Methodological analysis of military forensic science

Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.

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Formalization of Methods in Criminalistics

Law and Safety ◽

10.32631/pb.2019.4.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

L. P. Grynko

Keyword(s):

Forensic Science ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Independent Research ◽

Theoretical Level ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Material Models ◽

Theoretical Methods ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Sign System ◽

Practical Recommendations

Scientific works on formalization of methods in criminalistics have been analyzed in the article. Despite the importance and relevance of these issues, it has been established that there is a number of unresolved issues in the theory of forensic science, as well as in investigative and judicial practice regarding the possibilities of formalizing methods and their implementation, which require separate independent research and in-depth reflection. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to clarify the methods used to detect and investigate crimes and the possibilities of their formalization in criminalistics. Formalization methods in criminalistics have been considered. It has been found out that the most successful is their division into formalization of theoretical methods and formalization of practical methods. Methods of theoretical level have been researched. It has been emphasized that the use of mathematical methods contributes to the development of the most accurate practical recommendations, which allow to approach many issues of the theory and practice of forensic science from new positions. The author has considered the modeling method and has argued that it creates the preconditions for the use of formalization, since acting as prototypes, plans, hypothetical constructions of all kinds, this process is presented to investigators as a complex of interrelated transformations in the form of description. The development and use of forensic material models in the management of an investigative situation allows investigators to use, by analogy, forensic algorithms and investigative programs. Thus, the formalization is carried out in the form of the transition of content into a sign system. It is designed to address the tasks faced by investigators and directly related to the investigative situation existing at the time of the investigation. It has been found out that the formalization of forensic knowledge methods allows the use of such knowledge in the process of solving problems and making decisions by means of signs and symbols, which may increase the capacity of investigators to solve problems at all stages of crime investigation in different conditions of uncertainty.

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General Theoretical Issues of Improving Private Forensic Methods In The Field Of Combat Against Cybercrime

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i1.1153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 2705-2712

Author(s):

Khamidov Bakhtiyor Khamidovich Et al.

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Forensic Science ◽

International Standards ◽

Digital Evidence ◽

National Legislation ◽

Electronic Evidence ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Practical Research ◽

Technical Features ◽

Theoretical Issues

This article critically examines the problems and gaps that arise in national legislation and law enforcement practice in the fight against cybercrime. Scientifically grounded ways and means of their overcoming are theoretically analyzed. In this regard, proposals and recommendations were developed for the development of private criminology methodologies for the development of the theory of forensic science. The article was prepared with the views of theorists and practitioners, as well as technical research which were based on scientific and practical research in the field of countering cybercrime. The study analyzes a number of proprietary forensic methods that serve to improve the effectiveness of investigative actions in the fight against cybercrime. National legislation, investigative and judicial practice, international prominent practices were studied, and their achievements and drawbacks were substantiated on the basis of the author's conclusions. Based on this, the most favorable directions for combating these crimes in Uzbekistan were selected. The article provides a systematic, legal, scientific and methodological analysis of problems in this area and the author's conclusions on this matter. At the same time, the role and importance of advanced foreign experience and international standards in improving national legislation and ensuring the implementation of the tasks set in the State Program are emphasized. In addition, the concepts of "electronic evidence" and "digital evidence" were scientifically analyzed. Their content and technical features are scientifically and theoretically substantiated.

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Forensic Handwriting Investigation Using Digital Photographic Copies of Documents

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science ◽

10.30764/1819-2785-2020-2-70-80 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 70-80

Author(s):

M. V. Zhizhina

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Forensic Science ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Theoretical Aspect ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Initial Stage ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Qualitative Characteristics ◽

Expert Practice

The study is a part of the research of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. It is the initial stage in the development of methodological recommendations for conducting forensic handwriting examinations of images of handwritten objects in digital photocopies of documents. The author has analyzed the current procedural legislation and judicial practice on the use of digital photocopies of documents in proof, as well as the modern expert practice of handwriting studies concerning the images of handwriting realizations presented in such copies. The analysis has shown that these forensic handwriting studies are being quite actively conducted in both judicial and extrajudicial examinations; however, they acquire the procedural status of evidence in the case. Though, the object remains outside the scope of expert methodological support and a comprehensive systematic review in the theoretical aspect. The author considers this practice unacceptable.The article reviews a complex of issues related to determining the properties and attributes of images – handwriting objects presented in photocopies of documents, their qualitative characteristics, and other factors essential for conducting forensic handwriting examinations and formulating relevant conclusions.

