Global climate effects of summer Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Xiuji Zhou ◽  
Junming Chen ◽  
Ge Liu ◽  
Sulan Nan
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Effects

scholarly journals Contrasting Evolution Patterns of Endorheic and Exorheic Lakes on the Central Tibetan Plateau and Climate Cause Analysis during 1988–2017

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Zhilong Zhao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zengzeng Hu ◽  
Xuanhua Nie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Mean Temperature

The alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are indicators of climate change. The assessment of lake dynamics on the TP is an important component of global climate change research. With a focus on lakes in the 33° N zone of the central TP, this study investigates the temporal evolution patterns of the lake areas of different types of lakes, i.e., non-glacier-fed endorheic lakes and non-glacier-fed exorheic lakes, during 1988–2017, and examines their relationship with changes in climatic factors. From 1988 to 2017, two endorheic lakes (Lake Yagenco and Lake Zhamcomaqiong) in the study area expanded significantly, i.e., by more than 50%. Over the same period, two exorheic lakes within the study area also exhibited spatio-temporal variability: Lake Gaeencuonama increased by 5.48%, and the change in Lake Zhamuco was not significant. The 2000s was a period of rapid expansion of both the closed lakes (endorheic lakes) and open lakes (exorheic lakes) in the study area. However, the endorheic lakes maintained the increase in lake area after the period of rapid expansion, while the exorheic lakes decreased after significant expansion. During 1988–2017, the annual mean temperature significantly increased at a rate of 0.04 °C/a, while the annual precipitation slightly increased at a rate of 2.23 mm/a. Furthermore, the annual precipitation significantly increased at a rate of 14.28 mm/a during 1995–2008. The results of this study demonstrate that the change in precipitation was responsible for the observed changes in the lake areas of the two exorheic lakes within the study area, while the changes in the lake areas of the two endorheic lakes were more sensitive to the annual mean temperature between 1988 and 2017. Given the importance of lakes to the TP, these are not trivial issues, and we now need accelerated research based on long-term and continuous remote sensing data.

Modulation of the relationship between summer temperatures in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Arctic over the past millennium by external forcings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Feng Shi ◽  
Anmin Duan ◽  
Qiuzhen Yin ◽  
John T Bruun ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Temperature Correlation ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Forcings ◽  
Centennial Variation ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Past Millennium

Abstract The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Arctic both have an important influence on global climate, but the correlation between climate variations in these two regions remains unclear. Here we reconstructed and compared the summer temperature anomalies over the past 1,120 yr (900–2019 CE) in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Arctic. The temperature correlation during the past millennium in these two regions has a distinct centennial variation caused by volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the abrupt weak-to-strong transition in the temperature correlation during the sixteenth century could be analogous to this type of transition during the Modern Warm Period. The former was forced by volcanic eruptions, while the latter was controlled by changes in greenhouse gases. This implies that anthropogenic, as opposed to natural, forcing has acted to amplify the teleconnection between the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Arctic during the Modern Warm Period.

scholarly journals Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

Aerospace ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sigrun Matthes ◽  
David S. Lee ◽  
Ruben Rodriguez De De Leon ◽  
Ling Lim ◽  
Bethan Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

When working towards regulation of supersonic aviation, a comprehensive understanding of the global climate effect of supersonic aviation is required in order to develop future regulatory issues. Such research requires a comprehensive overview of existing scientific literature having explored the climate effect of aviation. This review article provides an overview on earlier studies assessing the climate effects of supersonic aviation, comprising non-CO2 effects. An overview on the historical evaluation of research focussing on supersonic aviation and its environmental impacts is provided, followed by an overview on concepts explored and construction of emission inventories. Quantitative estimates provided for individual effects are presented and compared. Subsequently, regulatory issues related to supersonic transport are summarised. Finally, requirements for future studies, e.g., in emission scenario construction or numerical modelling of climate effects, are summarised and main conclusions discussed.

Weather and climate effects of the Tibetan Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Duan ◽  
Guoxiong Wu ◽  
Yimin Liu ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Weather And Climate

Paleoaltitudinal histories for the northern and southern margins of the Tibetan Plateau during the Late Cenozoic: revealed by GDGTs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
Xiaomin Fang ◽  
Haichao Guo ◽  
Weilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monsoon System ◽  
Uplift History

