Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview

AbstractCancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.

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BBCancer: an expression atlas of blood-based biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cancers

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkz942 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhixiang Zuo ◽

Huanjing Hu ◽

Qingxian Xu ◽

Xiaotong Luo ◽

Di Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

High Throughput ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Expression Data ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cancer Types ◽

High Throughput Gene Expression

Abstract The early detection of cancer holds the key to combat and control the increasing global burden of cancer morbidity and mortality. Blood-based screenings using circulating DNAs (ctDNAs), circulating RNA (ctRNAs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising prospects in the early detection of cancer. Recent high-throughput gene expression profiling of blood samples from cancer patients has provided a valuable resource for developing new biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. However, a well-organized online repository for these blood-based high-throughput gene expression data is still not available. Here, we present BBCancer (http://bbcancer.renlab.org/), a web-accessible and comprehensive open resource for providing the expression landscape of six types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), tRNA-derived fragments (tRFRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in blood samples, including plasma, CTCs and EVs, from cancer patients with various cancer types. Currently, BBCancer contains expression data of the six RNA types from 5040 normal and tumor blood samples across 15 cancer types. We believe this database will serve as a powerful platform for developing blood biomarkers.

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Early detection of cancer/testis mRNAs in tumor cells circulating in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients

Molecular Biology ◽

10.1134/s0026893312050093 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 687-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. V. Novikov ◽

T. V. Belova ◽

E. S. Plekhanova ◽

O. S. Yanchenko ◽

V. V. Novikov

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Testis

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The Importance of Screening for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Epidemiological Review

10.20944/preprints202110.0434.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Navneetha Hardikar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Early Detection ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Ovarian Cancers ◽

Nutrition And Diet ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Common Diagnosis

Abstract – Objective: Ovarian cancer, although not possessing a high incidence, is still the most common cancer-related deaths among women diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy. The present study aims to highlight the epidemiology, risk factors of this disease and the significance of development of improved early detection strategies. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using current published English studies by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. The search strategy included the keywords “ovarian cancer”, “diagnosis”, “risk factors”, “screening”, “epidemiology”. Studies on incidence and mortality were also considered. Case reports were excluded.Results: The highest incidence and mortality rates are observed in Central and Eastern Europe, while rates are relatively low in Asia and Africa. These rates are highest among the white population (14.3 per 100,000) and lowest among blacks (10 per 100,000) and Asians (9.7 per 100,000). The risk factors for this disease includes a family history, hormonal factors, nutrition and diet and physical activity, with some of them playing protective roles in reducing risk of ovarian cancers. There are no reliable screening methods for ovarian cancers. The most common diagnosis methods include a transvaginal ultrasound and a blood test to detect CA125 markers.Conclusions: The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is gradually increasing; thus, preventative measures are required to reduce lifetime risk of ovarian cancers and improve mortality rate.

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Knowledge, attitudes, risk factors, and early detection of cancer relevant to the schoolteachers in İzmir, Turkey

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.038 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 636-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A SANTURGAY ◽

D SARI ◽

E TURKISTANLI

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer

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Prevention, Detection, and Management of Heart Failure in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer

Current Heart Failure Reports ◽

10.1007/s11897-020-00486-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 397-408

Author(s):

Agneta Månsson Broberg ◽

Jürgen Geisler ◽

Suvi Tuohinen ◽

Tanja Skytta ◽

Þórdís Jóna Hrafnkelsdóttir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract Purpose of Review Long-term survival has increased significantly in breast cancer patients, and cardiovascular side effects are surpassing cancer-related mortality. We summarize risk factors, prevention strategies, detection, and management of cardiotoxicity, with focus on left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, during breast cancer treatment. Recent Findings Baseline treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is recommended. Anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment constitute a substantial risk of developing cardiotoxicity. There is growing evidence that this can be treated with beta blockers and angiotensin antagonists. Early detection of cardiotoxicity with cardiac imaging and circulating cardiovascular biomarkers is currently evaluated in clinical trials. Chest wall irradiation accelerates atherosclerotic processes and induces fibrosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors require consideration for surveillance due to a small risk of severe myocarditis. Cyclin-dependent kinases4/6 inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and endocrine therapy have a lower-risk profile for cardiotoxicity. Summary Preventive and management strategies to counteract cancer treatment–related left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure in breast cancer patients should include a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and individual clinical evaluation. This should include both patient and treatment-related factors. Further clinical trials especially on early detection, cardioprevention, and management are urgently needed.

