scholarly journals The Cat with Neurological Manifestations of Systemic Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kent
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Practical relevance A number of systemic diseases are associated with neurological deficits. Most systemic diseases that impact on the nervous system result in multifocal neurological signs; however, isolated deficits can also be observed. This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. Clinical challenges Early recognition of systemic signs of illness in conjunction with neurological deficits will allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment. While neurological examination of the feline patient can undoubtedly be challenging, hopefully the accompanying articles in this special issue will enable the clinician to approach these cases with more confidence. Evidence base The veterinary literature contains numerous reports detailing the impact of systemic disease on the nervous system. Unfortunately, very few references provide detailed descriptions of large cohorts of affected cats. This review summarises the literature underpinning the four key diseases under discussion.

scholarly journals Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Saverio Capodiferro ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Gianfranco Favia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Current Special Issue

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.

Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Vasculitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1448-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gowdie ◽  
Marinka Twilt ◽  
Susanne M. Benseler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Central Nervous System Vasculitis ◽  
Secondary Central Nervous System

Central nervous system vasculitis is an increasingly recognized inflammatory brain disease causing devastating neurological deficits and psychiatric manifestations in previously healthy children. Primary central nervous system vasculitis represents an isolated inflammatory attack targeting the cerebral vessels. In contrast, in children with secondary central nervous system vasculitis, an underlying condition can be identified. The spectrum of childhood primary and secondary central nervous system vasculitis is rapidly expanding, as is the differential diagnosis including nonvasculitic inflammatory brain diseases and noninflammatory vasculopathies. Early recognition, rapid diagnostic evaluation, and initiation of treatment have led to improved morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging characteristics of the distinct subtypes of primary childhood central nervous system vasculitis, reports the etiology of secondary central nervous system vasculitis, provides an overview of the differential diagnosis, and reviews the current approaches in treatment.

scholarly journals Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Granger ◽  
Natasha J. Olby ◽  
Yvette S. Nout-Lomas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Impact

Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to recognize, interpret and are easily overlooked. Nevertheless, it is crucial to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact of micturition and defecation disturbances on the animal's condition, welfare and on the owner. The management of these disabilities is all the more challenging that the autonomic nervous system physiology is a complex topic. In this review, we propose to briefly remind the reader the physiology of micturition and defecation in dogs. We then present the bladder and gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with sacral lesions (i.e., the L7-S3 spinal cord segments and nerves) and supra-sacral lesions (i.e., cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment), largely in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. We summarize what is known about the natural recovery of urinary and fecal continence in dogs after spinal cord injury. In particular we review the incidence of urinary tract infection after injury. We finally explore the past and recent literature describing management of urinary and fecal dysfunction in the acute and chronic phase of spinal cord injury. This comprises medical therapies but importantly a number of surgical options, some known for decades such as sacral nerve stimulation, that might spark some interest in the field of spinal cord injury in companion dogs.

Head Trauma in the Cat: 2. Assessment and Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Garosi ◽  
Sophie Adamantos
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Current Evidence

Practical relevance Feline trauma patients are commonly seen in general practice and frequently have sustained some degree of brain injury. Clinical challenges Cats with traumatic brain injuries may have a variety of clinical signs, ranging from minor neurological deficits to life-threatening neurological impairment. Appropriate management depends on prompt and accurate patient assessment, and an understanding of the pathophysiology of brain injury. The most important consideration in managing these patients is maintenance of cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. For cats with severe head injury requiring decompressive surgery, early intervention is critical. Evidence base There is a limited clinical evidence base to support the treatment of traumatic brain injury in cats, despite its relative frequency in general practice. Appropriate therapy is, therefore, controversial in veterinary medicine and mostly based on experimental studies or human head trauma studies. This review, which sets out to describe the specific approach to diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury in cats, draws on the current evidence, as far as it exists, as well as the authors' clinical experience.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Systemic Diseases in the Breast: Clinical, Imaging and Pathologic Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-599
Author(s):  
Shahla Masood
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Condition Versus ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Impact

Despite tremendous efforts placed on advances in diagnosis and treatment of the spectrum of breast disease, the impact of systemic diseases on the breast has remained under recognized. Distinction between a variety of benign breast diseases versus those that are manifestations of a systemic disease is critically important for appropriate treatment planning and follow-up of patients. This article is designed to provide an overview of different systemic diseases that can present as a breast lesion. Attempts are made to highlight the significance of the distinction between benign breast disease versus benign conditions that present as the result of a systemic disease. Naturally, distinction between any benign condition versus breast carcinoma is a part of the evaluation process.

scholarly journals Intramedullary spinal cord paracoccidioidomycosis: report of two cases

