scholarly journals Comparison of toxic effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium and prediction of selenium intake and tissue selenium concentrations in broiler chickens using feather selenium concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 6462-6473
Author(s):  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Dong Yong Kil
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Tissue Selenium

scholarly journals 2-Hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid induces additional tissue selenium enrichment in broiler chickens compared with other selenium sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Briens ◽  
Yves Mercier ◽  
Friedrich Rouffineau ◽  
Frédéric Mercerand ◽  
Pierre-André Geraert
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tissue Selenium

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Solis-Cruz ◽  
Daniel Hernandez-Patlan ◽  
Victor Petrone ◽  
Karine Pontin ◽  
Juan Latorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cellulosic Polymers

To evaluate the effect of cellulosic polymers (CEL) and curcumin (CUR) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxic effects on performance, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens, 150 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five groups with three replicates of 10 chickens per pen: Negative Control (feed); AFB1 (feed + 2 ppm AFB1); CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + Curcumin 0.2%); CEL (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulosic polymers); and, CEL + CUR (feed + 2 ppm AFB1 + 0.3% Cellulose polymers + 0.2% Curcumin). Every week, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. On day 21, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine from five broilers per replicate per group were removed to obtain relative organ weight. Histopathological changes in liver, several biochemical biomarkers, antibody titers, and muscle and skin pigmentation were also recorded. Dietary addition of 0.3% CEL and 0.2% CUR separately significantly diminished some of the toxic effects resulting from AFB1 on performance parameters, relative organs weight, histopathology, immune response, and serum biochemical variables (P < 0.05); however, the combination of CUR and CEL showed a better-integrated approach for the management of poultry health problems that are related with the consumption of AFB1, since they have different mechanisms of action with different positive effects on the responses of broiler chickens.

Modification de la bioaccumulation du sélénium chez Mytilus edulis en présence du mercure organique et inorganique

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilien Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Studies of the simultaneous bioaccumulation of selenium and mercury in the blue mussel, Mytilis edulis, in the presence of TiO2 as carrier have shown that there is an interaction between the two elements. We measured the bioaccumulation rates of dissolved selenite (Na2SeO3) and adsorbed organic selenium (C8H7O2Se)2 and determined the impact of the presence of mercury (HgCl2 and [(CH3Hg)3O]OH) in the environment. Mussels measuring 3.6 ± 0.2 cm were distributed in nine contamination tanks with continuously circulating seawater and were exposed to organic or inorganic selenium at a concentration of 50 μg Se∙L−1 for periods of 15–50 d. Some of the tanks were simultaneously exposed to high concentrations of organic and inorganic mercury (3.0 and 30 μg Hg∙L−1, respectively). When mercury was not present, the mussels accumulated the inorganic selenium at a slow rate (0.12 ng Se∙g−1∙d−1), but did not accumulate the organic selenium. When inorganic mercury was added to the water at 30 μg Hg∙L−1, the accumulation rate of inorganic selenium doubled (0.24 ng Se∙g−1d−1), while it tripled (0.40 ng Se∙g−1d−1) when methyl mercury was added at 3.0 μg Hg∙L−1. Even the adsorbed organic selenium seemed to become bioavailable in the presence of methyl mercury, and was accumulated at a rate of 0.15 ng Se∙g−1d−1. However, the phenomenon is not reciprocal, that is, the presence of selenium, no matter what its concentration or chemical nature, had no effect on the accumulation rate of mercury. No toxic effects were observed where selenium was administered alone, but the toxic effects of mercury were observed in all mussels exposed to it. Selenium showed none of the adverse effects previously observed in other animal species.

scholarly journals The influence of selenium supplementation of animal feed on human selenium intake in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pavlovic ◽  
I. Miletic ◽  
Z. Jokic ◽  
J. Stevanovic ◽  
S. Sobajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selenized Yeast

The use of selenium as animal feed supplement in Serbia was approved in 1989 for some categories of pigs, sheep and poultry. From 2000 selenium in animal feed became a requirement for all categories of farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine the consumption of selenium by Serbian livestock and in poultry production between 1990-1991 and 2000-2008 and to analyze the selenium content of meat, milk and eggs sold on Serbian markets to gain insight into human selenium intake. Data indicate a low level of selenium inclusion in animal feed during 1990-1991 compared to during 2000-2008. These results coincide with Serbian regulations. From 2001 an organic form of selenium (selenized yeast) was introduced in small quantities (less than 8% of the total consumed selenium). Analysis of meat, milk and eggs from Serbian markets shows increased selenium levels compared to 1991. However, the estimated total human daily intake in Serbia is 40.9 ?g, which is under the recommended quantity. Increasing the quantity of selenium included in animal feed and the substitution of inorganic selenium with selenized yeast could be beneficial for animal health and farm productivity. As a consequence a further improvement in the human selenium status in Serbia should be possible.