<p>As an important driver of global climate change during the Cenozoic, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has strongly influenced the origination and evolution of the Asian monsoon system, and therefore the aridification of central Asia. Over the last two decades, the application of stable isotope paleoaltimeters and the discoveries of mammal and plant fossils have greatly promoted the understanding of the uplift history of the TP. However, paleoaltitudinal reconstructions based on different paleoaltimeters have suggested differing outcomes and therefore remain controversial. Novel paleoaltimeters have therefore needed to be developed and applied to constrain the uplift history of the TP more accurately and effectively by comparing and verifying multi-proxies. Paleothermometers based on glyceryl dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are widely used in terrestrial and ocean temperature reconstructions. In this study, GDGT-based paleothermometers were tentatively applied to the Gyirong Basin on the southern TP, and the Xining Basins on the northern TP, in an attempt to quantitatively reconstruct their paleoaltitudes.</p><p>Both soil and aquatic-typed branched GDGTs have been identified from Late Miocene to Mid-Pliocene (7.0-3.2 Ma) samples taken from the Gyirong Basin; their reconstructed paleotemperatures were 7.5±3.3°C and 14.2±4.5°C, respectively. The former temperature may represent the mean temperature of the terrestrial organic matter input area, while the latter may represent the lake surface temperature. The results would suggest that the lake surface of the Gyirong Basin during the Late Miocene to Mid-Pliocene was 2.5±0.8 km and that the surrounding mountains exceeded 3.6±0.6 km, implying that the central Himalayas underwent a rapid uplift of ~1.5 km after the Mid-Pliocene.</p><p>GDGT-based paleotemperature reconstructions using MBT'<sub>5ME</sub> values show that the Xining Basin dropped in temperature by ~10°C during the ~10.5-8 Ma period, exceeding that in sea surface temperatures and low-altitude terrestrial temperatures during these periods. By combining these results with contemporaneous tectonic and sedimentary records, we infer that these cooling events signaled the regional uplift with the amplitude of ~1 km of the Xining basins. Our results support that the TP was still growing and uplifting substantially since the Late Miocene, which may provide new evidence for understanding the growth, expansion and uplift patterns of the TP.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration estimates over the Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3167-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Peng ◽  
Alexander Loew ◽  
Xuelong Chen ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Zhongbo Su
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
North West ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a major role in regional and global climate. The understanding of latent heat (LE) flux can help to better describe the complex mechanisms and interactions between land and atmosphere. Despite its importance, accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) over the TP remains challenging. Satellite observations allow for ET estimation at high temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-comparison of existing ET products over the TP. Six available ET products based on different approaches are included for comparison. Results show that all products capture the seasonal variability well with minimum ET in the winter and maximum ET in the summer. Regarding the spatial pattern, the High resOlution Land Atmosphere surface Parameters from Space (HOLAPS) ET demonstrator dataset is very similar to the LandFlux-EVAL dataset (a benchmark ET product from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment), with decreasing ET from the south-east to north-west over the TP. Further comparison against the LandFlux-EVAL over different sub-regions that are decided by different intervals of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, and elevation reveals that HOLAPS agrees best with LandFlux-EVAL having the highest correlation coefficient (R) and the lowest root mean square difference (RMSD). These results indicate the potential for the application of the HOLAPS demonstrator dataset in understanding the land–atmosphere–biosphere interactions over the TP. In order to provide more accurate ET over the TP, model calibration, high accuracy forcing dataset, appropriate in situ measurements as well as other hydrological data such as runoff measurements are still needed.

scholarly journals Assessing the Performance of CMIP5 Global Climate Models for Simulating Future Precipitation Change in the Tibetan Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Jia ◽  
Yunfeng Ruan ◽  
Yanzhao Yang ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Far Future

In this study, the performance of 33 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) in simulating precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) was assessed using data from 1961 to 2005 by an improved score-based method, which adopts multiple criteria to achieve a comprehensive evaluation. The future precipitation change was also estimated based on the Delta method by selecting the submultiple model ensemble (SMME) in the near-term (2006–2050) and far future (2051–2095) periods under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results showed that most GCMs can reasonably simulate the precipitation pattern of an annual cycle; however, all GCMs overestimated the precipitation over TP, especially in spring and summer. The GCMs generally provide good simulations of the temporal characteristics of precipitation, while they did not perform as well in reproducing its spatial distributions. Different assessment criteria lead to inconsistent results; however, the improved rank score method, which adopts multiple criteria, provided a robust assessment of GCMs performance. The future annual precipitation was projected to increase by ~6% in the near-term with respect to the period 1961–2005, whereas increases of 12.3% and 16.7% are expected in the far future under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Similar spatial distributions of future precipitation changes can be seen in the near-term and far future periods under the two scenarios, and indicate that the most predominant increases occurred in the north of TP. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information on climate change, and for water resources and agricultural management in TP.

scholarly journals Transport of Asian surface pollutants to the global stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region during the Asian summer monsoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Bian ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Zhixuan Bai ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Daren Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to its surrounding strong and deep Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and active surface pollutant emissions, surface pollutants are transported to the stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region, which may have critical impacts on global climate through chemical, microphysical and radiative processes. This article reviews major recent advances in research regarding troposphere–stratosphere transport from the region of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the total ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from satellite observations in the early 1990s, new satellite-borne instruments have become operational and have provided significant new information on atmospheric composition. In addition, in situ measurements and model simulations are used to investigate deep convection and the ASM anticyclone, surface sources and pathways, atmospheric chemical transformations and the impact on global climate. Also challenges are discussed for further understanding critical questions on microphysics and microchemistry in clouds during the pathway to the global stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau.

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