Combustion process apportionment of carbonaceous particulate emission from a diesel fuel burner

Combustion process was studied from the injection until the late combustion phase in an high swirl optically accessible combustion bowl connected to a single cylinder 2-stroke high pressure common rail compression ignition engine. Commercial diesel and blends of diesel and n-butanol (20%: BU20 and 40%: BU40) were used for the experiments. A pilot plus main injection strategy was investigated fixing the injection pressure and fuel mass injected per stroke. Two main injection timings and different pilot-main dwell times were explored achieving for any strategy a mixing controlled combustion. Advancing the main injection start, an increase in net engine working cycle (>40%) together with a strong smoke number decrease (>80%) and NOx concentration increase (@50%) were measured for all pilot injection timings. Compared to diesel fuel, butanol induced a decrease in soot emission and an increase in net engine working area when butanol ratio increased in the blend. A noticeable increase in NOx was detected at the exhaust for BU40 with a slight effect of the dwell-time. Spectroscopic investigations confirmed the delayed auto-ignition (~60 ms) of the pilot injection for BU40 compared to diesel. The spectral features for the different fuels were comparable at the start of combustion process, but they evolved in different ways. Broadband signal caused by soot emission, was lower for BU40 than diesel. Different balance of the bands at 309 and 282 nm, due to different OH transitions, were detected between the two fuels. The ratio of these intensities was used to follow flame temperature evolution.

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Influence of Nano-Particle Additives on Bio-Diesel-Fuelled CI Engines

Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch059 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1424-1443

Author(s):

Tamilvanan A. ◽

K. Balamurugan ◽

T. Mohanraj ◽

P. Selvakumar ◽

B. Ashok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Transfer Rates ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Ci Engine

Biodiesel is proven to be the best substitute for petroleum-based conventional diesel fuel in existing engines with or without minor engine modifications. The performance characteristics of biodiesel as a fuel in CI engine are slightly lower than that of diesel fuel. The emission characteristics of biodiesel are better than diesel fuel except NOX emission. The thermo-physical properties of biodiesel are improved by suspending the nano metal particles in the biodiesel, which make them an observable choice for the use of nanoparticles-added fuels in CI engine. High surface area of nanoparticles that promotes higher operating pressure and heat transfer rates that further quicken the combustion process by providing better oxidation. Thus, it has been inferred that addition of nanoparticles as an additive to biodiesel fuel blends in diesel engines and its effects on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics are discussed in this chapter.

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Some aspects of cycle variability at the Diesel engine fuelled with animal fats

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911201014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Adrian Nicolici ◽

Constantin Pană ◽

Niculae Negurescu ◽

Alexandru Cernat ◽

Cristian Nuţu

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Content Increase ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Viable Solution

The progressive diminution of the oil reserves all over the world highlights the necessity of using alternative fuels derived from durable renewable resource. The use of the alternative fuels represents a viable solution to reduce the pollutant emissions and to replace fossil fuels. Thus, a viable solution is the use of the animal fats in mixture with the diesel fuel at the diesel engines. A D2156 MTN8 diesel engine was firstly fuelled with diesel fuel and then with different blends of diesel fuel-animal fats (5% and 10% animal fats content). In the paper are presented some results of the experimental investigations of engine fuelled with preheated animal fats. The raw animal fats effects on the combustion process and on the pollutant emissions at different engine loads and 1450 rev/min engine speed are showed. The engine cycle variability increases at the animal fats content increase. The cycle variability for maximum pressure, maximum pressure angle and indicated mean effective pressure is analysed. The cycle variability coefficients values don’t exceed the recommended values of the standard diesel engine.