scholarly journals The effects of aflatoxin B1 and silymarin-containing milk thistle seeds on ileal morphology and digestibility in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Hasheminejad ◽  
Omid Fani Makki ◽  
Hossein Ansari Nik ◽  
Ahmad Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Mean

This study investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and milk thistle seed (MTS) on some apparent ileal morphology and digestibility variables in the small intestines of broilers. A total of 216 Ross 308 male broiler chickens were allocated in a 3x3 factorial arrangement of the treatments with three concentration of AFB1 (0, 250, and 500 ppb) and three levels of MTS (0, 5, and 10 g kg-1). On day 35, the birds that received diets with 500 ppb of AFB1 alone (main effect) showed significant decrease in apparent ileal digestibility [dry matter (DM; 72.46±0.27), calcium (Ca; 40.81±1.11), crude protein (CP; 29.42±1.89), apparent digestible energy (2653±58.82)], ileal morphology [villus length (VL; 822.5±7.47), villus width (VW; 90.16±2.17) and ratio of VL to crypt depth (VL/CD; 4.74±0.07)] in their ileum segments (P&lt;0.01). However, the mean nitrogen (N; 61.39±0.48) and crypt depth (CD; 173.5±9.87), in the ileum were significantly greater for the birds that were fed with 500 ppb AFB1 alone in their diets when compared with the control (P&lt;0.01). Also, thistle seeds can ameliorate the toxic effects of AFB1 on some ileal digestibility factors, that is, DM, N, Ca, and CP, in broiler chicks. Nevertheless, ileum morphology of VW and goblet cell numbers were not affected negatively by the AFB1 plus MTS in diets. The results of this study indicated that the use of MTS independently reduced the toxic effects of AFB1, facilitated the absorption of nutrients, and reduced the metabolic demands of the intestinal tract in broiler chickens.

Impact of feed-borne mycotoxins on avian cell-mediated and humoral immune responses

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girish ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation Response

Mycotoxins of economic importance in poultry production are mainly produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium fungi. The important mycotoxins in poultry production are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins. Mycotoxins exert their immunotoxic effects through various mechanisms which are manifested as reduced response of the immune system. Mycotoxin-induced immunosuppression in poultry may be manifested as decreased antibody production to antigens (e.g. sheep red blood cells) and impaired delayed hypersensitivity response (e.g. dinitrochlorobenzene), reduction in systemic bacterial clearance (e.g. Salmonella, Brucella, Listeria and Escherichia), lymphocyte proliferation (response to mitogens), macrophage phagocytotic ability, and alterations in CD4+/CD8+ ratio, immune organ weights (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius), and histological changes (lymphocyte depletion, degeneration and necrosis). Mycotoxins, especially fumonisin B1 have been shown to down regulate proinflammatory cytokine levels including those of interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-2 in broiler chickens. Fusarium mycotoxins exert part of their toxic effects by altering cytokine production in poultry. Mycotoxins adversely affect intestinal barrier functions by reducing the intestinal epithelial integrity and removing tight junction proteins. Apoptosis, increased colonisation of pathogenic microorganisms, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, inhibition of protein synthesis and lipid peroxidation are characteristic of the toxic effects of mycotoxins on intestinal epithelium. These directly or indirectly affect host immune responses. Such immunotoxic effects of mycotoxins render poultry susceptible to many infectious diseases. The avian immune system is sensitive to most mycotoxins. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity may be adversely affected after feeding mycotoxins to poultry. The avian immune system may be more sensitive to naturally contaminated feedstuffs because of the presence of multiple mycotoxins and the complex interactions between them which can cause severe adverse effects. Adverse effects of mycotoxins on the immune system reduce production and performance resulting in economic losses to poultry industries. Caution must be exercised while feeding grains contaminated with mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Influence of Selenium on the Morphology of Immune System Organs in Healthy Broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Korzeniowska ◽  
Jan P. Madej ◽  
Tadeusz Stefaniak ◽  
Wieslaw Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
Partial Depletion

Abstract This study aimed to establish the effect of dietary supplementation in broiler chickens of organic and inorganic selenium on the weight and structure of the thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen. Three dietary regimes were studied in Flex and F15 Hubbard chickens: (i) control, (ii) diets containing 0.5 mg organic selenium/kg by selenized yeast, (iii) diets supplemented with 0.5 mg ionic selenium/kg (sodium selenite). The results showed that the feed additives did not affect the relative weight of the immune system organs, i.e. bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen. The organic selenium in the F15 resulted in thinning of the thymic cortex and partial depletion of the lymphoid cells. Moreover, both the organic and inorganic selenium supplementation resulted in depopulation of bursal medulla from lymphocytes in the F15 group. In contrast, in Flex chickens no significant differences in histological structure and morphometric values of lymphoid organs between chickens fed organic and inorganic selenium were found.

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