Construction of electro-neutral surface on dialysis membrane for improved toxin clearance and anti-coagulation/inflammation through saltwater fish inspired trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)

2021 ◽  
pp. 119900
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Guiliang Li ◽  
Qiu Han ◽  
Haibo Lin ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Surface ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Saltwater Fish

Freeze substitution fixation of fungal reproductive structures and spores

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
C. W. Mims ◽  
E. A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Diamond Knife

The advantages of freeze substitution fixation over conventional chemical fixation for preservation of ultrastructural details in fungi have been discussed by various authors. As most ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes do not fix well using conventional chemical fixation protocols, freeze substitution has attracted the attention of many individuals interested in fungal ultrastructure. Thus far most workers using this technique on fungi have concentrated on thin walled somatic hyphae. However, in our laboratory we have experimented with the use of freeze substitution on a variety of fungal reproductive structures and spores with promising results.Here we present data on freeze substituted samples of sporangia of the zygomycete Umbellopsis vinacea, basidia of Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis, developing teliospores of the smut Sporisorium sorghi, germinating teliospores of the rust Gymnosporangium clavipes, germinating conidia of the deuteromycete Cercosporidium personatum, and developing ascospores of Ascodesmis nigricans.Spores of G. clavipes and C. personatum were deposited on moist pieces of sterile dialysis membrane where they hydrated and germinated. Asci of A. nigricans developed on pieces of dialysis membrane lying on nutrient agar plates. U. vinacea was cultured on small pieces of agar-coated wire. In the plant pathogens E. camelliae var. gracilis and S. sorghi, a razor blade was used to remove smal1 pieces of infected host issue. All samples were plunged directly into liquid propane and processed for study according to Hoch.l Samples on dialysis membrane were flat embedded. Serial thin sections were cut using a diamond knife, collected on slot grids, and allowed to dry down onto Formvar coated aluminum racks. Sections were post stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Reverse Iontophoretic Determination of Blood Glucose in an Artificial Skin Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Cigdem Yengin ◽  
Emrah Kilinc ◽  
Fatma Gulay Der ◽  
Mehmet Can Sezgin ◽  
Ilayda Alcin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Background: Reverse İontophoresis (RI) is one of the promising non-invasive technologies. It relies on the transition of low magnitude current through the skin and thus glucose measurement becomes possible as it is extracted from the surface during this porter current flow. Objective: This paper deals with the development and optimization of an RI determination method for glucose. CE dialysis membrane based artificial skin model was developed and the dependence of RI extraction on various experimental parameters was investigated. Method: Dependence of RI extraction performance on noble electrodes (platinum, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium) was checked with CA, CV and DPV, in a wide pH and ionic strength range. Optimizations on inter-electrode distance, potential type and magnitude, extraction time, gel type, membrane MWCO, usage frequency, pretreatment, artificial body fluids were performed. Results: According to the optimized results, the inter-electrode distance was 7.0 mm and silver was the optimum noble metal. Optimum pH and ionic strength were achieved with 0.05M PBS at pH 7.4. Higher glucose yields were obtained with DPV, while CA and CV achieved almost the same levels. During CA, +0.5V achieved the highest glucose yield and higher potential even caused a decrease. Glucose levels could be monitored for 24 hours. CMC gel was the optimum collection media. Pretreated CE membrane with 12kD MWCO was the artificial skin model. Pretreatment affected the yields while its condition caused no significant difference. Except PBS solution (simulated as artificial plasma), among the various artificial simulated body fluids, intestinal juice formulation (AI) and urine formulation U2 were the optimum extraction media, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, various experimental parameters (pretereatment procedure, type and MWCO values of membranes, inter-electrode distance, electrode material, extraction medium solvents, ionic strength and pH, collection medium gel type, extraction potential type and magnitude, extraction time and etc) were optimized for the non-invasive RI determination of glucose in a CE dialysis membrane-based artificial skin model and various simulated artificial body fluids.

Cellulose dialysis membrane containing raw clinoptilolite enhances the removal of Rhodamine 6G from aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 111113
Author(s):  
E. Estrada-Cabrera ◽  
L.R. Torres-Ferrer ◽  
G. Luna-Barcenas ◽  
R. Ramirez-Bon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rhodamine 6G ◽  
Dialysis Membrane

scholarly journals Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardo ◽  
Giovanni Aulisa ◽  
Daniele Marcon ◽  
Gianluca Rizzo ◽  
Maria Grazia Tarsisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.