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Design of a Fuzzy Logic Classification System for an Ocular Sun Protection Factor

Revista Brasileira de Física Médica ◽

10.29384/rbfm.2021.v15.19849001627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 627

Author(s):

Andre Fragalli ◽

Liliane Ventura

Keyword(s):

Classification System ◽

Fuzzy Inference ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Fuzzy Classification ◽

Universal Method ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Back Reflection ◽

Linguistic Rules ◽

Sun Protection Factor

There is no reliable and universal method to assess and compare protective properties of lenses, which is generally communicated to the purchasers by sunglasses categories based on lenses only, classifying the entire sun transmission spectrum (ultraviolet, infrared and visible), without accounting the geometry of the frame, nor the back reflection of the lenses, which is a serious problem. The present work develops a fuzzy classification system whose purpose is to create a reliable method to rate and compare sunglasses through their sun protective properties. This system treats the pre-acquired data relative to the lenses, i.e. ultraviolet transmittance and back reflection, in addition to the frame coverage data through the fuzzification interface, followed by the fuzzy inference process and later by the defuzzification interface. The output is an alphabetic rate of the protective eyewear to inform consumers, in a simple way to understand, regarding the sun protective properties of the sunglasses they purchase. Through the results it was possible to prove the effectiveness of choosing a fuzzy system for this classification system, as it was able to translate, in mathematical terms, the linguistic rules, classifying each of the various possible combinations of the inputs to one of the six factors stipulated for the ocular sun protection factor (OSPF) proposed in this work.

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Development of Document Flow in Terms of Information Economy

Известия Байкальского государственного университета ◽

10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(2).253-261 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Galina Maksimova ◽

Irina Tikhonova

Keyword(s):

Flow System ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Electronic Document ◽

Information Economy ◽

Technical Standards ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Process Risk ◽

Document Flow ◽

Management Approaches

The article examines the problems of developing electronic document flow in terms of widespread use of computer processing of the accounting information. It shows the influence of management approaches on developing the document flow (system, functional, process, risk-situational); it offers to identify the counting (technological and information) function as an independent object of electronic document flow in its interrelation with the control and analytical function performed by accountants; it specifies the bottleneck in the electronic document flow system — the control of the input, development, storage of of electronic documents while maintaining the requirements for their completeness, accuracy and legal full value. When developing the legal framework for electronic document flow, the methodological approach should be changed so that in the process of rulemaking the essential basis of the concepts and terms introduced is not replaced by technical standards. The article considers the judicial practice of documenting the delivery of goods in electronic document flow. It notes a number of positive changes in the position of the judiciary on the merits of considering еру issues of electronic document flow.

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THE APPLICATION OF COMPILATION WEBQUESTS IN DEVELOPING NON-LANGUAGE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS STUDENTS' ORAL MONOLOGICAL SPEECH

Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science ◽

10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-194-222-225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (194) ◽

pp. 222-225

Author(s):

Теtiana Rybak ◽

◽

Іnesa Lazarenko ◽

Оlena Svysiuk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creative Thinking ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Universal Method ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

Professional Interest ◽

Functional Models ◽

Written Form ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Short Utterances

Teaching oral monological speech to students of non-language higher educational institutions has always been a point of professional interest of methodologists as a complicated practical task. In the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic its implementation has become complicated due to impossibility of immediate interaction between academics and students. Thus, a prerequisite for raising the effectiveness of instruction is the expedient application of web-technologies. WebQuests are defined as an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the web. WebQuests are projects that raise students' motivation, develop their critical and creative thinking, as well as communicative and social skills. In their turn, compilation WebQuests are defined as tasks where students are supposed to take information from a number of sources and put it into a common format (like: a cookbook, a booklet of an exhibition etc.). The resulted texts are creative products that can be presented orally or in written form. Besides, while doing Compilation WebQuests students are supposed to read or listen to information which makes them a universal method and means of developing communicative skills. The methodological prerequisites of developing students' oral monological skills by means of Compilation WebQuests include: the choice of the methodological approach, the instructional stages, exercises and aids. The current research employs the inductive approach of teaching oral monological speech and, consequently, 3 stages that it involves: the stage of creating short utterances on the topic, the stage of their expansion by means of verbal and non-verbal aids, and the stage of their independent creation. The aids that can be used include: texts, outlines, substitution tables, structural schemes, role-cards, key-cards, proverbs and sayings, functional models and cards, audios and videos, illustrations (photos, posters and caricatures), functional noises etc. The article suggests assignments structured according to the stages described above and including the aids mentioned, that can make up the basis of a Compilation WebQuest's Process and Resources section.

