Spring-loaded body mass equivalent horizontal reactive countermovement jump ground contact and flight times, but not peak forces, are comparable to vertical jumping

2020 ◽  
pp. 110206
Author(s):  
E.J. Jones ◽  
J.E. Kennett ◽  
D.A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Vertical Jumping

scholarly journals Enhancement of Countermovement Jump Performance Using a Heavy Load with Velocity-Loss Repetition Control in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11530
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Rafal Kalinowski ◽  
Robert Trybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Petr Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Post Hoc

Although velocity control in resistance training is widely studied, its utilization in eliciting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) responses receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of heavy-loaded barbell squats (BS) with velocity loss control conditioning activity (CA) on PAPE in subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Sixteen resistance-trained female volleyball players participated in this study (age: 24 ± 5 yrs.; body mass: 63.5 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170 ± 6 cm; relative BS one-repetition maximum (1RM): 1.45 ± 0.19 kg/body mass). Each participant performed two different conditions: a set of the BS at 80% 1 RM with repetitions performed until a mean velocity loss of 10% as the CA or a control condition without CA (CNTRL). To assess changes in jump height (JH) and relative mean power output (MP), the CMJ was performed 5 min before and throughout the 10 min after the CA. The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant main effect of condition (p = 0.008; η2 = 0.387) and time (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.257) for JH. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the value from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. For the MP, a significant interaction (p = 0.045; η2 = 0.138) was found. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the values from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. No significant differences were found between all of the time points and the baseline value for the CA condition. The CA used in the current study fails to enhance subsequent countermovement jump performance in female volleyball players. However, the individual analysis showed that 9 out of the 16 participants (56%) responded positively to the applied CA, suggesting that the PAPE effect may be individually dependent and should be carefully verified before implementation in a training program.

Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Elite Weightlifters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Polyxeni Spiliopoulou ◽  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Marios Hadjicharalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Leg Press

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between weightlifting performance and the rate of force development (RFD), muscle architecture, and body composition in elite Olympic weightlifters. Methods: Six male Olympic weightlifters (age 23.3 [3.4] y, body mass 88.7 [10.2] kg, body height 1.76 [0.07] m, snatch 146.7 [15.4] kg, clean and jerk 179.4 [22.1] kg), all members of the national team, participated in the study. Athletes completed a 16-week periodized training program aiming to maximize their performance at the national competition event. Measurements, including maximal strength (1-repetition maximum) in snatch, clean and jerk, back and front squat, isometric leg press RFD and peak force, countermovement jump, vastus lateralis muscle architecture, and body composition, were performed before and after the training period. Results: Weightlifting performance increased significantly after training (P < .05). Leg press RFD increased only in time windows of 0 to 200 and 0 to 250 milliseconds after training (8.9% [8.5%] and 9.4% [7.7%], respectively, P < .05) while peak force remained unaltered (P < .05). Front squat strength increased significantly (P < .05), while countermovement jump power increased 2.3% (2.1%) (P < .05). No changes were observed for muscle architecture and lean body mass (P > .05). Significant correlations were observed between performance in snatch and clean and jerk with isometric leg press RFD, at all time windows, as well as with lean body mass and squat 1-repetition maximum. Conclusions: These results suggest that regular examination of RFD, lean body mass, and lower extremities’ 1-repetition maximum may be useful performance predictors in elite Olympic weightlifters.

scholarly journals Examining Some Motoric Features of Under-15 Badminton Players of National Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Tarık Sevindi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Jumping Test

The aim of this research is to compare the motoric features of badminton players of the national teams participated in International tournament under-15, and to determine whether there is a correlation between the development level of motoric features and the results. Totally 48 players participated in the study, from 6 countries (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Georgia) participating in the 5th International Rumi Child Sport Games, 24 of whom were females and 24 males. Stature, bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), flexibility, dominant and non-dominant hand grasping power, standing long jump, sit-up for 30 seconds, vertical jumping test, and anaerobic strength values of the participants were detected. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the countries in terms of dominant hand grasping power, vertical jumping, and standing long jump values of the male players; and in terms of bodyweight, BMI, dominant and non-dominant hand grasping power values of the female players. As conclusion, it was found that the motoric features of the players ranked in the International Tournament under-15 were in better level, and it can be concluded for badminton sport that development of motoric features played an important role for success alongside with technique and tactic features.

Drop Landing Biomechanics in Individuals With and Without a Concussion History

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
Eric J. Shumski ◽  
Tricia M. Kasamatsu ◽  
Kathleen S. Wilson ◽  
Derek N. Pamukoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
External Moment ◽  
Concussion History

Research has identified an increased risk of lower extremity injury postconcussion, which may be due to aberrant biomechanics during dynamic tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare the drop landing biomechanics between individuals with and without a concussion history. Twenty-five individuals with and 25 without a concussion history were matched on age (±3 y), sex, and body mass index (±1 kg/m2). Three-dimensional landing biomechanics were recorded to obtain dependent variables (peak vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, knee flexion angle and external moment, knee abduction angle and external moment, and knee flexion and abduction angle at ground contact). A 1-way multivariate analysis of variance compared outcomes between groups. There was no difference in drop landing biomechanics between individuals with and without a concussion history (F10,39 = 0.460, P = .877, Wilk Λ = .918). There was an effect of time since concussion on knee flexion characteristics. Time since most recent concussion explained a significant amount of variation in both peak (ΔR2 = .177, β = −0.305, ΔP = .046) and initial ground contact (ΔR2 = .292, β = −0.204, ΔP = .008) knee flexion angle after covarying for sex and body mass index. Therefore, time since concussion should be considered when evaluating biomechanical patterns.

