On the use of IRMS in forensic science: Proposals for a methodological approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Gentile ◽  
Luc Besson ◽  
Diego Pazos ◽  
Olivier Delémont ◽  
Pierre Esseiva
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Methodological Approach

scholarly journals Methodological analysis of military forensic science

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 388-399
Author(s):  
P. Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Military Science ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
Evolutionary Paths ◽  
Logical Result

Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in  implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency  of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Examination Methodologies: A Crucial Institutional Component of Forensic Science in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Marina V. Zhizhina
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The Russian Federation

A unified methodological approach is critical to obtaining objective and scientifically sound results in forensic practice. Such an approach ensures that different practitioners working with the same physical evidence will obtain comparable results. This, in turn, guarantees that the most important principles of forensic science are upheld, namely, that examinations are conducted objectively, comprehensively and exhaustively, with the possibility of further verification of reliability and validity of the expert’s conclusions.In this regard, standardization and harmonization of scientific methodologies supporting forensic operations are the cornerstone of the reform of the modern institution of forensic science in the Russian Federation, as well as an integral part of the judicial reform. The current state of methodological support in the system of state and non-state forensic science organizations in Russia is analyzed. The author presents the case for mandatory certification of forensic methods and proposes a range of measures to advance the harmonization of forensic methodologies in forensic practice. 

Sem/X-Ray Applications to the Forensic Science Field

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
K. Culbreth
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Science Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Scanning Electron

The introduction of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to forensic science has provided additional methods by which investigative evidence can be analyzed. The importance of evidence from the scene of a crime or from the personal belongings of a victim and suspect has resulted in the development and evaluation of SEM/x-ray analysis applications to various types of forensic evidence. The intent of this paper is to describe some of these applications and to relate their importance to the investigation of criminal cases.The depth of field and high resolution of the SEM are an asset to the evaluation of evidence with respect to surface phenomena and physical matches (1). Fig. 1 shows a Phillips screw which has been reconstructed after the head and shank were separated during a hit-and-run accident.

Forensic Identifications Aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicone-Epoxy Microreplicas of Calcified and Cornified Structures

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Sognnaes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Tissue Surfaces ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Changes

Sufficient experience has been gained during the past five years to suggest an extended application of microreplication and scanning electron microscopy to problems of forensic science. The author's research was originally initiated with a view to develop a non-destructive method for identification of materials that went into objects of art, notably ivory and ivories. This was followed by a very specific application to the identification and duplication of the kinds of materials from animal teeth and tusks which two centuries ago went into the fabrication of the ivory dentures of George Washington. Subsequently it became apparent that a similar method of microreplication and SEM examination offered promise for a whole series of problems pertinent to art, technology and science. Furthermore, what began primarily as an application to solid substances has turned out to be similarly applicable to soft tissue surfaces such as mucous membranes and skin, even in cases of acute, chronic and precancerous epithelial surface changes, and to post-mortem identification of specific structures pertinent to forensic science.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

A novel methodological approach to systematically analyse pandemic influenza response programs within health systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (08/09) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ahmad ◽  
R Krumkamp ◽  
S Mounier-Jack ◽  
R Reintjes ◽  
R Coker
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Methodological Approach

Some statistical and CI models to predict chaotic high-frequency financial data

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6419-6430
Author(s):  
Dusan Marcek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
Forecast Time

To forecast time series data, two methodological frameworks of statistical and computational intelligence modelling are considered. The statistical methodological approach is based on the theory of invertible ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimating method. As a competitive tool to statistical forecasting models, we use the popular classic neural network (NN) of perceptron type. To train NN, the Back-Propagation (BP) algorithm and heuristics like genetic and micro-genetic algorithm (GA and MGA) are implemented on the large data set. A comparative analysis of selected learning methods is performed and evaluated. From performed experiments we find that the optimal population size will likely be 20 with the lowest training time from all NN trained by the evolutionary algorithms, while the prediction accuracy level is lesser, but still acceptable by managers.

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