scholarly journals Antioxidant effect of frankincense extract in the brain cortex of diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Anwar Masoud ◽  
Mohammad Al-Ghazali ◽  
Fatima Al-Futini ◽  
Anisah Al-Mansori ◽  
Abdulalim Al-Subahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Insulin-Induced Recurrent Hypoglycemia Up-Regulates Glucose Metabolism in the Brain Cortex of Chemically Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13470
Author(s):  
Susana Cardoso ◽  
Paula I. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Recurrent Hypoglycemia

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that seriously compromises human well-being. Various studies highlight the importance of maintaining a sufficient glucose supply to the brain and subsequently safeguarding cerebral glucose metabolism. The goal of the present work is to clarify and disclose the metabolic alterations induced by recurrent hypoglycemia in the context of long-term hyperglycemia to further comprehend the effects beyond brain harm. To this end, chemically induced diabetic rats underwent a protocol of repeatedly insulin-induced hypoglycemic episodes. The activity of key enzymes of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the Krebs cycle was measured by spectrophotometry in extracts or isolated mitochondria from brain cortical tissue. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein content of glucose and monocarboxylate transporters, players in the insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. We observed that recurrent hypoglycemia up-regulates the activity of mitochondrial hexokinase and Krebs cycle enzymes (namely, pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase) and the protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Both insults increased the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) protein content and induced divergent effects in mitochondrial dynamics. Insulin-signaling downstream pathways were found to be down-regulated, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) was found to be activated through both decreased phosphorylation at Ser9 and increased phosphorylation at Y216. Interestingly, no changes in the levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which plays a key role in neuronal plasticity and memory, were caused by hypoglycemia and/or hyperglycemia. These findings provide experimental evidence that recurrent hypoglycemia, in the context of chronic hyperglycemia, has the capacity to evoke coordinated adaptive responses in the brain cortex that will ultimately contribute to sustaining brain cell health.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of catecholamines as a chane of them antistress effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii Nolianovich Shilov ◽  
Vladislav Adamovich Ivanyutin
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Antistress Effect ◽  
The Brain

The antioxidant activity of some native catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine), water-soluble antioxidant emoxipine, agonist (apomorphine) and antagonist (haloperidol) of dopamine receptors was assessed as their influence on malonic dialdehyde content and products of lipid peroxidation in homogenates and suspension of the rat cortical brain cells. All catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine in concentrations of 10-4 M and 10-5 M) possessed a high (compartable with emoxipine) antioxidant activity. The most antioxidant effect was registered in apomorphine. The inhibitory action of apomorphine on lipid peroxidation in the brain cortex can be a result from both dopamine receptor activation and “direct” antioxidant mechanism.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the aqueous extract of Eryngium carlinae in the brain of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenaro Lemus‐de la Cruz ◽  
Cinthia Itzel Landa Moreno ◽  
Cristian Mitchell Trejo‐Hurtado ◽  
Donovan Javier Peña‐Montes ◽  
Maribel Huerta‐Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Comparison of the Neuroprotective Effects of Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Captopril and Metformin in Diabetes Mellitus

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Paseban ◽  
Reza Mohebbati ◽  
Saeed Niazmand ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
C 50 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Dose Aspirin

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined intake of a high dose of aspirin, atorvastatin, captopril and metformin on oxidative stress in the brain cortex and hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Material and methods: Rats were randomly divided into the following 11 groups: control and diabetic (D), as well as 9 groups that were treated with metformin (M, 300 mg/kg) or aspirin (ASA, 120 mg/kg) alone or in different combinations with captopril (C, 50 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (AT, 40 mg/kg) as follows: (D + M), (D + ASA), (D + M + ASA), (D + M + C), (D + M + AT), (D + M + C + ASA), (D + M + C + AT), (D + M + AT + ASA) and (D + M + C + AT + ASA). The rats in treatment groups received drugs by gavage daily for six weeks. Serum lipid profile and levels of oxidative markers in the brain cortex and hippocampus tissues were evaluated. Results: The levels of malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and hippocampus in all the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the total thiol concentration as well as catalase activity in treated rats in (M + AT), (M + C + ASA), (M + C + AT), (M + AT + ASA) and (M + C + AT + ASA) groups in cortex and hippocampus in comparison with the diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Also, the superoxide dismutase activity in all treated rats with medications was significantly increased compared to the diabetic rats (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the combined use of high-dose aspirin, metformin, captopril and atorvastatin potentiated their antioxidant effects on the brain, and hence could potentially improve cognitive function with their neuroprotective effects on hippocampus.