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
João Alberto Assirati Jr ◽  
Hélio Rubens Machado ◽  
José Fernando de Castro Figueiredo ◽  
Leila Chimelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Intramedullary Tumor ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Intramedullary Lesion ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Two cases of intramedullary paracoccidioidomycosis are reported. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic disease that involves the buccopharyngeal mucosa, lungs, lymph nodes and viscera and infrequently the central nervous system. Localization in the spinal cord is rare. Case 1: a 55-year old male admitted with crural pararesis, tactile/painful hypesthesia and sphincter disturbances of 15 days duration. Cutaneous-pulmonary blastomycosis was diagnosed 17 years ago. Myelotomography showed a blockade of T3-T4 (intramedullary lesion). The lesion surgically removed was a Paracoccidioides brasiliensis granuloma. Treatment with sulfadiazine was started after the surgery. Follow-up of 15 month showed an improvement of the clinical signs. Case 2: a 57-year old male was admitted elsewhere 6 months ago and, with a radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, was treated with amphotericin B. He progressively developed paresthesia and tactile/ pain anaesthesia on the left side, sphincter disturbances and tetraparesis with bilateral extensor plantar response and clonus of the feet. Myelotomography showed a blockade of C4-C6 (intramedullary lesion). The lesion was not found during surgical exploration and the patient deteriorated and died. Post-mortem examination revealed an intramedullary tumor above the site of the mielotomy (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis granuloma). The preoperative diagnosis of intramedullary paracoccidioidomycotic granulomas is difficult because the clinical and radiologic manifestations are uncharacteristic. Clinical suspicion was possible in our cases based on the history of previous systemic disease. Contrary to intracranial localizations, paracoccidioidomycotic granulomas causing progressive spinal cord compression may require early surgery because response to clinical treatment is slow and the reversibility of neurological deficits depends on the promptness of the decompression.

scholarly journals Evolving paradigms in the field of periodontal medicine: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Vindeshwari Bhatia ◽  
Ajay Mahajan ◽  
Kanwarijit Singh Asi ◽  
Ashadeep
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Periodontal Medicine ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

The association between the oral and systemic health has been a matter of discussion since the focal infection theory of the early 20century. This field has evolved with supportable evidence linking poor periodontal status with systemic diseases and extensive research on this complex relationship has given rise to new field of “Periodontal Medicine.” Although the evidence base is quite large on the impact of systemic disorders on periodontium but a smaller but growing evidence base supports an association between poor periodontal health and systemic diseases. Moreover, today’s era of evidence-based medicine and dentistry provides an excellent environment to examine the possible relationships between oral infection and systemic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of writing this review article is to understand the underlying pathophysiology between periodontal health and systemic health with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on systemic outcomes.

β-Mannosidosis: Myelin and oligodendrocyte lesions in brain and spinal cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Lovell ◽  
Margaret Z. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Axonal Spheroids ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pendular Nystagmus ◽  
Myelin Deficits ◽  
Recessive Defect ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Caprine β-mannosidosis, an autosomal recessive defect of glycoprotein catabolism, is associated with a deficiency of tissue and plasma -mannosidase and with tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of oligosaccharides, including the trisaccharide Man(β1-4)GlcNAc(βl-4)GlcNAc and the disaccharide Man(β1-4)GlcNAc. This genetic disorder is evident at birth, with severe neurological deficits including a marked intention tremor, pendular nystagmus, ataxia and inability to stand. Major pathological characteristics described in Nubian goats in Michigan and in Anglo-Nubian goats in New South Wales include widespread cytoplasmic vacuolation in the nervous system and viscera, axonal spheroids, and severe myelin paucity in the brain but not spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Light microscopic examination revealed marked regional variation in the severity of central nervous system myelin deficits, with some brain areas showing nearly complete absence of myelin and other regions characterized by the presence of 25-50% of the control number of myelin sheaths.

Pengaruh Lintas Budaya Pada Pemasaran Internasional Dengan Pendekatan Perilaku Konsumen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Endy Gunanto ◽  
Yenni Kurnia Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Impact

In this article we present a conceptual of the effect of cross culture on consumer behavior incorporating the impact of globalization. This conceptual idea shows that culture inûuences various domains of consumer behavior directly as well as through international organization to implement marketing strategy. The conceptual identify several factors such as norm and value in the community, several variables and also depicts the impact of other environmental factors and marketing strategy elements on consumer behavior. We also identify categories of consumer culture orientation resulting from globalization. Highlights of each of the several other articles included in this special issue in Asia region. We conclude with the contributions of the articles in terms of the consumer cultural orientations and identify directions for future research.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

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