scholarly journals Role OF Na+ transporters HKT1;1 and HKT1;2 in tomato salt tolerance. I. function loss of cheesmaniae alleles in rootsand aerial parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Remedios Romero-Aranda ◽  
Jesús Espinosa ◽  
Paloma González-Fernández ◽  
Emilio Jaime-Fernández ◽  
José Ángel Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Function Loss

scholarly journals Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zheng ◽  
Jingchen Lin ◽  
Xingbei Liu ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Signal Specificity ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Polyploidy occurs prevalently and plays an important role during plant speciation and evolution. This phenomenon suggests polyploidy could develop novel features that enable them to adapt wider range of environmental conditions compared with diploid progenitors. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., BBAADD) is a typical allohexaploid species and generally exhibits greater salt tolerance than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (BBAA). However, little is known about the underlying molecular basis and the regulatory pathway of this trait. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 acts as a crucial regulator to strengthen salt tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Salinity-induced TaHAG1 expression was associated with tolerance variation in polyploidy wheat. Overexpression, silencing and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaHAG1 validated the role of TaHAG1 in salinity tolerance of wheat. TaHAG1 contributed to salt tolerance by modulating ROS production and signal specificity. Moreover, TaHAG1 directly targeted a subset of genes that are responsible for hydrogen peroxide production, and enrichment of TaHAG1 triggered increased H3 acetylation and transcriptional upregulation of these loci under salt stress. In addition, we found the salinity-induced TaHAG1-mediated ROS production pathway is involved in salt tolerance difference of wheat accessions with varying ploidy. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of how an epigenetic regulatory factor facilitates adaptability of polyploidy wheat and highlights this epigenetic modulator as a strategy for salt tolerance breeding in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Antiparasitic Effects of Plant Species from the Diet of Great Bustards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bolívar ◽  
Luis M. Bautista ◽  
María Teresa Gómez ◽  
Rafael A. Martínez ◽  
María Fe Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Season ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Trichomonas Gallinae ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sexual Display ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Laboratory Models

Abstract Background: Diets combine food types according to some trade-offs, as for example maximising nutrients and minimising toxins. But some diets include elements because of their activity against the host parasites and other pathogens. This so-called medicinal role of food is under-reported in the literature, either because toxic elements in diets of livestock and wildlife are infrequent, or because their activity against parasites and pathogens has not been fully documented. We contribute to fill this knowledge gap by testing the activity of extracts and essential oils from Papaver rhoeas and Echium plantagineum against a selection of laboratory pathogens. These plants are strongly selected by great bustards Otis tarda during the mating season. Results: During this season we found a significantly higher frequency of P. rhoeas in male than in female faeces. The activity of different extracts of these plants against some laboratory models including a flagellated protozoan (Trichomonas gallinae), a nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and a fungus (Aspergillus niger) was evaluated. We found activity against nematodes and trichomonads in non-polar and polar extracts of the aerial parts of P. rhoeas, especially the extracts of flowers and capsules, and E. plantagineum, especially the extracts of leaves and flowers.Conclusions: Both plants showed anti-parasitic activity, a result compatible with the hypothesis that great bustards eat plants for non-nutritional purposes, likely to assist them in coping with parasites and other pathogens, and P. rhoeas could be especially helpful for males during the mating season, when their immune system is weakened by the investment in secondary sexual characters and sexual display. The self-medication properties of plants and animals included in diets should be considered in studies of foraging behaviour, habitat selection, and even conservation biology of wildlife.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulfur and Clean Salt on Antioxidant Enzymes and Proline Content in Improving Salt Tolerance of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown in Basrah

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Jameel H. Hiji ◽  
Abbas M. Jasim ◽  
Awatif N. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Loam Soil

The experiment was conducted during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 winter seasons at Abu Al-Khaseeb District at basrah /Iraq on sandy loam soil  to study the effect of sulfur at five concentration ( 0 , 500 , 1000, 1500 and 2000) kg. Ha-1, clean salt at three concentration (0, 0.5 and 1.0) ml. L-1, two cultivars of lettuce local and fajr and interaction among them  at electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (7.85 and 9.69) dS.m-1.  Result showed significant reduction in the activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes and proline content in all treatments of sulfur and clean salt especially at 2000 Kg. Ha-1 sulfur and clean salt at 1.0 ml L-1had significantly decrease in CAT activity (295.80 ? 341.65) U mg–1 FW, POD activity (7.86? 8.98) U mg–1 FW and proline (0.50 ? 0.80) mg g-1DW, comparing with control of CAT activity (663.21, 814.65) U mg–1 FW and POD activity (13.83, 15.52) mg–1 FW and proline (1.19, 2.03) mg g-1DW, respectively for two seasons due to the role of sulfur and clean salt ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity on plants. Fajr lettuce is more salt-tolerant than local due to less antioxidant enzyme levels POD, CAT and proline.

