Early detection and treatment of attention deficits in preterm and at term infants with risk factors for brain damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalía Harmony ◽  
Claudia Calipso Gutiérrez ◽  
Mónica Carlier ◽  
Manuel Hinojosa-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Term Infants

Adjustment of Adopted Children and Prognosis from Maternal and Natal Risk Factors

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
J. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Serious Disease

The medical examination of the newborn infant for adoption should reduce the risk of the prospective parents adopting a child with a potentially serious disease or abnormality, and ensure that the infant being adopted is healthy (Betheras, 1976). Genetic and clinically obvious conditions apart, an early detection of brain damage was said to be of highest importance in such an examination, because adopting parents “… find it insupportable if a child cannot respond adequately to their love and affection” (Tizard, 1969, p. 44). However, because even gross brain damage may be undetectable in the early weeks of life, and the prediction of future development of the neonate is seldom possible from a paediatric examination (Tizard, 1969; Karelitz, 1956), there appear to be only very limited prospects to reduce “… the magnitude of the risk that adoptive parents must taken when they adopt newborn infants” (Karelitz, 1956, p. 94).

scholarly journals An exploratory study of EEG connectivity during the first year of life in preterm and full-term infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gonzalez-Moreira ◽  
Deirel Paz-Linares ◽  
Lourdes Cubero-Rego ◽  
Ariosky Areces-Gonzalez ◽  
Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Eeg Connectivity

Aim: to evaluate EEG connectivity during the first year of age in healthy full-term infants and preterm infants with prenatal and perinatal risk factors for perinatal brain damage. Methods: Three groups of infants were studied: healthy at full-term infants (n = 71), moderate and late preterm infants (n = 54), and very preterm infants (n = 56). All preterm infants had perinatal or/and perinatal risk factors for brain damage. EEG was obtained during phase II of natural NREM sleep. EEG analysis was performed in 24 segments of 2.56 s free of artifacts. For the calculation of EEG sources, the spectral Structured Sparse Bayesian Learning (sSSBL) was used. Connectivity was computed by the phase-lag index. Results: In healthy full-term infants, EEG interhemispheric connectivity in the different frequency bands followed similar trends with age to those reported in each frequency band: delta connectivity decreases, theta increases at the end of the year, in the alpha band, different trends were observed according to the region studied, and beta interhemispheric connectivity decreases with age. EEG connectivity in preterm infants showed differences from the results of the term group. Discussion: Important structural findings may explain the differences observed in EEG connectivity between the term and preterm groups. Conclusion: The study of EEG connectivity during the first year of age gives essential information on normal and abnormal brain development.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes of Full-Term Low Birth Weight Infants Born at a Tertiary Academic Center: A Prospective Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Al-Wassia ◽  
Shahd K. Baarimah ◽  
Asmaa H. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Manal O. Alsulami ◽  
Ragad S. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Control Study

Objective Low birth weight (LBW) infants (<2,500 g) continued to be a global health problem because of the associated short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of term LBW infants Study Design A prospective and case–control study. All infants born consecutively from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019 were included. Cases, term LBW infants, were 1:1 matched to controls, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term infants. Major congenital or chromosomal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Results The prevalence of term LBW in the studied period was 4.8%. Mothers of term LBW infants had significantly lower body mass index (p = 0.05), gained less weight (p = 0.01), had a history of previous LBW (p = 0.01), and lower monthly income (p = 0.04) compared with mothers of term AGA infants even after adjustment for confounders. A nonsignificant higher number of term LBW infants needed NICU admission, while their need for phototherapy was deemed significant. Conclusion We identified nutritional and socioeconomic maternal factors that are significantly associated with LBW infants and should be targeted during antenatal visits to improve neonatal outcomes. Key Points

scholarly journals Some Risk Factors for Low Birthweight Infants at Manado Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
S. M. Salendu W. ◽  
Sutomo Raharjo ◽  
Immanuel Mustadjab ◽  
Nan Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

The risk factors of low birthweight infants were assessed in a retrospective study covering 3607 singleton livebirth infants at Manado Hospital from January until December 1993. The analysis confirmed that patterns of risk birthweight hypertension in pregnancy (P<0.01), maternal education (P<0.01), maternal age (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01), marital status (P<0.01), history of abortion (P<0.05), and parity (P<0.01). Anemia in pregnancy was also associated with birthweight in low birth weight (P<0.05). Asymetric intrauterine growth retardation (Ponderal Index below 2.32) was found both in premature and term infants.

scholarly journals Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Akhlaghipour ◽  
Amir Reza Bina ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan ◽  
Meysam Moghbeli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations

AbstractCancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.

scholarly journals Infection and white matter injury in infants with congenital cardiac disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Glass ◽  
Chelsea Bowman ◽  
Vann Chau ◽  
Alisha Moosa ◽  
Adam L. Hersh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease

AbstractMore than 60% of newborns with severe congenital cardiac disease develop perioperative brain injuries. Known risk factors include: pre-operative hypoxemia, cardiopulmonary bypass characteristics, and post-operative hypotension. Infection is an established risk factor for white matter injury in premature newborns. In this study, we examined term infants with congenital cardiac disease requiring surgical repair to determine whether infection is associated with white matter injury. Acquired infection was specified by site – bloodstream, pneumonia, or surgical site infection – according to strict definitions. Infection was present in 23 of 127 infants. Pre- and post-operative imaging was evaluated for acquired injury by a paediatric neuroradiologist. Overall, there was no difference in newly acquired post-operative white matter injury in infants with infection (30%), compared to those without (31%). When stratified by anatomy, infants with transposition of the great arteries, and bloodstream infection had an estimated doubling of risk of white matter injury that was not significant, whereas those with single ventricle anatomy had no apparent added risk. When considering only infants without stroke, the estimated association was higher, and became significant after adjusting for duration of inotrope therapy. In this study, nosocomial infection was not associated with white matter injury. Nonetheless, when controlling for risk factors, there was an association between bloodstream infection and white matter injury in selected sub-populations. Infection prevention may have the potential to mitigate long-term neurologic impairment as a consequence of white matter injury, which underscores the importance of attention to infection control for these patients.

General Practice Recruitment for People at Risk of Schizophrenia: The Buckingham Experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A131-A136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. H. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Episode

Objective The process of detecting people at high risk of schizophrenia from a community sample is a major challenge for prevention of psychotic disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe early detection procedures that can be implemented in primary care settings. Methods A selected literature review is supplemented by experiences and data obtained during the Buckingham Integrated Mental Health Care Project. Results General medical practitioners have been favoured as the agents most likely to prove helpful in detecting the key risk factors that predict the onset of schizophrenic disorders, as well as in recognising the earliest signs and symptoms of these conditions. However, the practical problems of screening for multiple and subtle risk factors in general practice are substantial, and general practitioners (GPs) often have difficulty recognising the earliest signs of a psychotic episode. A range of strategies to assist GPs detect early signs of psychosis in their patients are considered. Conclusions It is feasible to implement primary care setting early detection procedures for people at risk of schizophrenia. Implementation is aided by the use of a brief screening questionnaire, training sessions and case supervision; and increased collaboration with mental health services and other community agencies.

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