Prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia and risk factors in 1010 adolescent girls from rural Maharashtra, India: a cross-sectional survey

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam and to determine its risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingVietnam, Nghe An Province.Study populationThe total number of participants was 439. Of these participants, one was excluded from the study due to a mental disorder. Forty-seven did not participate in the test for parasites and 68 did not complete at least one of the questions.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin (Hb) < 11.0 g dl−1) was 43.2% and of severe anaemia (Hb < 8.0 g dl−1) was 0.5%. Taking iron tablets, the consumption of eggs and the preference for Western medicine significantly and positively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women in a multiple regression analysis. Pregnancy duration and hookworm infestation significantly and negatively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women.ConclusionThe prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam has remained as high as that found in the national anaemia survey in 2000. The results of the present study could aid in the development of an iron-deficiency anaemia programme among pregnant women in rural Vietnam that emphasises iron supplementation, parasite control and improved diet, including the consumption of eggs. The programme's focus should be on women who prefer traditional medicine to Western medicine.

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Reducing iron deficiency anaemia due to heavy menstural blood loss in Nigerian rural adolescents. Reprinted from Public Health Nutrition Volume 1 (4), 249–257, 1998

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005818 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 451-460

Author(s):

Fiona Barr ◽

Loretta Brabin ◽

Shola Agbaje ◽

Feikumo Buseri ◽

John Ikimalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Iron Status ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Cultural Barriers ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deficiency Anaemia

AbstractObjectiveMenstrual disorders are common in young women, and heavy menstrual blood losses (MBL) are an important cause of anaemia. Menstrual morbidity normally goes untreated in developing countries where cultural barriers also serve to make the problems. We investigated the prevelance of menstrual morbidity, and measured MBL and its relationship to iron deficiency in a rural adolescent population. The rationale was to assess whether or not reducing heavy MBL could be part of a strategy to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.SettingRural village in south-east Nigeria.DesignCross-sectional survey.SubjectsThe studdy included all non-pregnant, unmarried nulliparous girls (< 20 years) who had menstruated, and who lived in K'Dere village.MethodsA field worker allocated to each girl completed a questionnaire, and supervised recovery and collection of soiled pads and ensured blood sampling. MBL was measured using the standard alkaline haematin method. Haemoglobin (HB), serum iron, transferin saturation and protoporphyrin levels (ZPP) were also measured.Results307 girls completed MBL measurements; 11.9% refused to participate. 12.1% had menorrhagia (> 80 ml);. median MBL was 33.1 ml. Menorrhagia was more frequent in girls who had menstruated for > 2 years (p = 0.048), and had longer duration of meneses (p < 0.001). Iron status as measured by haematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ZPP values was inversely related to MBL. Neither height nor body mass index for age was associated with current iron status.ConclusionsThe level of menorrhagia detected (12%) may be an ‘expected’ level for a condition which often has no underlying pathology. Heavy MBL is one of the most important factors contributing to iron deficiency anaemia. Measures are needed to alleviate menstrual disorders and improve iron status. Oral contraceptives can be part of a strategy to reduce anaemia, particularly for adolescents at high risk of unwanted pregnancies.

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Risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia in preschool children in northern Ethiopia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980099000336 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 243-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

AA Adish ◽

SA Esrey ◽

TW Gyorkos ◽

T Johns

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Optimal Control Strategy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Food Reserves

AbstractObjectiveTo determine risk factors for anaemia in preschool children.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTigray province, northern Ethiopia.Subjects2080 of 2373 children aged 6–60 months provided blood to assess anaemia.ResultsAnaemia was highly prevalent (42%) and constituted an important nutritional problem in the region. In a sub-sample of 230 anaemic children, 56% had a low red blood cell (RBC) count, and 43% had a serum ferritin of less than 12 μg l−1 indicating that the anaemia was largely due to iron deficiency. Unlike other regions in developing countries, hookworm (0.4%) and malaria (0.0%) were rare and contributed little to the anaemia. Even though their diet lacked variety, the amount of iron consumed through cereal-based staple foods was adequate. However, the iron in these foods was not readily available and their diets were probably high in iron absorption inhibitors and low in enhancers. Dietary factors associated with anaemia included frequent consumption of inhibitors, such as fenugreek and coffee, and poor health in the child such as diarrhoea and stunting.ConclusionsUnderlying causes of anaemia were lack of safe water and inadequate human waste management, maternal illiteracy and mother being ill, and having no food reserves. The root cause of these factors was poverty. The optimal control strategy for iron deficiency anaemia should have a holistic approach which includes the alleviation of poverty, the empowerment of women and the provision of a safe environment.