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Breast Cancer Reduction Initiatives in Rwanda

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.53000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 133s-133s

Author(s):

O. Nimbabazi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Early Stage ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Diagnose Breast Cancer ◽

Public Health Campaigns

Background and context: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death for women. In Africa women are diagnosed much younger, with a substantial number of cases affecting women under the age of 20. In Rwanda, breast cancer patients constitute 15.8% of overall cancer patients and new cases increase as people start being aware and go screening, however breast cancer with early detection can be well treated to live longer and palliative care can be given. It's with that reason in Rwanda different initiatives have put in place to reduce the breast cancer. Aim: The aim of these initiatives is to raise awareness of breast cancer to the population and promoting early detection as breast cancer is treatable when it's diagnosed at early stage. Also these initiatives gives information about risk factors and how changing lifestyle with early detection can help on reducing new cases. Strategy/Tactics: These initiatives are done through public health campaigns, gatherings and walks throughout the country educating breast cancer risk factors, prevention and importance of early diagnosis. The programs reached young ladies to start prevention early by making outreaches at school and youth centers. And all the initiatives are accessible by every citizen as they are all free. Program/Policy process: In promotion of early diagnosis many nurses for health center have been trained how to diagnose breast cancer and how to educate patients that attend those health facilities, then for awareness public health campaigns are done and also with different media are used like talk shows and informative posters are in different public places like hospitals. Outcomes: With the past 2 years of mass campaigns, walks and outreaches, there have been improvement in understanding of population about breast cancer, and both men and women are interested to be educated more with that the number of people going for diagnosis have been increased and participation in outreaches is high. What was learned: The population is always eager to be educated about cancer and how they can prevent it and with these initiatives have been proved by numbers that attend campaigns and it's important to take initiative to reduce its incidence by making the community aware of it and take early preventive measures. And this to be more successful there should be public and private partnership to put effort and reach a large population for breast cancer can be diagnosed treated at early stage hence reduction its prevalence.

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Don't Lose Your Head! Program on Prevention and Early Detection of Head and Neck Cancers in Poland in the Years 2017-2019

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.99200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 248s-248s

Author(s):

P. Koczkodaj ◽

M. Cedzynska ◽

I. Przepiorka ◽

J. Gotlib ◽

K. Kalita-Kurzynska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Detection ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Local Governments ◽

Screening Program ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Head And Neck Cancers ◽

Area Measure ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Amount raised: 1 635 652,11 Polish Zloty (PLN; about 480,000 USD) Background and context: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) (IDC10: C00-C15, C30-C33, C69; C73) are significant clinical and social problem. While the overall number of new cases is stable and almost on the same level (∼6000 new cases each year) increase of HNCs incidence among young adults (<40 y.o.) is observed. This phenomenon is mostly connected with HPV infections, because a great majority of this group has never smoke and never abuse alcohol (smoking and drinking high-percentage alcohol are well-known risk factors for HNCs). Because there is no screening program for HNCs and treatment prognosis for these cancers are unfavorable, preventive actions are basic and most effective tool in decreasing HNCs incidence and mortality. Aim: To implement in 5 Polish voivodeships pilot prophylactic program on early detection on HNCs. Strategy/Tactics: The main objective will be achieved by influencing the 5 basic causal areas of the problem of late HNCs recognition in Poland. These are: 1) awareness about HNCs risk factors in Polish society, 2) competences of medical staff in prophylaxis, health education and diagnostic of HNCs (120 doctors and nurses - especially from primary health care, 100 dentists), 3) access to preventive examinations (800 people from 5 voivodeships), 4) launching mechanisms of HNCs prophylaxis through the involvement of representatives of nongovernmental and local governments organizations who have constant contact with people in HNCs risk groups, 5) increasing the knowledge on the incidence of oncogenic HPV varieties in the oral cavity of healthy people and the frequency of HPV infection in the oral cavity from smoking and drinking alcohol. Apart from the trainings for health professionals, trainings for street workers are also provided in this program. Program process: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center successfully applied for funds for the implementation of the created project. Program is cofinanced by European Union, from European Social Funds within the Operational Program Knowledge Education Development 2014-2020, V. Priority axis: Support for the health area, Measure 5.1: Preventive programs and is free of charge for participants. Nowadays project team conducts procedures aiming among the others recruitment of participants, cooperation with NGOs, creation of agenda of the meetings, preparation of the awareness campaign. Costs and returns: Main obstacles and costs are combined with administrative difficulties and doctor's tight schedule (lack of time for additional activities). The biggest return will be improvement of early HNCs detection and mortality decrease caused by these cancers. What was learned: Preliminary observations show that patients are very interested in participation in HNCs early detection and prevention program. Moreover, in many cases they have never participated in any actions concern HNCs education.

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