significance of genetic factors in keloid pathogenesis and severity.

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Influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle of adult females: A prospective longitudinal study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/121814-922.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peipei Duan ◽

Wenwen Qu ◽

Shujuan Zou ◽

Yangxi Chen ◽

Hui Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Adult Women ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Menstrual Cycles ◽

Adult Females ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Accompanying Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle, including menstrual cycle length (MCL) and duration of menstrual bleeding (DMB), in adult female patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Chengdu, China. A total of 164 adult women with normal menstrual cycles were recruited in the study, with 79 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and 85 serving as controls. Data of MCL, DMB, and accompanying symptoms were collected over six consecutive menstrual cycles in each participant. Student’s t test, Chi-square test, Moses extreme reaction test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MCL of the first menstrual cycle (T1) was significantly elongated by 2.1 ± 0.5 days compared with baseline (P = .003, 95% CI [−3.7, −0.5]). Variability of MCL of the orthodontic group at T1 was also significantly greater (range, 15–46 days) than that of the control group (range, 24–36 days) (P < .05). No significant difference in MCL was found in the subsequent five menstrual cycles (T2–T6) compared with baseline, and no significant differences in DMB or other accompanying symptoms were observed throughout the study. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment may influence the MCL of adult females in the first month after bonding, but showed no effect on DMB or subsequent MCL through the follow-ups.

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Evaluation of body image, quality of life, tactile sensitivity and pain in women with breast cancer submitted to surgical intervention

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.530 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 530-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juliana Nishimura Bueno ◽

Cinira Assad Simão Haddad ◽

Samantha Karlla Lopes De Almeida Rizzi ◽

Patricia Santolia Giron ◽

Gil Facina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Body Image ◽

Image Perception ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eortc Qlq C30 ◽

Eortc Qlq ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

SUMMARY Breast cancer is one of the most common types of tumor in the world and the most common among women. There are several treatments for breast cancer; however, the condition often can be accompanied by severe complications in a woman's life. OBJECTIVE: o evaluate and compare body image perception, quality of life, tenderness, and pain in women with breast cancer during preoperative and postoperative periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study. The patients answered the questionnaire “How I relate to my own body”, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23. We assessed upper limb and breast sensitivity with an esthesiometer. Patients were questioned about the presence and level of pain on a scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: For body image, it was possible to observe a significant difference between pre and postoperative at 30 days. There were changes in some areas of the EORTC QLQ C30 and EORTC QLQ BR23 questionnaires, such as arm and breast symptoms, social function, constipation, sexual function and satisfaction, among others. For evaluation of breast and axilla sensitivity and assessment of pain, all postoperative periods showed significant differences when compared to the preoperative period. The sensitivity of the inner region of the arm presented no significant change. CONCLUSION: The difference found in the study shows that evaluations on all scales should be done in several periods, using a proper treatment for the changes and individuality of each patient.

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Psychological stress and burnout in medical students: a five-year prospective longitudinal study

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107689809100502 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

E Guthrie ◽

D Black ◽

H Bagalkote ◽

C Shaw ◽

M Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical Training ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Psychological Morbidity ◽

First Year ◽

Undergraduate Training ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of this study was to assess psychological morbidity and symptoms of burnout in medical students during their undergraduate training, and to identify baseline factors that predict psychological morbidity in students in the final year of the course. It was a 5-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. Students were assessed in years 1, 4 and 5 of their medical undergraduate training by means of the GHQ-12 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. 172 (84.3%), 157 (77.0%) and 155 (75.9%) students out of an original group of 204 completed assessments in years 1, 4 and 5, respectively. 18 students were above threshold on the GHQ-12 on all three occasions, 25 on two occasions and 43 on one occasion; 69 students were never a ‘case’. Students who were cases on two or more occasions were more likely to find the medical course stressful during the first year, but not subsequent years. There was no significant difference between the percentages of men and women who scored as cases on the GHQ-12 in any of the years. The best predictor of psychological morbidity in the final year of the course was the GHQ-12 score in year 1. This study suggests that a small group of students repeatedly experience psychological distress during their medical training.

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Specific Measures of Executive Function Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617711001524 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 118-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Lindsay R. Clark ◽

Dawn M. Schiehser ◽

Gali H. Weissberger ◽

David P. Salmon ◽

Dean C. Delis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Switching Condition ◽

Interference Test ◽

Design Fluency ◽

Spatial Fluency ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractDecline in executive function has been noted in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may presage more global cognitive declines. In this prospective longitudinal study, five measures of executive function were used to predict subsequent global cognitive decline in initially nondemented older adults. Of 71 participants, 15 demonstrated significant decline over a 1-year period on the Dementia Rating Scale (Mattis, 1988) and the remaining participants remained stable. In the year before decline, the decline group performed significantly worse than the no-decline group on two measures of executive function: the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT; inhibition/switching condition) and Verbal Fluency (VF; switching condition). In contrast, decliners and non-decliners performed similarly on measures of spatial fluency (Design Fluency switching condition), spatial planning (Tower Test), and number-letter switching (Trail Making Test switching condition). Furthermore, the CWIT inhibition-switching measure significantly improved the prediction of decline and no-decline group classification beyond that of learning and memory measures. These findings suggest that some executive function measures requiring inhibition and switching provide predictive utility of subsequent global cognitive decline independent of episodic memory and may further facilitate early detection of dementia. (JINS, 2012, 18, 118–127)

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Microaneurysm Turnover in Mild Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy is Associated with Progression and Development of Vision-Threatening Complications: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2142

Author(s):

Ana Rita Santos ◽

Luis Mendes ◽

Maria Helena Madeira ◽

Ines P. Marques ◽

Diana Tavares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Predictive Biomarker ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Analysis of retinal microaneurysm turnover (MAT) has been previously shown to contribute to the identification of eyes at risk of developing clinically significant complications associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We propose to further characterize MAT as a predictive biomarker of DR progression and development of vision-threatening complications. Methods: 212 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; ETDRS grades 20 and 35) were evaluated annually in a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study, by color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Endpoints were diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative retinopathy (PDR). MAT analysis included determination of MA formation and disappearance rates, automatically assessed using the RetMarkerDR®. Retinopathy severity progression was evaluated using step increases in ETDRS severity levels. Results: Of the 212 individuals, 172 completed the 5-year follow-up study or developed an endpoint (n = 27). MAT calculated at 1 year showed a significant difference between groups of endpoint developments (p = 0.018), particularly MA disappearance rate (p = 0.007). MAT also showed a significant difference between eyes with different ETDRS severity progression in the 5-year period (p = 0.035). Conclusions: MAT is an indicator of the development of DME and/or PDR as well as of DR severity progression in T2D individuals with mild retinopathy.

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