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Reducing iron deficiency anaemia due to heavy menstrual blood loss in Nigerian rural adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn19980041 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Fiona Barr ◽

Loretta Brabin ◽

Shola Agbaje ◽

Fiekumo Buseri ◽

John Ikimalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Iron Status ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Menstrual Blood ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deficiency Anaemia

AbstractObjective:Menstrual disorders are common in young women, and heavy menstrual blood losses (MBL) are an important cause of anaemia. Menstrual morbidity normally goes untreated in developing countries where cultural barriers also serve to mask the problems. We investigated the prevalence of menstrual morbidity, and measured MBL and its relationship to iron deficiency in a rural adolescent population. The rationale was to assess whether or not reducing heavy MBL could be part of a strategy to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.Setting:Rural village in south-east Nigeria.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Subjects:The study included all non-pregnant, unmarried nulliparous girls (< 20 years) who had menstruated, and who lived in K'Dere village.Methods:A field worker allocated to each girl completed a questionnaire, and supervised recovery and collection of soiled pads and ensured blood sampling. MBL was measured using the standard alkaline haematin method. Haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, transferrin saturation and protoporphyrin levels (ZPP) were also measured.Results:307 girls completed MBL measurements; 11.9% refused to participate. 12.1% had menorrhagia (> 80 ml); median MBL was 33.1 ml. Menorrhagia was more frequent in girls who had menstruated for > 2 years (P = 0.048), and had longer duration of menses (P < 0.001). Iron status as measured by haematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ZPP values was inversely related to MBL. Neither height nor body mass index for age was associated with current iron status.Conclusions:The level of menorrhagia detected (12%) may be an ‘expected’ level for a condition which often has no underlying pathology. Heavy MBL is one of the most important factors contributing to iron deficiency anaemia. Measures are needed to alleviate menstrual disorders, and improve iron status. Oral contraceptives can be part of a strategy to reduce anaemia, particularly for adolescents at high risk of unwanted pregnancies.

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A study to assess the effectiveness of honey dates amla mix on biochemical markers among adolescent girls with Iron deficiency anaemia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 2288-2293

Author(s):

Bhuvaneswari G.

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Post Test ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

WHO Global Database on Anaemia for 1993-2005, covering almost half of the world’s population, estimated the prevalence of anaemia worldwide at 25 per cent.The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of honey dates amla mix on biochemical markers among adolescent girls with Iron deficiency anaemia. Quantitative experimental and control group pre and post-test design was used in this study. The study was conducted among adolescent girls in two different residential homes. Total study population is 170 adolescent girls were selected by simple random sampling technique. 85 adolescents girls were assigned to the experimental group and 85 participants in control group. For experimental group honey dates amla mix was given for 3 months whereas in the control group iron and folic acid supplementation were provided. The study results shows that pre and post-test intervention scores of control and experimental group were compared by Wilcoxon scores rank test. Comparison of pre-test and post-test scores of severity of anemia, clinical variables, and level of fatigue and level of satisfaction, bio chemical parameters (reticulocytes, MCV, haematocrite, serum iron, serum ferritin, TIBC) were assessed in both experimental and control group. Between the experimental and control group (unpaired‘t’ test) reticulocytes, mcv, heamatocrite, serum iron serum ferritin showed significant changes in the pre test and post-test but there is no changes in TIBC. The study concluded that alternative nutritional therapy was effective for enhancing the blood heamoglobin & biochemical paramteres level, decreased the clinical variables and fatigue level among the adolescent girls with iron deficiency anemia.

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Low prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among Inuit preschool children: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010002429 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1415-1423 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Angela Pacey ◽

