A conjugated fatty acid present at high levels in bitter melon seed favorably affects lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by increasing NAD+/NADH ratio and activating PPARα, AMPK and SIRT1 signaling pathway

Abstract Background: The body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in metabolism and gene expression. This transcriptome analysis of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) is aim to explore the characteristics in lipid deposition of different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. Results: Compared to DAFPs, the total lipid content was decreased (P <0.05) in DIMFPs after two days with 100% confluence. Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which are involved in the adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating a main contribution to the regulation of the difference of lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were down-regulated, but ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, SLC27A6 genes were up-regulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK-, TGF beta-, Calcium-, PPAR signaling pathway) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference of lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs were proposed based on the above information.Conclusions: Our data suggested the difference of lipid deposition between DIMPs and DAFPs of chicken in vitro, and proposed the molecular regulatory network for the difference of lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and optimizing body fat distribution in broilers.

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Bta-miR-124a Affects Lipid Metabolism by Regulating PECR Gene

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2596914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Binglei Shen ◽

Zhuonina Yang ◽

Shuo Han ◽

Ziwen Zou ◽

Juan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Target Gene ◽

Target Genes ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Candidate Target

According to our previous studies, bta-miR-124a was differentially expressed in breast tissue between high-fat and low-fat dairy cows. However, the function of bta-miR-124a in lipid metabolism of dairy cows and the identification of its target genes have not been reported. Therefore, this study will identify the target gene of bta-miR-124a and explore its role in the regulation of milk lipid metabolism. First, preliminary bioinformatics prediction of bta-miR-124a candidate target genes was performed, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze relative expression changes of bta-miR-124a and its candidate target genes and the expression level of the downstream gene of the target gene in the lipid metabolism signaling pathway in dairy mammary epithelial cell lines (Mac-T), using the dual luciferase reporter system for the identification of the targeting relationship between bta-miR-124a and the candidate target gene. Then, the effect of transfection of bta-miR-124a mimics and inhibitors on triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels was analyzed. The results indicate that bta-miR-124a directly interacts with the 3′-untranslated region of peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (PECR) to downregulate its expression in Mac-T cells. Further, bta-mir-124a regulates the expression of PECR and the downstream gene extension of very long chain fatty acid protein 2 (ELOVL2) through an unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis signaling pathway. In conclusion, bta-miR-124a is involved in lipid metabolism by directly downregulating the PECR gene and affecting the expression of the downstream gene ELOVL2 and regulates the content of some key secretory elements such as TG and FFA. The function of bta-miR-124a has a certain effect on the synthesis and secretion of milk fat in the mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows.

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Glucose-induced lipid deposition in goose primary hepatocytes is dependent on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs151210075h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 853-861

Author(s):

Chunchun Han ◽

Shouhai We ◽

Fang He ◽

Song Qi ◽

Xiangping Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Mtor Pathway ◽

Mtor Signaling ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽

Primary Hepatocytes

Previously we showed that fatty liver formation in overfed geese was accompanied by PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway activation and changes in plasma glucose concentrations. Here, we show that glucose acts in goose hepatocellular lipid metabolism through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. We observed that glucose increased lipogenesis, decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) assembly and secretion. Co-treatment with glucose and inhibitors of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway (LY294002, rapamycin, NVP-BEZ235) decreased the levels of factors involved in lipogenesis and increased the levels of factors involved in fatty acid oxidation and VLDL-TG assembly and secretion. These findings show that inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway decreased glucose-induced lipogenesis, inhibited the downregulation of fatty acid oxidation by glucose and increased the upregulation of VLDL-TG assembly and secretion by glucose. The results presented herein provide further support for the role of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in lipid metabolism as we showed that in goose primary hepatocytes, glucose acts through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-dependent pathway to stimulate lipid deposition by increasing lipogenesis and decreasing fatty acid oxidation and VLDL-TG assembly and secretion.

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Effects of Bitter Melon Saponin on the Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cell and C. elegans

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2020/8860356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Juan Bai ◽

Ying Zhu ◽

Jie Li ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Ying Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Hepg2 Cell ◽

Glucose Consumption ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Hepg2 Cell Line ◽

C Elegans ◽

Glut4 Expression ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

This study tried to explore how saponins from bitter melon (BMS) affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cell and glucose-treated Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Results showed that BMS could effectively accelerate glucose consumption and elevate the levels of glycogen and ATP in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cell, while significantly decreasing the triglyceride (TG) content. qRT-PCR data indicated that BMS might promote fatty acid β-oxidation by AMPK-ACC2-CPT1 pathway and glucose uptake by upregulating GLUT4 expression. In the model of glucose-treated C. elegans, we observed that BMS obviously inhibited fat accumulation, along with no toxicity towards some physical activities. The potential mechanism of BMS in the metabolism involved the suppression of synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and enhancement of fatty acid β-oxidation. Taken together, BMS exhibited ability of regulating energy metabolism in HepG2 cell line and C. elegans.