Exact solution by dynamic stiffness method for the natural vibration of porous functionally graded plate considering neutral surface

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072098817
Author(s):  
Md. Imran Ali ◽  
Mohammad Sikandar Azam
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Natural Vibration ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Neutral Surface ◽  
Functionally Graded Plate ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Graded Material

This paper presents the formulation of dynamic stiffness matrix for the natural vibration analysis of porous power-law functionally graded Levy-type plate. In the process of formulating the dynamic stiffness matrix, Kirchhoff-Love plate theory in tandem with the notion of neutral surface has been taken on board. The developed dynamic stiffness matrix, a transcendental function of frequency, has been solved through the Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Hamilton’s principle is used to obtain the equation of motion and associated natural boundary conditions of porous power-law functionally graded plate. The variation across the thickness of the functionally graded plate’s material properties follows the power-law function. During the fabrication process, the microvoids and pores develop in functionally graded material plates. Three types of porosity distributions are considered in this article: even, uneven, and logarithmic. The eigenvalues computed by the dynamic stiffness matrix using Wittrick–Williams algorithm for isotropic, power-law functionally graded, and porous power-law functionally graded plate are juxtaposed with previously referred results, and good agreement is found. The significance of various parameters of plate vis-à-vis aspect ratio ( L/b), boundary conditions, volume fraction index ( p), porosity parameter ( e), and porosity distribution on the eigenvalues of the porous power-law functionally graded plate is examined. The effect of material density ratio and Young’s modulus ratio on the natural vibration of porous power-law functionally graded plate is also explained in this article. The results also prove that the method provided in the present work is highly accurate and computationally efficient and could be confidently used as a reference for further study of porous functionally graded material plate.

scholarly journals Efficient Amino Donor Recycling in Amination Reactions: Development of a New Alanine Dehydrogenase in Continuous Flow and Dialysis Membrane Reactors

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
David Roura Padrosa ◽  
Zoya Nisar ◽  
Francesca Paradisi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Alanine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Halomonas Elongata ◽  
Amino Donor ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Excellent Stability

Transaminases have arisen as one of the main biocatalysts for amine production but despite their many advantages, their stability is still a concern for widespread application. One of the reasons for their instability is the need to use an excess of the amino donor when trying to synthesise amines with unfavourable equilibria. To circumvent this, recycling systems for the amino donor, such as amino acid dehydrogenases or aldolases, have proved useful to push the equilibria while avoiding high amino donor concentrations. In this work, we report the use of a new alanine dehydrogenase from the halotolerant bacteria Halomonas elongata which exhibits excellent stability to different cosolvents, combined with the well characterised CbFDH as a recycling system of L-alanine for the amination of three model substrates with unfavourable equilibria. In a step forward, the amino donor recycling system has been co-immobilised and used in flow with success as well as re-used as a dialysis enclosed system for the amination of an aromatic aldehyde.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Serves as an Iron Source for Pseudomonas aeruginosa during In Vivo Coculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Mashburn ◽  
Amy M. Jett ◽  
Darrin R. Akins ◽  
Marvin Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen often infecting the lungs of individuals with the heritable disease cystic fibrosis and the peritoneum of individuals undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Often these infections are not caused by colonization with P. aeruginosa alone but instead by a consortium of pathogenic bacteria. Little is known about growth and persistence of P. aeruginosa in vivo, and less is known about the impact of coinfecting bacteria on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and physiology. In this study, a rat dialysis membrane peritoneal model was used to evaluate the in vivo transcriptome of P. aeruginosa in monoculture and in coculture with Staphylococcus aureus. Monoculture results indicate that approximately 5% of all P. aeruginosa genes are differentially regulated during growth in vivo compared to in vitro controls. Included in this analysis are genes important for iron acquisition and growth in low-oxygen environments. The presence of S. aureus caused decreased transcription of P. aeruginosa iron-regulated genes during in vivo coculture, indicating that the presence of S. aureus increases usable iron for P. aeruginosa in this environment. We propose a model where P. aeruginosa lyses S. aureus and uses released iron for growth in low-iron environments.

On the Chemical Form of Mercury in Edible Fish and Marine Invertebrate Tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas S. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wet Weight

Total mercury, monomethylmercury (CH3Hg), and dimethylmercury ((CH3)2Hg) in edible muscle were examined in 229 samples, representing seven freshwater and eight saltwater fish species and several species of marine invertebrates using ultraclean techniques. Total mercury was determined by hot HNO3/H2SO4/BrClldigestion, SnCl2 reduction, purging onto gold, and analysis by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS). Methylmercury was determined by KOH/methanol digestion using aqueous phase ethylation, cryogenic gas chromatography, and CVAFS detection. Total mercury and CH3Hg concentrations varied from 0.011 to 2.78 μg∙g−1 (wet weight basis, as Hg) for all samples, while no sample contained detectable (CH3)2Hg (<0.001 μg∙g−1 as Hg). The observed proportion of total mercury (as CH3Hg) ranged from 69 to 132%, with a relative standard deviation for quintuplicate analysis of about 10%; nearly all of this variability can be explained by the analytical variability of total mercury and CH3Hg. Poorly homogenized samples showed greater variability, primarily because total mercury and CH3Hg were measured on separate aliquots, which vary in mercury concentration, not speciation. I conclude that for all species studied, virtually ail (>95%) of the mercury present is as CH3Hg and that past reports of substantially lower CH3Hg fractions may have been biased by analytical and homogeneity variability.

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