scholarly journals Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning Rescues Cognition and Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Sónia C. Correia ◽  
Nuno J. Machado ◽  
Marco G. Alves ◽  
Pedro F. Oliveira ◽  
Paula I. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Related Phenotype ◽  
Brain Resilience ◽  
The Brain

The lack of effective disease-modifying therapeutics to tackle Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unsettling considering the actual prevalence of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) is a powerful non-pharmacological procedure known to enhance brain resilience. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential long-term protective impact of IHC against AD-related phenotype, putting a special focus on cognition and mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. For this purpose, six-month-old male triple transgenic AD mice (3×Tg-AD) were submitted to an IHC protocol for two weeks and the behavioral assessment was performed at 8.5 months of age, while the sacrifice of mice occurred at nine months of age and their brains were removed for the remaining analyses. Interestingly, IHC was able to prevent anxiety-like behavior and memory and learning deficits and significantly reduced brain cortical levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) in 3×Tg-AD mice. Concerning brain energy metabolism, IHC caused a significant increase in brain cortical levels of glucose and a robust improvement of the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile in 3×Tg-AD mice, as mirrored by the significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and respiratory control ratio (RCR). Notably, the improvement of mitochondrial bioenergetics seems to result from an adaptative coordination of the distinct but intertwined aspects of the mitochondrial quality control axis. Particularly, our results indicate that IHC favors mitochondrial fusion and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and transport and mitophagy in the brain cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice. Lastly, IHC also induced a marked reduction in synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) levels and a significant increase in both glutamate and GABA levels in the brain cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice, suggesting a remodeling of the synaptic microenvironment. Overall, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the IHC paradigm in forestalling the AD-related phenotype in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model, offering new insights to AD therapy and forcing a rethink concerning the potential value of non-pharmacological interventions in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Nociceptin Increases Antioxidant Expression in the Kidney, Liver and Brain of Diabetic Rats

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Ernest Adeghate ◽  
Crystal M. D’Souza ◽  
Zulqarnain Saeed ◽  
Saeeda Al Jaberi ◽  
Saeed Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
The Brain

Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants in kidney, liver, cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus after the onset of diabetes mellitus, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Exogenous NC (aa chain 1–17; 10 µg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to normal and diabetic rats for 5 days. Our results showed that catalase (CAT) is present in the proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. The expression of CAT was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats after treatment with NC. However, NC markedly (p < 0.001) increased the expression CAT in the liver and neurons of CC of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely distributed in the PCT and DCT of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. NC significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of SOD in hepatocytes and neurons of CC and the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Glutathione reductase (GRED) was observed in kidney tubules, hepatocytes and neurons of the brain. NC markedly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of GRED in PCT and DCT cells of the kidney and hepatocytes of liver and neurons of CC. In conclusion, NC is a strong inducer of CAT, SOD, and GRED expression in the kidney, liver and brain of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Abnormalities in the brain of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats revealed by diffusion tensor imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Huang ◽  
Lifeng Gao ◽  
Liqin Yang ◽  
Fuchun Lin ◽  
Hao Lei
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Characterization of calcium-dependent membrane binding proteins of brain cortex

1985 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Rhoads ◽  
M Lulla ◽  
P B Moore ◽  
C E Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Structural Homology ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Stokes Radius ◽  
The Brain

Proteins of Mr 68 000, 34 000 and 32 000 were selectively extracted by EGTA from brain cortex. The three proteins that were extracted along with calmodulin were acidic, monomeric, and did not exhibit structural homology, as demonstrated by one-dimensional peptide mapping. The Mr-68 000 protein was purified to homogeneity and had a Stokes radius of 3.54 nm and S20,W value of 5.1S. Purified calmodulin, Mr-68 000 protein and two proteins of Mr 34 000 and Mr 32 000, interacted with the brain particulate fraction, with half-maximal binding occurring at 3.5 microM, 8.3 microM and 150 microM-Ca2+ respectively. Proteins were bound independently of each other and calmodulin. Pretreatment of the particulate fraction with trypsin prevented the Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin; however, the binding of the Mr-68 000 protein or the Mr−32 000 and −34 000 proteins was unaffected. The Mr-68 000 protein of bovine brain did not cross-react immunologically with Mr-67 000 calcimedin from chicken gizzard.

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