Role of maternal tissue in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to a lipid-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation in rats

Eosinophils are important effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. When stimulated, eosinophils release a variety of mediators initiating, propagating, and maintaining local inflammation. Both, the activity and concentration of secreted and cytosolic phospholipases (PLAs) are increased in allergic inflammation, promoting the cleavage of phospholipids and thus the production of reactive lipid mediators. Eosinophils express high levels of secreted phospholipase A2 compared to other leukocytes, indicating their direct involvement in the production of lipid mediators during allergic inflammation. On the other side, eosinophils have also been recognized as crucial mediators with regulatory and homeostatic roles in local immunity and repair. Thus, targeting the complex network of lipid mediators offer a unique opportunity to target the over-activation and ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of eosinophils without compromising the survival and functions of tissue-resident and homeostatic eosinophils. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the critical role of phospholipase-derived lipid mediators in modulating eosinophil activity in health and disease. We focus on lysophospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids with exciting new perspectives for future drug development.

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Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights ◽

10.4137/nmi.s39043 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. NMI.S39043 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Salma A. Abdelmagid ◽

Jessica L. MacKinnon ◽

Sarah M. Janssen ◽

David W.L. Ma

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Breast Cancer Prevention ◽

Future Research ◽

Pufa Intake ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Important Study

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.

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Maternal Malnutrition in the Etiopathogenesis of Psychiatric Diseases: Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci6030024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Maria Morgese ◽

Luigia Trabace

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Psychiatric Diseases ◽

Maternal Malnutrition

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The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005846x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 489-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

J.A. Rooke ◽

A.G. Sinclair ◽

S.A. Edwards ◽

R. Cordoba ◽

S. Pkiyach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Nutritional Study ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

And Performance ◽

Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

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The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis

Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications,Third Edition - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1201/9781420006902.ch35 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 837-854

Author(s):

Harrison Weisinger ◽

Denovan Begg ◽

Andrew Sinclair ◽

Markandeya Jois ◽

Lauren Stahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Food Intake ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Omega 3

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The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/653750 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. García de Acilu ◽

S. Leal ◽

B. Caralt ◽

O. Roca ◽

J. Sabater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Omega 3

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the acute onset of noncardiogenic edema and subsequent gas-exchange impairment due to a severe inflammatory process. Recent report on the prognostic value of eicosanoids in patients with ARDS suggests that modulating the inflammatory response through the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a useful strategy for ARDS treatment. The use of enteral diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has reported promising results, showing an improvement in respiratory variables and haemodynamics. However, the interpretation of the studies is limited by their heterogeneity and methodology and the effect ofω-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion or enteral diets on patients with ARDS remains unclear. Therefore, the routine use ofω-3 fatty acid-enriched nutrition cannot be recommended and further large, homogeneous, and high-quality clinical trials need to be conducted to clarify the effectiveness ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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