scholarly journals A combined strategy to detect plasma samples reliably with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in routine laboratories

2021 ◽  
pp. 104984
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Christoph Lichtenberg ◽  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Jörg Timm ◽  
Johannes Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Combined Strategy

scholarly journals A combined strategy to detect plasma samples reliably with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in routine laboratories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Christoph Lichtenberg ◽  
Lisa Mueller ◽  
Joerg Timm ◽  
Johannes Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Combined Strategy ◽  
Common Cell

The determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is of interest in many respects. High NAb titers, for example, are the most important criterion regarding the effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy. However, common cell culture-based NAb assays are time-consuming and feasible only in special laboratories. Our data reveal the suitability of a novel ELISA-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) to easily measure the inhibition-capability of NAbs in the plasma of COVID-19 convalescents. We propose a combined strategy to detect plasma samples with high NAb titers (≥ 1:160) reliably and to, simultaneously, reduce the risk of erroneously identifying low-titer specimens. For this approach, results of the sVNT assay are compared to and combined with those acquired from the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Both assays are appropriate for high-throughput screening in standard BSL-2 laboratories. Our measurements further show a long-lasting humoral immunity of at least 11 months after symptom onset.

scholarly journals Antigenic Change in Human Influenza A(H2N2) Viruses Detected by Using Human Plasma from Aged and Younger Adult Individuals

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matsuzawa ◽  
Iwatsuki-Horimoto ◽  
Nishimoto ◽  
Abe ◽  
Fukuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antigenic Cartography

Human influenza A(H2N2) viruses emerged in 1957 and were replaced by A(H3N2) viruses in 1968. The antigenicity of human H2N2 viruses has been tested by using ferret antisera or mouse and human monoclonal antibodies. Here, we examined the antigenicity of human H2N2 viruses by using human plasma samples obtained from 50 aged individuals who were born between 1928 and 1933 and from 33 younger adult individuals who were born after 1962. The aged individuals possessed higher neutralization titers against H2N2 viruses isolated in 1957 and 1963 than those against H2N2 viruses isolated in 1968, whereas the younger adults who were born between 1962 and 1968 possessed higher neutralization titers against H2N2 viruses isolated in 1963 than those against other H2N2 viruses. Antigenic cartography revealed the antigenic changes that occurred in human H2N2 viruses during circulation in humans for 11 years, as detected by ferret antisera. These results show that even though aged individuals were likely exposed to more recent H2N2 viruses that are antigenically distinct from the earlier H2N2 viruses, they did not possess high neutralizing antibody titers to the more recent viruses, suggesting immunological imprinting of these individuals with the first H2N2 viruses they encountered and that this immunological imprinting lasts for over 50 years.

Presence of antibody in virus-infected brain cells of SSPE ferrets

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 804-805
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Tammy L. Donato ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. IgG/albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS. Using the ferret as an animal model to study the disease, we have been attempting to localize the Ig's in the brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of SSPE. In an earlier report, preliminary results using Protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) (Dynatech Diagnostics Inc., South Windham, ME.) to detect antibodies revealed the presence of immunoglobulin mainly in antibody-producing plasma cells in inflammatory lesions and not in infected brain cells.In the present experiment we studied the brain of an SSPE ferret with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 in serum and 1:512 in CSF at time of sacrifice 7 months after i.c. inoculation with SSPE measles virus-infected cells. The animal was perfused with saline and portions of the brain and spinal cord were immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (P-L-P) fixative. The ferret was not perfused with fixative because parts of the brain were used for virus isolation.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Efficacy in Life-Threatening COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abuzakouk ◽  
Khaled Saleh ◽  
Manuel Algora ◽  
Ahmad Nusair ◽  
Jawahir Alameri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Inverse Probability Weights ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Disease Severity Scale

(1) Background: There are limited data regarding the efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to determine whether CP is associated with better clinical outcome among these patients. (2) Methods: A retrospective single-center study including adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure. The primary outcome was time to clinical improvement, within 28 days, defined as patient discharged alive or reduction of 2 points on a 6-point disease severity scale. (3) Results: Overall, 110 COVID-19 patients were admitted. Thirty-two patients (29%) received CP; among them, 62.5% received at least one CP with high neutralizing antibody titers (≥1:160). Clinical improvement occurred within 28 days in 14 patients (43.7%) of the CP group vs. 48 patients (61.5%) in the non-CP group (hazard ratio (HR): 0.75 (95% CI: 0.41–1.37), p = 0.35). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, CP was not independently associated with time to clinical improvement (HR: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.23–1.22), p = 0.14). Additionally, the average treatment effects of CP, calculated using the inverse probability weights (IPW), was not associated with the primary outcome (−0.14 days (95% CI: −3.19–2.91 days), p = 0.93). Hospital mortality did not differ between CP and non-CP groups (31.2% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.17, respectively). Comparing CP with high neutralizing antibody titers to the other group yielded the same findings. (4) Conclusions: In this study of life-threatening COVID-19 patients, CP was not associated with time to clinical improvement within 28 days, or hospital mortality.