Salt-Responsive Genes are Differentially Regulated at the Chromatin Levels Between Seedlings and Roots in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1790-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Zheng ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lifen Chen ◽  
Xiucai Pan ◽  
Kande Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract The elucidation of epigenetic responses of salt-responsive genes facilitates understanding of the underlying mechanisms that confer salt tolerance in rice. However, it is still largely unknown how epigenetic mechanisms are associated with the expression of salt-responsive genes in rice and other crops. In this study, we reported tissue-specific gene expression and tissue-specific changes in chromatin modifications or signatures between seedlings and roots in response to salt treatment. Our study indicated that among six of individual mark examined (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H4K12ac, H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3K36me3), a positive association between salt-related changes in histone marks and the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was observed only for H3K9ac and H4K12ac in seedlings and H3K36me3 in roots. In contrast, chromatin states (CSs) with combinations of six histone modification marks played crucial roles in the differential expression of salt-responsive genes between seedlings and roots. Most importantly, CS7 containing the bivalent marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, with a mutual exclusion of functions with each other, displayed distinct functions in the expression of DEGs in both tissues. Specifically, H3K27me3 in CS7 mainly suppressed the expression of DEGs in roots, while H3K4me3 affected the expression of down- and up-regulated genes, possibly by antagonizing the repressive role of H3K27me3 in seedlings. Our findings indicate distinct impacts of the CSs on the differential expression of salt-responsive genes between seedlings and roots in rice, which provides an important background for understanding chromatin-based epigenetic mechanisms that might confer salt tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Role of TaWRKY13 in Salt Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhou ◽  
Wei-Jun Zheng ◽  
Bao-Hua Liu ◽  
Jia-Cheng Zheng ◽  
Fu-Shuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Data Set

The WRKY transcription factor superfamily is known to participate in plant growth and stress response. However, the role of this family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely unknown. Here, a salt-induced gene TaWRKY13 was identified in an RNA-Seq data set from salt-treated wheat. The results of RT-qPCR analysis showed that TaWRKY13 was significantly induced in NaCl-treated wheat and reached an expression level of about 22-fold of the untreated wheat. Then, a further functional identification was performed in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that TaWRKY13 is a nuclear-localized protein. Moreover, various stress-related regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter. Expression pattern analysis revealed that TaWRKY13 can also be induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and cold stress. After NaCl treatment, overexpressed Arabidopsis lines of TaWRKY13 have a longer root and a larger root surface area than the control (Columbia-0). Furthermore, TaWRKY13 overexpression rice lines exhibited salt tolerance compared with the control, as evidenced by increased proline (Pro) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under salt treatment. The roots of overexpression lines were also more developed. These results demonstrate that TaWRKY13 plays a positive role in salt stress.

scholarly journals Exogenous Melatonin Improves Salt Tolerance by Mitigating Osmotic, Ion, and Oxidative Stresses in Maize Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Ren ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Lina Yin ◽  
Gouxia Li ◽  
Xiping Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stresses

Melatonin has been confirmed extensively for the positive effects on increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in mediating different stresses still need to be explored in different plants species and growth periods. To investigate the role of melatonin in mitigating salt stress, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings growing in hydroponic solution were treated with 100 mM NaCl combined with or without 1 μM melatonin. Melatonin application had no effects on maize growth under normal condition, while it moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced inhibition of plant growth. The leaf area, biomass, and photosynthesis of melatonin-treated plants were higher than that of without melatonin under NaCl treatment. The osmotic potential was lower, and the osmolyte contents (including sucrose and fructose) were higher in melatonin-treated plants. Meanwhile, the decreases in Na+ content and increases in K+/Na+ ratio were found in shoots of melatonin-applied plant under salt stress. Moreover, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly increased in leaves with melatonin application under salt treatment. These results clearly indicate that the exogenous melatonin-enhanced salt tolerance under short-term treatment could be ascribed to three aspects, including osmotic adjustment, ion balance, and alleviation of salt-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Identification of NHXs in Gossypium species and the positive role of GhNHX1 in salt tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Long ◽  
Jing-Ruo Zhao ◽  
Dan-Dan Guo ◽  
Xiao-Nan Ma ◽  
Fu-Chun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Gossypium Species

Na+/H+ exchange in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is associated with cellular sites of Na+ storage

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn J. Barkla ◽  
Rosario Vera-Estrella ◽  
Jesus Camacho-Emiterio ◽  
Omar Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Plant Vacuoles ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Bladder Cells ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Vacuolar Sequestration

The tonoplast Na+/H+ exchanger is involved in sequestering Na+ in plant vacuoles, providing solutes for osmotic adjustment while avoiding cytoplasmic Na+ toxicity. As such it is assumed to be one of the key mechanisms involved in salt-tolerance in plants. In this study, we measured tonoplast Na+/H+ exchange in roots and different leaf tissues of adult Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants to determine if activity of the exchanger follows the gradient from roots to leaves previously observed for Na+ and pinitol accumulation. Na+/H+ exchange was absent from roots of control and NaCl-treated plants. In contrast, leaves showed constitutive Na+/H+ exchange that was enhanced by growth of the plants in NaCl. Highest activity was measured in the epidermal bladder cells in agreement with the highest concentrations of Na+ found in this tissue. Tonoplast H+-translocating ATPase activity was also greatest in this tissue, as were protein levels for myo-inositol-O-methyltransferase, a key enzyme in the pinitol biosynthesis pathway. The strong correlation between Na+/H+ exchange and Na+ accumulation confirms the role of this transporter in vacuolar sequestration of Na+ and plant salt tolerance.

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