A systematic study on the impact of feed composition and substrate wettability on wetting and fouling of omniphobic and janus membranes in membrane distillation

2022 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. 119873
Author(s):  
Jehad A. Kharraz ◽  
Muhammad Usman Farid ◽  
David Jassby ◽  
Alicia Kyoungjin An
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Resistance of Polypropylene Membrane to Oil Fouling during Membrane Distillation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Polypropylene Membrane ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
The Impact

The influence of oil emulsion presence in the water on the course of water desalination by membrane distillation was studied. The feed water was contaminated by oil collected from the bilge water. The impact of feed composition on the wetting resistance of hydrophobic polypropylene membranes was evaluated during long-term studies. Two types of the capillary membranes fabricated by thermally induced phase separation method were tested. It has been found that these membranes were non-wetted during the separation of NaCl solutions over a period of 500 h of modules exploitation. The addition of oil (5–100 mg/L) to the feed caused a progressive decline of the permeate flux up to 30%; however, the applied hydrophobic membranes retained their non-wettability for the consecutive 2400 h of the process operation. It was indicated that several compounds containing the carbonyl group were formed on the membranes surface during the process. These hydrophilic compounds facilitated the water adsorption on the surface of polypropylene which restricted the oil deposition on the membranes used.

Environmental impact of nutrients from nordic fish farming

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Enell
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Inland Water Bodies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feed Coefficient

During the last 20 years there has been an interesting development of the Nordic fish farming, with regard to the feeding and farming technology and to the increase in production quantities. During the period 1974-1994 the production increased from 15,800 to about 250,000 tonnes/year. In 1974 the major part of the production was in Denmark, and in 1994 the major part was in Norway. The nutrient impact of fish farming on surrounding sea areas is mainly a function of the feed coefficient, the feed composition and metabolic processes in the fish. The comprehensive development of the feed composition and the feeding technology has resulted in reduced load of unmetabolized nutrients from fish farms, calculated per tonne fish produced. In 1974 the mean Nordic feed coefficient was 2.08 and in 1994 the coefficient was 1.25. Feed coefficients of 1.0-1.1 are now reported for Danish and Norwegian freshwater and marine fish farms. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of the feed has decreased, in addition the quality of the nutrient substances in the feed has changed, especially for N. The N content has decreased from 7.8 to 6.8% during the period 1974-1994 and the content of P has decreased from 1.7 to 0.7% during the same period. This development of the feed coefficient and the feed composition has resulted in a present load from a typical Nordic fish farm of 55 kg N and 4.8 kg P/t fish produced. The figures for 1974 were 132 kg N and 31 kg P/t fish produced. The Nordic fish farming production in 1994 resulted in a load of about 13,750 t N and about 1,200 t P on the actual recipients. The load from the Swedish, Finnish and Danish fish farming operations, with the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak as the recipients, is negligible in comparison with other pollution sources. The quantities of N and P from the fish farming are equal to 0.5% of the atmospheric deposition on the sea surface and 3% of the atmospheric P load. Norwegian, Icelandic and the Faroe Islands fish farming operations are using the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea as the recipients. However, the nutrient load from single fish farms in certain coastal and inland water bodies can be significant and must be considered in the impact assessment together with other sources.