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Methyl Brevifolincarboxylate Attenuates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Hepatocytes through AMPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221810062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 10062

Author(s):

Madamanchi Geethangili ◽

Chiao-Wei Lin ◽

Harry J. Mersmann ◽

Shih-Torng Ding

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Coenzyme A ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases worldwide. This study examined the potential protective effects of a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, methyl brevifolincarboxylate (MBC) on fatty liver injury in vitro. The results showed that MBC at its non-cytotoxic concentrations, reduced lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride (TG) levels in the oleic acid (OA)-treated human hepatocarcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 and murine primary hepatocytes. In OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells and primary murine hepatocytes, MBC attenuated the mRNA expression levels of the de novo lipogenesis molecules, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (Acc1), fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp1c). MBC promoted the lipid oxidation factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (Pparα), and its target genes, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt1) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1) in both the SK-HEP-1 cells and primary murine hepatocytes. The mRNA results were further supported by the attenuated protein expression of lipogenesis and lipid oxidation molecules in OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. The MBC increased the expression of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. On the other hand, MBC treatment dampened the inflammatory mediator’s, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β secretion, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression (mRNA and protein) through reduced reactive oxygen species production in OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that MBC possessed potential protective effects against NAFLD in vitro by amelioration of lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers through the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

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PRY-1/AXIN signaling regulates lipid metabolism inCaenorhabditis elegans

10.1101/289462 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ayush Ranawade ◽

Avijit Mallick ◽

Bhagwati P Gupta

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Target Genes ◽

Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Central Component ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

A Genome

SUMMARYThe nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis a leading animal model to study how signaling pathway components function in conserved biological processes. Here, we describe the role of an Axin family member,pry-1, in lipid metabolism. As a central component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,pry-1acts as a scaffold to multiprotein destruction complex that negatively regulates the expression of Wnt target genes. A genome-wide transcriptome profiling ofpry-1mutant revealed genes associated with aging and lipid metabolism such as vitellogenins (yolk lipoproteins), fatty acid desaturases, lipases, and fatty acid transporters. Consistent with this we found thatpry-1is crucial for the normal adult lifespan and maintenance of lipid levels. Knock-downs ofvitgenes inpry-1mutant background restored lipid levels, suggesting that Vitellogenins contribute to PRY-1 function in lipid metabolic processes. Additionally, lowered expression of desaturases and lipidomics analysis provided evidence that the fatty acid synthesis is reduced inpry-1mutants. In agreement with this an exogenous supply of oleic acid restored depleted lipids in somatic tissues of worms. Overall, our findings demonstrate that PRY-1/Axin signaling is essential for lipid metabolism and involves regulation of yolk proteins.

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Study on Optimization of Extraction Technology for Bitter Melon Seed Oil by Supercritical CO2

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.354 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 618 ◽

pp. 354-361

Author(s):

Li Xu ◽

Hui Li Wang ◽

Chun Yan Wu ◽

Ming Hua Zhou ◽

Ya Yun Wang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Single Factor ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Melon Seed ◽

Melon Seed Oil

Bitter melon seed oil (BMSO) extracted by supercritical CO2was determined in the present study. At first, a single factor and orthogonal experiment were performed to explore the parameters of extraction pressure, temperature and time on the yield of oil. Then the constituents of extracted fatty acid were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that under the best conditions of extraction pressure (25MPa), extraction temperature (50°C) and extraction time (100 minutes), the yield of oil from shelling bitter melon seed was 36.1% with the CO2flow rate kept at 10kf/h. Moreover, BMSO was rich in linolenic acid and stearic acid, accounting for 42.362% and 31.481% respectively.

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The anti-adiposity effect of bitter melon seed oil is solely attributed to its fatty acid components

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-017-0578-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gou-Chun Chen ◽

Wen-Hung Chen ◽

Kuo-Tang Tseng ◽

Pei-Min Chao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Melon Seed ◽

Melon Seed Oil

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A comparative study on quality parameters of pumpkin, melon and sunflower oils during thermal treatment

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2019028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhana Petkova ◽

Ginka Antova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Melon Seed ◽

Sunflower Oils ◽

Melon Seed Oil

Current paper reveals the impact of thermal treatment on the quality of two seed oils – pumpkin and melon compared to the quality of the most used oil – sunflower oil. Conventional and microwave heating were used for processing the oils. The duration of the thermal treatment was 9, 12 and 18 min for the conventional heating. The microwave heating was performed with two microwave powers of the equipment (600 W and 900 W) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 min. At every stage of the thermal processing were determined acid and peroxide value, the absorbance of the oils at 232 and 268 nm, tocopherol and fatty acid composition. It was observed that the degree of oxidation of the examined oils during microwave and conventional heating increased with the duration of the thermal process and the power of the microwaves. Also, the two methods of heating had a little impact on the processes leading to the formation of free fatty acids. Total tocopherols of the melon seed oil were more stable to thermal treatment. The amount of linoleic acid decreased in the pumpkin and sunflower oils during microwave treatment, while that of oleic and palmitic acid relatively increased. The biggest change in the fatty acid composition of both oils was found during microwave heating at 900W. The changes in fatty acid composition of thermally treated melon seed oil were insignificant. Overall, melon seed oil was observed to be more thermally stable than pumpkin and sunflower oils.

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