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An Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission of the diesel/CNG Dual-Fuel Combustion Mode in a Stationary CI Engine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12203857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 3857 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Jamrozik ◽

Wojciech Tutak ◽

Karol Grab-Rogaliński

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Pressure Rise ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Ci Engine

One of the possibilities to reduce diesel fuel consumption and at the same time reduce the emission of diesel engines, is the use of alternative gaseous fuels, so far most commonly used to power spark ignition engines. The presented work concerns experimental research of a dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engine in which diesel fuel was co-combusted with CNG (compressed natural gas). The energy share of CNG gas was varied from 0% to 95%. The study showed that increasing the share of CNG co-combusted with diesel in the CI engine increases the ignition delay of the combustible mixture and shortens the overall duration of combustion. For CNG gas shares from 0% to 45%, due to the intensification of the combustion process, it causes an increase in the maximum pressure in the cylinder, an increase in the rate of heat release and an increase in pressure rise rate. The most stable operation, similar to a conventional engine, was characterized by a diesel co-combustion engine with 30% and 45% shares of CNG gas. Increasing the CNG share from 0% to 90% increases the nitric oxide emissions of a dual-fuel engine. Compared to diesel fuel supply, co-combustion of this fuel with 30% and 45% CNG energy shares contributes to the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, which increases after exceeding these values. Increasing the share of CNG gas co-combusted with diesel fuel, compared to the combustion of diesel fuel, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and almost completely reduces carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas of a dual-fuel engine.

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Influence of Diesel Fuel Injection Characteristics on Dual-Fuel Combustion Modes in a Large-Bore, Medium-Speed Engine

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4045344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Klingbeil ◽

Seunghyuck Hong ◽

Roy J. Primus

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Analytical Methodology ◽

Cycle Variation ◽

Medium Speed ◽

Substitution Ratio

Abstract Experiments were conducted on a large bore, medium speed, single cylinder, diesel engine to investigate operation with substitution ratio of natural gas (NG) varying from 0% to 93% by energy. In a previous study by the same group, these data were used to validate an analytical methodology for predicting performance and emissions under a broad spectrum of energy substitution ratios. For this paper, these experimental data are further analyzed to better understand the performance and combustion behavior under NG substitution ratios of 0%, 60%, and 93%. These results show that by transitioning from diesel-only to 60% dual-fuel (DF) (60% NG substitution ratio), an improvement in the NOx-efficiency trade-off was observed that represented a ∼3% improvement in indicated efficiency at constant NOx. Further, the transition from 60% DF to 93% DF (93% NG substitution ratio) resulted in additional efficiency improvement with a simultaneous reduction in NOx emissions. The data suggest that this improvement can be attributed to the premixed nature of the high substitution ratio case. Furthermore, the results show that high cycle-to-cycle variation was observed for some 93% DF combustion tests. Further analysis, along with diesel injection rate measurements, shows that the observed extreme sensitivity of the combustion event can be attributed to critical parameters such as diesel fuel quantity and injection timing. These results suggest a better understanding of the relative importance of combustion system components and operating conditions in controlling cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion process.

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Comparative Analysis of Combustion Stability of Diesel/Ethanol Utilization by Blend and Dual Fuel

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7120946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 946 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wojciech Tutak ◽

Arkadiusz Jamrozik

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Combustion Stability ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Energy Fraction ◽

Pure Ethanol ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

The aim of the work is a comparison of two combustion systems of fuels with different reactivity. The first is combustion of the fuel mixture and the second is combustion in a dual-fuel engine. Diesel fuel was burned with pure ethanol. Both methods of co-firing fuels have both advantages and disadvantages. Attention was paid to the combustion stability aspect determined by COVIMEP as well as the probability density function of IMEP. It was analyzed also the spread of the maximum pressure value, the angle of the position of maximum pressure. The influence of ethanol on ignition delay time spread and end of combustion process was evaluated. The experimental investigation was conducted on 1-cylinder air cooled compression ignition engine. The test engine operated with constant rpm equal to 1500 rpm and constant angle of start of diesel fuel injection. The engine was operated with ethanol up to 50% of its energy fraction.

