scholarly journals Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 417 ◽  
pp. 117085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sharifian-Dorche ◽  
Philippe Huot ◽  
Michael Osherov ◽  
Dingke Wen ◽  
Alexander Saveriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
V.V. Simonenko ◽  
T.N. Vakal ◽  
D.S. Mikhalik ◽  
G.V. Zhukov ◽  
L.I. Nikolaenkova
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

scholarly journals Pregnancy and Zika virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
T. V. Startseva ◽  
N. N. Kanshina ◽  
M. V. Tretyakova ◽  
V. O. Bitsadze ◽  
J. Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Urban Cycle

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus Flavivirus and the Flaviviridae family. In 1947 and 1948 ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate as well as from mosquitoes in Africa, respectively. For half a century, ZIKV infections in human were sporadic prior to 2015–2016 pandemic spreading. Transmission of ZIKV from mother to fetus can occur in any trimester of pregnancy, even if mother was an asymptomatic carrier. The clinical signs of ZIKV infection are nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as some other infectious diseases, especially those caused by arboviruses such as Dengue and Chikungunya. ZIKV infection was solely associated with mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian and Brazil outbreaks, when severe neurological complications, Guillain–Barre syndrome and dramatically increased rate of severe congenital malformations (including microcephaly) were reported. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle in endemic areas suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. The pandemic of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) demonstrates that lessons from ZIKV pandemic propagation has not been learned properly.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study the Zoonotic Mosquito-Borne Usutu Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Emna Benzarti ◽  
Mutien Garigliany
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Human Infections

Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus discovered in South Africa in 1959, has spread to many European countries over the last 20 years. The virus is currently a major concern for animal health due to its expanding host range and the growing number of avian mass mortality events. Although human infections with USUV are often asymptomatic, they are occasionally accompanied by neurological complications reminiscent of those due to West Nile virus (another flavivirus closely related to USUV). Whilst USUV actually appears less threatening than some other emergent arboviruses, the lessons learned from Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses during the past few years should not be ignored. Further, it would not be surprising if, with time, USUV disperses further eastwards towards Asia and possibly westwards to the Americas, which may result in more pathogenic USUV strains to humans and/or animals. These observations, inviting the scientific community to be more vigilant about the spread and genetic evolution of USUV, have prompted the use of experimental systems to understand USUV pathogenesis and to boost the development of vaccines and antivirals. This review is the first to provide comprehensive coverage of existing in vitro and in vivo models for USUV infection and to discuss their contribution in advancing data concerning this neurotropic virus. We believe that this paper is a helpful tool for scientists to identify gaps in the knowledge about USUV and to design their future experiments to study the virus.

scholarly journals Milestones in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering History: A Comparative Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. del Águila ◽  
José Palma ◽  
Samuel Túnez
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Software Development Methodologies

We present a review of the historical evolution of software engineering, intertwining it with the history of knowledge engineering because “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” This retrospective represents a further step forward to understanding the current state of both types of engineerings; history has also positive experiences; some of them we would like to remember and to repeat. Two types of engineerings had parallel and divergent evolutions but following a similar pattern. We also define a set of milestones that represent a convergence or divergence of the software development methodologies. These milestones do not appear at the same time in software engineering and knowledge engineering, so lessons learned in one discipline can help in the evolution of the other one.

scholarly journals Neurological and ENT manifestations in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
S. M. Megrelishvili ◽  
◽  
Ya. L. Shcherbakova ◽  
S. B. Sugarova ◽  
A. D. Kanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Portal Of Entry

Along with the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, and neurological manifestations of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the effects of this virus on the ENT organs is undeniable, as the main portal of entry of any respiratory infection. It has been proven that symptoms such as hypo- and anosmia are associated with one of the ways of the virus penetration – transnasal, through the olfactory nerves into the central nervous system. Otorhinolaryngological complaints of patients are not limited only to deterioration or loss of smell, many note the appearance of dizziness, tinnitus, worsening of the course of chronic sensorineural hearing loss, and in some cases – sudden hearing loss, which may indicate damage to the auditory and vestibular analyzer by a viral agent. The mechanisms of development of the corresponding complications at the moment are still unclear. The presented article is a review of the literature data of foreign and domestic sources, which examines the central and peripheral neurological complications, the pathways and molecular features of the penetration of the virus, as well as clinical cases of hearing impairment and the appearance of tinnitus against the background of new coronavirus infection. At the moment, information on the direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the auditory and vestibular analyzer is insufficient and scattered, which requires further observation with subsequent detailed analysis of the results.

scholarly journals Clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators in patients who have undergone COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Muso Urinov ◽  
Nigora Alikulova ◽  
Dilfuza Zukhritdinova ◽  
Mekhriddin Usmonov ◽  
Rakhimjon Urinov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

280 patients with COVID-19 were examined (average age 53.9±8.1 years; gender index 1.37:1.0 (162 men and 118 women). It was revealed that young people (especially women) were more common with a mild course of the disease (64.2%), middle – aged people-with a moderate-severe variant of COVID-19 (54.8%), In the group of patients with a severe course of coronavirus infection, female patients prevailed among the elderly, and among middle –aged men – 47.8% and 48.4%, respectively. The comorbid background before the disease CAVID-19 and the neurological complications that appeared on the background of CAVID-19 in the percentage ratio prevailed in males. There were no significant differences in the frequency of complications from the severity of the COVID-19 disease. It was revealed that at the time of hospitalization, all the studied markers of coagulation activity were changed and statistically significantly differed from the reference interval, which indicated the activation of the procoagulation potential. In the group of female patients, these indicators were more pronounced. CT examination revealed that the percentage of damage to both lungs was significantly higher in female patients compared to male patients.

scholarly journals New onset of generalized myasthenia gravis developed after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
P. Sh. Isabekova ◽  
M. P. Topuzova ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
New Onset

Development of various immune-mediated neurological complications after a viral infection is of particular interest to medical society during a pandemic of COVID-19. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to cause hyperstimulation of the immune system, thereby initiating developing of autoimmune diseases. The article describes a clinical case of new onset of generalized myasthenia gravis with thymoma in a patient after previous COVID-19. 

scholarly journals Academic Response to Storm-Related Natural Disasters—Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerris Hedges ◽  
Karam Soliman ◽  
Gene D’Amour ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Faculty And Administrators

On 30 October 2017, selected faculty and administrators from Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) grantee institutions gathered to share first-hand accounts of the devastating impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, which had interrupted academic activities, including research, education, and training in Puerto Rico, Florida, and Texas. The presenters reviewed emergency response measures taken by their institutions to maintain community health care access and delivery, the storm-related impact on clinical and research infrastructure, and strategies to retain locally grown clinical expertise and translational science research talent in the aftermath of natural disasters. A longer-term perspective was provided through a comparative review of lessons learned by one New Orleans-based institution (now more than a decade post-storm) in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Caring for the internal and external communities associated with each institution and addressing the health disparities exacerbated by storm-related events is one key strategy that will pay long-term dividends in the survival of the academic institutions and the communities they serve.

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