scholarly journals Serum Neutralizing Activity against B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Claudia Maria Trombetta ◽  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Simonetta Viviani ◽  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Linda Benincasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Pandemic Wave

The recent spreading of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, carrying several mutations in the spike protein, could impact immune protection elicited by natural infection or conferred by vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the neutralizing activity against the viral variants that emerged in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7), Brazil (P.1), and South Africa (B.1.351) in human serum samples from hospitalized patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave in Italy in 2020. Of the patients studied, 59.5% showed a decrease (≥2 fold) in neutralizing antibody titer against B.1.1.7, 83.3% against P.1, and 90.5% against B.1.351 with respect to the original strain. The reduction in antibody titers against all analyzed variants, and in particular P.1 and B.1.351, suggests that previous symptomatic infection might be not fully protective against exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying a set of relevant spike mutations.

scholarly journals COVID ‐19 convalescent plasma cohort study: evaluation of the association between both donor and recipient neutralizing antibody titers and patient outcomes

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula H. Yokoyama ◽  
Silvano Wendel ◽  
Carolina Bonet‐Bub ◽  
Roberta M. Fachini ◽  
Ana Paula F. Dametto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Antibody Titers

scholarly journals Multivalent nanoparticle-based vaccines protect hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 after a single immunization

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Chiba ◽  
Steven J. Frey ◽  
Peter J. Halfmann ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
Tadashi Maemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc as worldwide SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and death rates climb unabated. Effective vaccines remain the most promising approach to counter SARS-CoV-2. Yet, while promising results are emerging from COVID-19 vaccine trials, the need for multiple doses and the challenges associated with the widespread distribution and administration of vaccines remain concerns. Here, we engineered the coat protein of the MS2 bacteriophage and generated nanoparticles displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The use of these nanoparticles as vaccines generated high neutralizing antibody titers and protected Syrian hamsters from a challenge with SARS-CoV-2 after a single immunization with no infectious virus detected in the lungs. This nanoparticle-based vaccine platform thus provides protection after a single immunization and may be broadly applicable for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 and future pathogens with pandemic potential.

scholarly journals Vaccination against Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Infant Ferrets with and without Maternal Antibody Protection, Using Recombinant Attenuated Poxvirus Vaccines

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 6358-6367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Welter ◽  
Jill Taylor ◽  
James Tartaglia ◽  
Enzo Paoletti ◽  
Charles B. Stephensen
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Rabies Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. The model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against challenge infection at 12 weeks of age. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 5) or ALVAC-HF (n = 4) developed significant neutralizing titers (log10 inverse mean titer ± standard deviation of 2.30 ± 0.12 and 2.20 ± 0.34, respectively) by the day of challenge, and all survived with no clinical or virologic evidence of infection. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) developed lower neutralizing titers, with NYVAC-HF producing higher titers at challenge (1.11 ± 0.57 versus 0.40 ± 0.37, P = 0.02) and a better survival rate (6/7 versus 0/5, P = 0.008) than ALVAC-HF. Ferrets with maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 7) and ALVAC-HF (n = 7) developed significantly higher antibody titers (1.64 ± 0.54 and 1.28 ± 0.40, respectively) than did ferrets immunized with an attenuated CDV vaccine (0.46 ± 0.59;n = 7) or the recombinant vectors expressing rabies glycoprotein (RG) (0.19 ± 0.32; n = 8,P = 7 × 10−6). The NYVAC vaccine also protected against weight loss, and both the NYVAC and attenuated CDV vaccines protected against the development of some clinical signs of infection, although survival in each of the three vaccine groups was low (one of seven) and not significantly different from the RG controls (none of eight). Combined i.n.-parenteral immunization of ferrets with maternal antibody using NYVAC-HF (n = 9) produced higher titers (1.63 ± 0.25) than did i.n. immunization with NYVAC-HF (0.88 ± 0.36; n = 9) and ALVAC-HF (0.61 ± 0.43; n = 9, P = 3 × 10−7), and survival was also significantly better in the i.n.-parenteral group (3 of 9) than in the other HF-vaccinated animals (none of 18) or in controls immunized with RG (none of 5) (P = 0.0374). Multiple routes were not tested with the ALVAC vaccine. The results suggest that infant ferrets are less responsive to i.n. vaccination than are older ferrets and raises questions about the appropriateness of this route of immunization in infant ferrets or infants of other species.

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