Hope Weiler ◽

Grace M Egeland

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Household Crowding ◽

Low Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence rates and correlates for anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) among Inuit preschool-aged children.DesignA cross-sectional study assessed iron intake, demographic information, medical history, anthropometrics, Hb, ferritin, C-reactive protein and antibodies toHelicobacter pylori.SettingSixteen selected Inuit communities in Nunavut Territory, Canada.SubjectsInuit (n388) aged 3–5 years randomly recruited from communities.ResultsAnaemia (3–4 years: Hb < 110 g/l; 5 years: Hb < 115 g/l) was prevalent in 16·8 % of children. The prevalence of ID (ferritin < 12 μg/l) was 18·0 % and that of IDA was 5·4 %. When ID was defined as ferritin <10 μg/l, 10·8 % of children were iron deficient and 3·3 % had IDA. In multiple logistic regression, boys were more likely to be iron deficient (OR = 2·28, 95 % CI 1·17, 8·25), but no other risk factor emerged for ID. Three- to 4-year-olds were less likely than 5-year-olds to have anaemia from causes other than ID (OR = 0·11, 95 % CI 0·08, 0·58). Anaemia from other causes was more common among children residing in crowded homes (OR = 2·30, 95 % CI 1·37, 12·31) and those treated for past-year ear infection (OR = 1·35, 95 % CI 1·05, 7·21).ConclusionsThe low prevalence of ID and IDA is encouraging, but efforts are still needed to reduce rates as they continue to be higher than general population rates. Household crowding and infections may contribute to anaemia and warrant further research.

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Clinical risk factors for underlying gastrointestinal malignancy in iron deficiency anaemia–prospective validation of the IDIOM score

Cogent Medicine ◽

10.1080/2331205x.2016.1213216 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1213216

Author(s):

Clare M. Wijayasekara ◽

Susan L. Surgenor ◽

Carla A. Hatcher ◽

Andrew J. Clegg ◽

Elizabeth J. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancy ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Clinical Risk

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Effectiveness of Adolescent Health Programme on knowledge regarding Iron deficiency anaemia among adolescent girls at Kabirdham District, Chhattisgarh

Asian Pacific Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences ◽

10.46811/apjnh/1.1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Kalpana B. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Secondary School ◽

Adolescent Health ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Knowledge Questionnaire ◽

Health Programme

Adolescent period is a critical link between childhood and adulthood. Objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of adolescent health programme on knowledge regarding Iron deficiency Anaemia among adolescent girls and to associate the knowledge score with their selected demographic variables. An evaluative approach was used in the study, non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 adolescent girls from 60 adolescent girls from govt. higher secondary school and 60 from private higher secondary school and data was gathered using the structured knowledge questionnaire on iron deficiency anaemia. Data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics .in selected school. The study result showed that majority (76%) of study sample had poor knowledge, 2% had good knowledge and 22% had average knowledge on prevention of iron deficiency anaemia.

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The prevalence of anaemia and morbidity profile among school going adolescent girls of urban Kathmandu, Nepal

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.767 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 39 (136) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kalapana Tiwari ◽

S Seshadri

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Health Problem ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Reported Health

A perusal of the literature on anaemia prevalence in Nepal from 1975 onwards highlightedtwo points: anaemia prevalence is high particularly among women and childrenand that adolescent girls as a group have not been studied much, in fact, theadolescent period is one of the critical periods for anaemia. The present studyassessed prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and morbidity problems of adolescentgirl. The results highlighted anaemia as a public health problem in girls and its prevalencewas found to be higher in Brahmins girls as compared to Newars and Chhetries.Eighty-two percent of the girls reported health problems such as aches and pains inthe body, infectious morbidities, and weakness and breathlessness. Thus, this femalepopulation groups needs to be paid special attention for health promoting interventionprogram.Key words: Anaemia, morbidity, adolescent girls.

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among the Reproductive Age Group Women Attending the Unani Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/44851.14340 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mazharul Islam ◽

Atiya Khan ◽

Arish Mohammad Khan Sherwani

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency. Globally, nearly two billion people are affected by anaemia. This disease most often affects children, women of child-bearing age, and pregnant women. Nearly half of the pregnant women in the world are estimated to be anaemic. Its prevalence varies according to region and socio-economic conditions. The majority of those who are anaemic live in developing countries where the problem is exacerbated by limited access to inadequate resources and appropriate treatment. Aim: To find out the prevalence of IDA in the reproductive age group women and its associated factors. Materials and Methods: This hospital based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 females, of age group 15-49 years. After obtaining the written informed consent, eligible subjects were inquired about socio-demographic variables, socio-economic status, anthropometric measurements and risk factors. Required investigations were done. All the information was recorded on the semi-structured schedule form. Chi-square/Fisher’s-exact test was used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. Results: Prevalence of IDA was found to be 42% (168/400). Prevalence of IDA was significant with habitat (p=0.0180), exercise (p=0.0004), amount of blood loss during menstruation (p<0.0001), duration of flow during menstruation, (p=0.0020), consumption of fish (p=0.0002), consumption of legumes (p=0.002), consumption of green leafy vegetable (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results confirmed an increased prevalence of IDA in women of reproductive age group.

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