Effects of nearly four decades of long-term fertilization on the availability, fraction and environmental risk of cadmium and arsenic in red soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 113097
Author(s):  
Peng Gao ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lijuan Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Sonnenberg ◽  
Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross

Background: The etiology of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis is unknown. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are believed to play a role in both diseases. Objectives: To compare the long-term time trends of the two diseases and thus gain insight about their etiology. Methods: We analyzed mortality data of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis from Canada, England, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States during the past 60 years. Age–period–cohort (APC) analyses based on logit models served to disentangle the separate influences of age, period, and cohort effects on the overall time trends. Results: The long-term time trends of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis have been shaped by strikingly similar birth-cohort patterns. In both diseases alike, mortality increased in all generations born prior to 1910. It peaked among generations born between 1910 and 1930 and then declined in all subsequent generations. Similar birth-cohort patterns of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis were found in each country analyzed separately. Conclusion: The birth-cohort patterns indicate that the development of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis is influenced by exposure to environmental risk factors during an early period of life. These environmental risk factors may be similar or even identical in Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Yongjiu Feng ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Tong ◽  
Jiafeng Wang ◽  
Shurui Chen ◽  
...  

Regional environmental risk (RER) denotes potential threats to the natural environment, human health and socioeconomic development caused by specific risks. It is valuable to assess long-term RER in coastal areas with the increasing effects of global change. We proposed a new approach to assess coastal RER considering spatial factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and used a future land use simulation (FLUS) model to project future RER scenarios considering the impact of sea level rise (SLR). In our study, the RER status was classified in five levels as highest, high, medium, low and lowest. We evaluated the 30 m × 30 m gridded spatial pattern of the long-term RER at Ningbo of China by assessing its 1975–2015 history and projecting this to 2020–2050. Our results show that RER at Ningbo has increased substantially over the past 40 years and will slowly increase over the next 35 years. Ningbo’s city center and district centers are exposed to medium-to-highest RER, while the suburban areas are exposed to lowest-to-medium lower RER. Storm surges will lead to strong RER increases along the Ningbo coast, with the low-lying northern coast being more affected than the mountainous southern coast. RER at Ningbo is affected principally by the combined effects of increased human activity, rapid population growth, rapid industrialization, and unprecedented urbanization. This study provides early warnings to support practical regulation for disaster mitigation and environmental protection.


2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi

This research addressed environmental risk perception depending on the target evaluated and on the category of hazard (technological and chemical hazards, climate change, loss of biodiversity). Correlations between environmental risk assessment and pro-environmental behavioural intentions were also tested. In a sample of 113 French adults, 15 different environmental risks were evaluated for four different risk targets (oneself, the inhabitants of the town, the inhabitants of the country, and humanity). As expected, environmental hazards were perceived as a greater risk for larger areas. Moreover, risks difficult to conceptualise, which contain both high uncertainty and long-term consequences (climate change, loss of biodiversity) are perceived as less risk to oneself and to the inhabitants of the town and the country of residence than more concrete and immediate risks (technological and chemical). Only the technological and chemical hazards significantly predict pro-environmental behavioural intentions.


Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  

ic health requires processing large amounts of data from long-term research, which necessitates the use of modern geoinformation technologies. Geoinformation technologies are a mechanism for assessing environmental risks to public health in conditions of man-made air pollution in cities. The results obtained in the course of long-term monitoring studies are summarized in the GIS environment “Environmental and socio-economic conditions of cities in Central Russia”. The collection of information to characterize the functional and planning structure and landscape and environmental conditions for the model regions was carried out on the basis of special field research, processing of stock, including cartographic, material of regional integrated and sectoral environmental agencies. Currently, Russia and the world have different approaches to assessing the environmental risk for the population living in industrial cities. In Russia, the methodology of the center for hygiene is most widely used. Erisman, as well as the methodology for assessing environmental risk developed by Professor V. Prevalence. Of studies environmental and social conditions in the city of Voronezh, conducted by researchers of Voronezh state University under the direction of Professor S.A. Kurolap collected in electronic health-environmental GIS-Atlas of the city of Voronezh. The Atlas contains maps showing the state of the environment, public health, and environmental risks in various parts of the city of Voronezh. Currently, various researchers have proposed a number of methodologies for geoinformation assessment of environmental safety of the population of large cities. At the same time, there is no unified approach to assessing environmental comfort that covers its various components, which makes it advisable to develop an integrated methodology based on the data available to us.


2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hunter

SummaryThere has been little pharmacological advance in the treatment of schizophrenia since the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s. This may be set to change as recent advances in molecular biology offer the prospect of a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and allow investigation of the complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. In this review I discuss future approaches to antipsychotic drug development, highlighting the need to better define symptom areas and develop drugs based on an understanding of neurobiological mechanisms. The development of biomarkers has the potential in future to improve differential diagnosis and help predict response to treatment. These developments herald the possibility of a more integrated drug discovery approach and the subsequent provision of more stratified healthcare, and hopefully significant improvements in patient care and improved long-term outcomes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 688-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Perico ◽  
David Askenazi ◽  
Monica Cortinovis ◽  
Giuseppe Remuzzi

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