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Information and analytical support system of enterprise competitiveness management

Accounting ◽

10.5267/j.ac.2021.4.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1785-1798 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruslan Lupak ◽

Marta Kunytska-Iliash ◽

Yaroslav Berezivskyi ◽

Natalia Nakonechna ◽

Liliya Ivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Consumer Goods ◽

Graphical Method ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Structural Components ◽

Enterprise Development ◽

Significant Information ◽

The Status ◽

Goods Market ◽

Enterprise Competitiveness ◽

Almost All

Under the conditions of intense competitive struggle, integrated assessment methods are gaining increasingly greater importance in the processes of information and analytical support of enterprise development management. Enterprise competitiveness is one of the most universal, and, consequently, methodological and applied features among such generalizing characteristics. However, almost all of the approaches used are characterized by both significant advantages and certain disadvantages as of the date. This study develops a system of information and analytical support for managing enterprise competitiveness in the market of fast moving consumer goods, where competition is near the highest. The author's approach for assessing the competitiveness status of enterprises is developed. For this purpose, a system of indicators is determined, which reveal comprehensively and systematically the main parameters of competitiveness according to its structural components, or subsystems: (1) personnel, (2) property, (3) commodity, (4) organizational. The peculiarity of the approach includes the combination of the method of enterprise position rating in the market, and expert survey, which ends with presentation of the results using the graphical method. Summarizing approbation of the developed methodological approach to the assessment of enterprise competitiveness status, the results allow to allocate the leader enterprises, enterprises of average level of competitiveness, enterprises of attack zones and lost opportunities, and outsider enterprises are obtained. The results include the possibility of implementing a new better and more comprehensive approach for analyzing the status of competitiveness of competing enterprises, which serves as a significant information and analytical basis for policy planning to strengthen the competitive position of businesses for the consumer goods market.

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On the use of IRMS in forensic science: Proposals for a methodological approach

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 212 (1-3) ◽

pp. 260-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Natacha Gentile ◽

Luc Besson ◽

Diego Pazos ◽

Olivier Delémont ◽

Pierre Esseiva

Keyword(s):

Forensic Science ◽

Methodological Approach

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Methodological approaches to efficiency evaluation foreign economic activity agricultural enterprises

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies ◽

10.32718/nvlvet-e9801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (98) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

R. Batyuk

Keyword(s):

Economic Activity ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Universal Method ◽

Successful Operation ◽

Subsequent Formation ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Methodological Basis ◽

Agricultural Enterprise

The article is devoted to topical issues of development of existing and establishment of new approaches to the methodology of assessing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises with the subsequent formation of strategies for its development. Thanks to the successful operation of domestic agricultural enterprises in foreign markets and effective and fruitful cooperation with foreign partners, economic growth of the country as a whole is achieved. Therefore, in modern economic conditions, the increase in foreign economic activity requires a thorough methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The theoretical and methodological basis of research were the works of leading domestic and foreign economists and the work of leading analysts on the problems and methodology of modeling foreign economic activity, comprehensive approaches based on a combination of economic analysis and methods of economic and mathematical modeling. The following research methods were used in solving the tasks: monographic, analysis and synthesis, expert evaluations, deduction method and abstract-logical. In order to implement the organizational and economic mechanism for determining the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, we propose to use a universal method of foreign economic activity analysis and at the micro level in order to compare the obtained calculations to assess trends in the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. If an agricultural enterprise is engaged in both exports and imports, then to assess its performance in the foreign market for a certain period can be calculated integrated indicators of foreign trade, which provide for the comparability of results achieved for the whole set of export-import operations at full cost. The initial methodological basis for assessing and analyzing the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises should be a systematic analysis and a comprehensive, dialectical approach, which necessitates the study of individual elements and the system as a whole in constant motion, change, in the process of constant renewal. This is important not only for understanding the essence of economic categories but also for formulating conclusions on their practical application, making management decisions at different levels of the hierarchical management system in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the substantiation of the methodology, which allows to calculate and fully assess the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of any agricultural enterprise.

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