In-vitro biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical strength of PMMA-PCL polymer containing fluorapatite and graphene oxide bone cements

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pahlevanzadeh ◽  
H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
E. Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility

Silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite reinforced fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deniz Dalgic ◽  
Ammar Z. Alshemary ◽  
Ayşen Tezcaner ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In this study, novel graphene oxide–incorporated silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite composites were prepared and their potential use for bone tissue engineering was investigated by developing an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold. Nanocomposite groups were synthesized to have two different ratios of graphene oxide (2 and 4 wt%) to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide incorporation and groups with different silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite content was prepared to investigate optimum concentrations of both silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide. Three-dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were prepared by wet electrospinning and reinforced with silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite groups to improve bone regeneration potency. Microstructural and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Protein adsorption and desorption on material surfaces were studied using fetal bovine serum. Presence of graphene oxide in the scaffold, dramatically increased the protein adsorption with decreased desorption. In vitro biocompatibility studies were conducted using human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Electrospun scaffold group that was prepared with effective concentrations of silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide particles (poly(ε-caprolactone) – 10% silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite – 4% graphene oxide) showed improved adhesion, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other scaffold groups.

Design of a graphene oxide-BODIPY conjugate for glutathione depletion and photodynamic therapy

2D Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Reina ◽  
Amalia Ruiz ◽  
Barbara Richichi ◽  
Giacomo Biagiotti ◽  
Gina Elena Giacomoazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Bathochromic Shift ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility

Abstract Boron dipyrromethene derivates (BODIPYs) are promising photosensitisers (PSs) for cancer treatment using photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study investigates the functionalisation of graphene oxide (GO) with a BODIPY derivate for glutathione (GSH) depletion and PDT. The functionalisation of GO with a 3,5-dichloro-8-(4-boronophenyl) BODIPY via a diol derivatisation with the phenyl boronic acid moiety at the meso position of the BODIPY core, allowed to preserve the intrinsic properties of GO. We demonstrated that both chlorine atoms were substituted by GSH in the presence of glutathione transferase (GST), inducing a relevant bathochromic shift in the absorption/emission features and thus generating the active PS. Ex vitro assessment using cell lysates containing cytoplasmatic GST revealed the intracellular catalytic mechanism for the nucleophilic substitution of the GO-BODIPY adduct with GSH. Confocal microscopy studies showed important differences in the cellular uptake of free BODIPY and GO-BODIPY and revealed the coexistence of GO-BODIPY, GO-BODIPY-GS, and GO-BODIPY-GS2 species inside vesicles and in the cytoplasm of the cells after 24 h of incubation. In vitro biocompatibility and safety of GO and GO-BODIPY were evaluated in 2D and 3D models of prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC-3), where no toxicity was observed up to 100 µg/mL of GO/GO-BODIPY in all treated groups 24 h post-treatment (cell viability > 90%). Only a slight decrease to 80% at 100 µg/mL was observed after 48 h of incubation. We demonstrated the efficacy of a GO adduct containing an α-chlorine-substituted BODIPY for the simultaneous depletion of intracellular GSH and the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species using a halogen white light source (5.4 mW/cm2) with a maximum in the range of 500-800 nm, which significantly reduced cell viability (< 50%) after irradiation. Our study provides a new vision on how to apply BODIPY derivates and potentiate the toxicity of PDT in prostate and other types of cancer.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide Oxygen Content Affects Physical and Biological Properties of Scaffolds Based on Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Conjugates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Francolini ◽  
Elena Perugini ◽  
Ilaria Silvestro ◽  
Mariangela Lopreiato ◽  
Anna Scotto d’Abusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Tissue engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field of medicine aiming at regenerating damaged tissues by combining cells with porous scaffolds materials. Scaffolds are templates for tissue regeneration and should ensure suitable cell adhesion and mechanical stability throughout the application period. Chitosan (CS) is a biocompatible polymer highly investigated for scaffold preparation but suffers from poor mechanical strength. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was conjugated to chitosan at two weight ratios 0.3% and 1%, and the resulting conjugates were used to prepare composite scaffolds with improved mechanical strength. To study the effect of GO oxidation degree on scaffold mechanical and biological properties, GO samples at two different oxygen contents were employed. The obtained GO/CS scaffolds were highly porous and showed good swelling in water, though to a lesser extent than pure CS scaffold. In contrast, GO increased scaffold thermal stability and mechanical strength with respect to pure CS, especially when the GO at low oxygen content was used. The scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility using human primary dermal fibroblasts was also affected by the type of used GO. Specifically, the GO with less content of oxygen provided the scaffold with the best biocompatibility.

Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and in Vitro Biocompatibility with Osteoblasts of Calcium Silicate–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 3947-3962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mehrali ◽  
Ehsan Moghaddam ◽  
Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi ◽  
Saeid Baradaran ◽  
Mohammad Mehrali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Oxide Composites

scholarly journals Comprehensive Appraisal of Graphene–Oxide Ratio in Porous Biopolymer Hybrids Targeting Bone-Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
George Mihail Vlasceanu ◽  
Aida Șelaru ◽  
Sorina Dinescu ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Hildegard Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility

The bone-tissue engineering (BTE) field is continuously growing due to a major need for bone substitutes in cases of serious traumas, when the bone tissue has reduced capacity for self-regeneration. So far, graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced natural materials provide satisfactory results for BTE, for both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new biocomposite consisting of chitosan and fish gelatin crosslinked with genipin and loaded with various concentrations of GO (0.5, 1, 2, 3 wt.%) for prospective BTE applications. Scaffold characterizations revealed a constant swelling degree and good resistance to enzyme degradation. The composites presented a porous structure with pores of similar size, thus mimicking the bone structure. In vitro biocompatibility assays demonstrated an overall beneficial interaction between preosteoblasts, and these particular composites, particularly with 0.5 wt.% GO, reinforced composition. Next, the materials were implanted subcutaneously in 6-week old CD1 mice for in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility and inflammatory activity. Immunohistochemical staining revealed maximal cell infiltration and minimal inflammatory reaction for fish gelatin/chitosan/genipin with 0.5 wt.% GO scaffold, thus demonstrating the best biocompatibility for this particular composition, confirming the in vitro results. This study revealed the potential use of fish gelatin/chitosan GO composites for further implementation in the BTE field.

Functionalized Nano-graphene Oxide as Multi-modal Clinic for Effective Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3768-3771
Author(s):  
Soumitra Satapathi ◽  
Rutusmita Mishra ◽  
Manisha Chatterjee ◽  
Partha Roy ◽  
Somesh Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Nano Graphene

Nano-materials based drug delivery modalities to specific organs and tissues has become one of the critical endeavors in pharmaceutical research. Recently, two-dimensional graphene has elicited considerable research interest because of its potential application in drug delivery systems. Here we report, the drug delivery applications of PEGylated nano-graphene oxide (nGO-PEG), complexed with a multiphoton active and anti-cancerous diarylheptanoid drug curcumin. Specifically, graphene-derivatives were used as nanovectors for the delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer drug curcumin due to its high surface area and easy surface functionalization. nGO was synthesized by modified Hummer’s method and confirmed by XRD analysis. The formation of nGO, nGO-PEG and nGO-PEG-Curcumin complex were monitored through UV-vis, IR spectroscopy. MTT assay and AO/EB staining found that nGO-PEG-Curcumin complex afforded highly potent cancer cell killing in vitro with a human breast cancer cell line MCF7.

Direct growth of thermally reduced graphene oxide on carbon fiber for enhanced mechanical strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 108010
Author(s):  
Beom-Gon Cho ◽  
Shalik Ram Joshi ◽  
Jaekyo Lee ◽  
Young-Bin Park ◽  
Gun-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Direct Growth
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