Effect of milk protein genetic polymorphisms on rennet and acid coagulation properties after standardisation of protein content

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaya Appelesy Ketto ◽  
Ahmed Abdelghani ◽  
Anne-Grethe Johansen ◽  
Jorun Øyaas ◽  
Siv B. Skeie
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Acid Coagulation

Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rongfu Tian ◽  
Huilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P < 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

scholarly journals Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
P.L. van der Togt ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Skýpala ◽  
Gustav Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – ti­tra­tab­le acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable aci­di­ty (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

scholarly journals Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Verd ◽  
Gemma Ginovart ◽  
Javier Calvo ◽  
Jaume Ponce-Taylor ◽  
Antoni Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding. This review is predominantly based on observational epidemiological evidence and on comparative research linking breast milk composition with cutting down on breastfeeding. Studies dating back several decades have shown an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and serum albumin during weaning. According to the limited data available, it seems likely that the regulation of milk protein composition during involution can be ascribed to alterations in tight junctions. In studies on humans and other mammalian species, offspring suckle more from mothers that produce more dilute milk and the increase in milk protein concentration is positively correlated to a decrease in suckling frequency during weaning. High milk protein contents were first reported in nonindustrial communities where breastfeeding is sustained the longest, but recent papers from urbanized communities have taken credit for rediscovering the increase in protein content of human milk that becomes evident with prolonged breastfeeding. This review presents an overview of the changes in breast milk protein parameters in the second year postpartum to enable milk banks’ practitioners to make informed nutritional decisions on preterm infants.

MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Л.Р. ЗАГИДУЛЛИН ◽  
Р.Р. ШАЙДУЛЛИН ◽  
Т.М. АХМЕТОВ ◽  
С.В. ТЮЛЬКИН ◽  
А.Б. МОСКВИЧЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Prl Gene

Изучена взаимосвязь аллельных вариантов генов пролактина и соматотропина с показателями молочной продуктивности коров черно-пестрой породы по 1 и 3 лактации. У первотелок, как и у полновозрастных животных,  наиболее высокий удой (4642 и 6240 кг), количество молочного жира (174,1 и 215,0 кг) и молочного белка (149,0 и 182,5 кг) достигнуты в группе с генотипом PRL АА. По массовой доле жира и белка в молоке коровы с генотипом PRL ВВ достоверно превосходили животных с генотипом PRL АА на 0,12% (Р<0,05) и 0,05% (Р<0,05) соответственно. По гену соматотропина наибольший уровень молочной продуктивности выявлен у коров с генотипом GH LL при достоверном преимуществе над GH VV у первотелок по удою на 439 кг (Р<0,01), выходу молочного жира — на 13,6 кг (Р<0,001), выходу молочного белка — на 15,3 кг (Р<0,01). У полновозрастных коров превышение над остальными группами было только по удою — на 219—548 кг (Р<0,05). Наибольшая жирномолочность характерна животным с генотипом GH VV по 1 лактации — 3,83% и по 3 лактации — 3,82%, а лучшая белковомолочность — коровам, имеющим аллель V гена GH:  3,21 и 3,23% соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне молочной продуктивности у коров с генотипом PRL АА и GH LL, но лучшая жирномолочность и белковомолочность отмечены у особей, имеющих в своем генотипе аллели В гена PRL и V гена GH. The interrelation of allelic variants of prolactin and somatotropin genes with indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows for the 1st and 3rd lactation was studied. The highest milk yield (4642 and 6240 kg) amount of milk fat (174.1 and 215.0 kg) and milk protein (149.0 and 182.5 kg) were in the group with the PRL AA genotype in first-calf heifers as well as in full-age animals. In terms of the mass fraction of fat and protein of milk, the cows with the PRL BB genotype significantly exceeded animals with the PRL AA genotype by 0.12% (P<0.05) and 0.05% (P<0.05), respectively. According to the somatotropin gene, the highest level of milk productivity was revealed in cows with the GH LL genotype with a significant advantage over GH VV in first-calf heifers in milk yield by 439 kg (P<0.01), milk fat yield by 13.6 kg (P<0.001), milk protein yield by 15.3 kg (P<0.01). The excess over the other groups in full-age cows was only in terms of milk yield that was by 219-548 kg (P<0.05). The highest protein content of milk is a characteristic of animals with the GH VV genotype, 3.83% is for the 1st lactation and 3.82% is for the 3rd lactation, and the best protein content of milk in cows with V allele of the GH gene is 3.21 and 3.23%, respectively. The obtained data  indicated a higher level of milk productivity in cows with the PRL AA and GH LL genotypes but the best fat and milk content was noted in cows with alleles B of the PRL gene and V of the GH gene in their genotype.

Prediction of milk protein content from elements of the Metabolisable Protein System and the effect of ether extract on prediction precision of models

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
E. Smoler
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Protein Feed

Carbohydrates and proteins are the major dietary components supplying metabolisable protein for milk protein production. However, ether extract (EE) or fats have sometimes been related to negative effect on milk protein concentration (Spörndly, 1989; Smoler, 1996). Models for the prediction of milk protein concentration from combinations of carbohydrate and protein feed components have been constructed by Smoler (1996). In order to reduce collinearity among predictors and verify EE's negative effect on predictions of milk protein concentration, predictive models based on carbohydrate and protein dietary components were compared to those based on the same components but with the addition of EE.

Collaborative Testing of the Dye Binding Method for Milk Protein

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Alan Luke
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Collaborative Testing ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dye Binding

Abstract Seven Market Administrators' laboratories, with two years of experience in collaborative testing of dairy products, analyzed 10 samples of milk in quadruplicate. Eight of the samples were fresh, raw milk taken from farm bulk tanks and represented four breeds of dairy cattle; two samples were pasteurized skim milk. All samples were preserved with HgCl2. The protein content was measured by the Udy dye binding procedure. Analysis of variance showed a significant betweenlaboratory variation. The within-laboratory variation was slight. Laboratory means were between 98.56 and 101.53% of the overall mean for each sample. Between-laboratory coefficients of variation were 0.52—1.13%. Thus the dye binding method is highly reproducible within laboratories; between-laboratory reproducibility is acceptable

The relationship between milk progesterone and milk traits during estrus in dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gavelis ◽  
V. Þilaitis ◽  
A Juozaitis ◽  
V. Juozaitienë ◽  
G. Urbonavièius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between milk progesterone concentration (P4) and milk traits at the start of estrus time and 12h after start of the estrus in dairy cows. The 96 milk samples of 48 Lithuanian dairy cows without reproduction disorders and 90–100 days after calving were evaluated. Cows were classified into two groups based on milk yield per day: less than 30 kg (n=20) and e”30 kg (n=28). Data were categorized by milk fat and protein content at the start estrus and 12h after start of estrus to evaluate relationship between P4 and milk traits examined. P4 at estrus time in dairy cows was significantly positively correlated with milk yield (P less than 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with milk protein (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01) and fat at 12h after start of estrus. Dairy cows with F/P from 1.0 to 1.5 had the lowest P4 in milk. Results of the pregnancy in dairy cows were related with lower P4 and milk yield level (P less than 0.001), higher milk fat (P less than 0.05) and milk protein content (P less than 0.001). These cows had 1.90 times lower prevalence of the signs of subclinical ketosis (P less than 0.05) at estrus time when compared with non-pregnant cows. As a result, it was clearly demonstrated that P4 in dairy cows can help to evaluate and improve the reproductive properties of cows.

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