Effects of Resisted Sprints With Changes of Direction Through Several Relative Loads on Physical Performance in Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rodríguez-Osorio ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
External Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Moderate Load ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose: To compare the effects of resisted change-of-direction (COD) movements, using several relative loads, on soccer players’ physical performance. Methods: Fifty-four male soccer players were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 groups, which differed only in the magnitude of the external load used during the COD training: COD training without external load (COD-0; n = 16), COD training with a 12.5% body-mass external load (COD-12.5; n = 19), and COD training with a 50% body-mass external load (COD-50; n = 19). Participants performed the specific COD training twice per week for 6 wk. Before and after the training period, a battery of tests was completed: countermovement jump, 30-m running sprint (time in 10 m [T10], 20 m [T20], and 30 m [T30]), L-run test, and V-cut test. Results: Within-group comparisons showed substantial improvements in countermovement jump and T10 (likely) in COD-0, whereas countermovement jump, T10, and T20 were substantially enhanced (possibly to likely) in COD-50. COD-12.5 induced substantial improvements in all analyzed variables (likely to most likely). Between-groups comparisons showed better effects on all analyzed variables for COD-12.5 than for COD-0 (possibly to very likely), whereas COD-50 only showed possibly better effects than COD-0 on T10. In addition, COD-12.5 induced a better effect on L-run and V-cut tests than COD-50 (possibly to likely). Conclusions: These results indicate that COD training, especially moderate load (12.5% body mass) resisted COD training, may have a positive effect on COD skills, running sprint performance, and jumping ability in young soccer players.

scholarly journals Influence of Strength Level on the Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following Flywheel and Free Weight Resistance Training

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7156
Author(s):  
Borja Sañudo ◽  
Moisés de Hoyo ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-López
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response to the acute inertial flywheel (FW) and free weight resistance training (TRA) on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) and sprint performance (10 m sprint). This study used a randomized crossover design including twenty-eight healthy males that were divided into strong (relative one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat > 2.0 × body mass) and weak (relative 1RM back squat < 2.0 × body mass) groups. All participants performed the following: (a) three reps at 90% of their 1RM back squat (TRA) and (b) three reps on an inertial FW (plus one repetition to initiate flywheel movement) with an intensity that generated a mean propulsive velocity equal to that achieved with 90% of the 1RM back squat. Before and after the conditioning activity, participants performed two CMJs and two 10 m sprints. Within-group analyses showed significantly greater CMJ (d > 0.9, p < 0.001) and sprint performance (d > 0.5, p < 0.05) in the FW and the TRA group. Between-group analysis showed that sprint changes were significantly greater in the FW-strong group when compared with the TRA (F1,18 = 5.11, p = 0.036, η2p = 0.221—large) group. These results suggest that using a squat activation protocol on a FW may lead to an acute positive effect on jump and sprint performance, especially in stronger individuals.

scholarly journals Leg stiffness and sprint ability in amputee sprinters

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Shuichi Tominaga ◽  
Shingo Umezawa ◽  
Koudai Iwashita ◽  
Atsuo Okino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Sprint Ability

Background:Understanding leg stiffness ( Kleg) in amputee sprinters is important for the evaluation of their sprint ability and development of running-specific prostheses (RSP).Objectives:To investigate Klegduring hopping in amputee sprinters.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Seven transtibial (TT) and seven transfemoral (TF) amputee sprinters, as well as seven non-active able-bodied subjects, performed one-legged hopping matching metronome beats at 2.2 Hz. Amputees hopped on their sound limb whereas able-bodied (AB) subjects hopped on their dominant limb. Using a spring-mass model, Klegwas calculated from the subjects’ body mass, ground contact and flight times.Results:Both TT and TF sprinters demonstrated significantly higher Klegthan AB subjects. Klegduring hopping on the sound leg significantly correlated with personal records attained in a 100-m sprint in both TT (r = −0.757) and TF sprinters (r = −0.855).Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that amputee sprinters have a greater Klegduring hopping than inactive non-amputees, and that their sprint ability can be predicted from the Klegduring hopping at 2.2 Hz on the sound limb.Clinical relevanceExercise challenges need to be taken into consideration when planning routine training regimens for amputee sprinters. Furthermore, increased understanding of Klegin amputee sprinters is relevant to evaluate their sprint ability and develop running-specific prostheses.

scholarly journals The Explosive Power And Speed Abilities Of Lower Extremities Of Young Basketball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gallová ◽  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Kestutis Matulaitis ◽  
Mitja Bračič
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Explosive Power

SummaryThe authors compared selected somatic data and test results in 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CJM) of 14-year-old Lithuanian players from Sabonis Center (LT, n=143; body height: 173.7 ± 8.99 cm; body mass: 59.30 ± 11.40 kg), and Slovenian (SLO, n=84; body height: 172.8 ± 9.96 cm; body mass: 60.10 ± 12.49 kg) and Slovak national team players (SVK, n=42, body height: 177.5 ± 9.07 cm; body mass: 63.32 ± 11.36 kg). The SVK players were divided into the narrow pick (A-team, n=16) and broader roster (B-team, n=26). Within the SVK groups, significant differences between the A-team and B-team have been found in terms of body height (p<0.05) and body mass measurements (p<0.01), and in the test 20 m sprint (p<0.05). In CMJ results, the differences of the A-team and B-team have not been statistically significant. In the international comparison SVK players were taller than SLO and LT players (p <0.05). In the test 20 m sprint SVK players have achieved significantly better results (LT p <0.05, SLO p <0.01). On the contrary, in CMJ test the results (height of the jump) of SVK players were significantly worse than SLO and LT players (p<0.01).

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