scholarly journals Stool and ruminal microbiome components associated with methane emission and feed efficiency in Nelore beef cattle.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G.N. Andrade ◽  
Haithem Afli ◽  
Flavia A. Bressani ◽  
Rafael R. C. Cuadrat ◽  
Priscila S. N. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of extreme changes in weather patterns in the economy and human welfare are some of the biggest challenges that our civilization is facing. From the anthropogenic activities that contribute to climate change, reducing the impact of farming activities is a priority, since it is responsible for up to 18% of greenhouse gases linked to such activities. To this end, we tested if the ruminal and fecal microbiome components of 52 Brazilian Nelore bulls, belonging to two treatment groups based on the feed intervention, conventional and by-products based diet, could be used in the future as biomarkers for methane emission and feed efficiency in bovine.Results: We identified a total of 5,693 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) in the Nelore bulls microbiomes. Differential abundance (DA) analysis with the ANCOM approach identified 30 bacterial and 15 archaea ASVs as DA among treatment groups. Association analysis using Maaslin2 and Mixed Linear Models indicated that bacterial ASVs are linked to the residual methane emission (RCH4) and Residual Feed Intake (RFI) phenotypes, contributing to the host’s phenotypic variation, suggesting their potential as targets for interventions and/or biomarkers.Conclusion: Feed composition induced significant differences in abundance and richness of ruminal and fecal microbial populations. The diet based on industrial byproducts applied to our treatment groups influenced the microbiome diversity of bacteria and archaea, but not of protozoa. Different ASVs were associated with RCH4 emission and RFI in both ruminal and fecal microbiomes. While ruminal ASVs are expected to directly influence RCH4 emission and RFI, the relation of fecal taxa, such as Alistipes and Rikenellaceae (gut group RC9), with these traits might also be associated with host health due to their link to anti-inflammatory compounds, and these have the potential to be used as accessible biomarkers for these complex phenotypes.

Defects of monolayer PbI2: a computational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (36) ◽  
pp. 20553-20559
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Da Li
Keyword(s):  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

We performed a systematic study on the defects in PbI2 of both 1T and 1H phases by DFT calculations. The stability at the neutral and charged states was calculated. The impact of the defects on the electronic properties was also discussed.

scholarly journals Maternal Mortality in 19th- and Early 20th-century Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Manfredini ◽  
Marco Breschi ◽  
Alessio Fornasin ◽  
Stanislao Mazzoni ◽  
Sergio De lasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Peculiar Characteristic ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Summary Although dramatically reduced in Western and developed countries, maternal mortality is still today one of the most relevant social and health scourges in developing countries. This is the reason why high levels of maternal mortality are always interpreted as a sign of low living standards, ignorance, poverty and woman discrimination. Maternal mortality represents, therefore, a very peculiar characteristic of demographic systems of ancien regime. Despite this important role in demographic systems, no systematic study has been addressed to investigate the impact of maternal mortality in historical Italy. The aim of this article is to shed some light on such a phenomenon by investigating its trend over time and the determinants in some Italian populations between the 18th and the early 20th centuries. The analysis will make use of civil and parish registers linked together by means of nominative techniques, and it will be, therefore, carried out at the micro level.

A review on membrane applications and transport mechanisms in vacuum membrane distillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Baghel ◽  
Sushant Upadhyaya ◽  
Kailash Singh ◽  
Satyendra P. Chaurasia ◽  
Akhilendra B. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Vacuum Membrane Distillation ◽  
Polarization Coefficient ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the experimental studies on vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process. An introduction to the history of VMD is carried out along with the other membrane distillation configurations. Recent developments in process, characterization of membrane, module design, transport phenomena, and effect of operating parameters on permeate flux are discussed for VMD in detail. Several heat and mass transfer correlations obtained by various researchers for different VMD modules have been discussed. The impact of membrane fouling with its control in VMD is discussed in detail. In this paper, temperature polarization coefficient and concentration polarization coefficient are elaborated in detail. Integration of VMD with other membrane separation processes/industrial processes have been explained to improve the performance of the system and make it more energy efficient. A critical evaluation of the VMD literature is incorporated throughout this review.

scholarly journals A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (4) ◽  
pp. 5764-5779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nagakura ◽  
Adam Burrows ◽  
David Radice ◽  
David Vartanyan
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova ◽  
Tau Neutrinos ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proto Neutron Star

ABSTRACT This paper presents the first systematic study of proto-neutron star (PNS) convection in three dimensions (3D) based on our latest numerical fornax models of core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We confirm that PNS convection commonly occurs, and then quantify the basic physical characteristics of the convection. By virtue of the large number of long-term models, the diversity of PNS convective behaviour emerges. We find that the vigour of PNS convection is not correlated with CCSN dynamics at large radii, but rather with the mass of PNS − heavier masses are associated with stronger PNS convection. We find that PNS convection boosts the luminosities of νμ, ντ, $\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$, and $\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$ neutrinos, while the impact on other species is complex due to a competition of factors. Finally, we assess the consequent impact on CCSN dynamics and the potential for PNS convection to generate pulsar magnetic fields.

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