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Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of Combustion Chamber and Fuel Distribution for the Low Emission Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.1501077 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 351-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y. Kidoguchi ◽

M. Sanda ◽

K. Miwa

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Mixture Distribution ◽

Initial Mixture ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Particulate Emission ◽

Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Effects of combustion chamber geometry and initial mixture distribution on the combustion process were investigated in a direct-injection diesel engine. In the engine experiment, a high squish combustion chamber with a squish lip could reduce both NOx and particulate emissions with retarded injection timing. According to the results of CFD computation and phenomenological modeling, the high squish combustion chamber with a central pip is effective to keep the combusting mixture under the squish lip until the end of combustion and the combustion region forms rich and highly turbulent atmosphere. This kind of mixture distribution tends to reduce initial burning, resulting in restraint of NOx emission while keeping low particulate emission.

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NOx Emission of Diesel Fuel Blended with Different Saturation Degrees of Biofuel and with Oxygenator

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.397 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 397-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd Fareez Edzuan bin Abdullah ◽

Mohd Hisyamuddin bin Sulaiman ◽

Noor Aliah Binti Abdul Majid

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Nox Formation ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Combustion Tests ◽

Co Emission

This paper discusses the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics of compression ignition diesel engine operating on diesel fuel blends with different saturation degrees of biofuel and with methanol. In order to investigate the dominant factor of increased NOx in biofuels, diesel combustion tests were conducted under idling condition and the tailpipe exhaust emissions were measured by a flue gas analyzer. The general trend where NOx emission increased and reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emission in the biofuel and methanol blend cases were observed. The NOx emission levels increased as the biofuel saturation degree decreased, where it may be suggested that the prompt NOx mechanism is significant in total NOx formation of biofuel combustion process.

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Optimizing the Quantity of Diesel Fuel Injection by Using 25HHOCNG Gas Fuel Mixture

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.14.36 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 36-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hüseyi̇n Turan Arat ◽

Mustafa Kaan Baltacioğlu ◽

Mustafa Özcanli ◽

Kadir Aydın

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Injection Technique ◽

Fuel Pump ◽

Pump Plunger ◽

Fuel Mixtures ◽

Diesel Fuel Injection

Injection behaviors of internal combustion engines are very substantial fact that provides developments to future strategies about optimizing the engine and fuel parameters. During the combustion process, pilot diesel injection technique is more preferable option while using alternative gas fuels in a diesel engine. In this experimental study, a 3.6 L commercial, four stroke, four cylinders and mechanical fuel pump non-modified diesel test engine operated with hydroxy (HHO) and compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel mixtures under 25% and 75% (vol/vol), respectively. Diesel fuel injection quantities were reduced with the help of steeping motor devices which mounted on mechanical fuel pump plunger pin. Sensitive removes of steeping motor, plunger pin twisted clockwise 360°, 720° and 1080°, respectively. Comparisons of engine performance and exhaust emissions were explained briefly and illustrated via graphs. As a result, 720° clockwise twisted pin is the optimum point for experimental fuel pump plunger while using 25HHOCNG fuel mixtures.

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Conversion of an existing electrostatic precipitator casing to Pulse Jet Fabric filter in fossil power plants

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v83n195.49723 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (195) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro ◽

Javier Carrillo-Valle

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Power Plants ◽

Electrostatic Precipitator ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Performance Expectations ◽

Particulate Emission ◽

Fabric Filter ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Emission Limits ◽

Pulse Jet

The combustion process of power generation plants originates particulates. There are different technologies to collecting particulate such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) or fabric filters. Currently, these ESPs take 25 or 35 years in service and if the performance expectations of their Plants are positives, improving investments required which can adapt to the new particulate emission limits becoming more stringent. This paper analyzes an alternative means great savings in investment costs; Conversion of the existing ESP casing to a Pulse Jet fabric filter. This study also presents a real case, implementing this conversion with good results in unit of 660 MW power plants of Italy.

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