Evidence for lipid signaling molecules in glycated protein preparations being responsible for the stimulation of inflammatory signaling in RAGE expressing cells – Potential role of lysophosphatidic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. S120-S121
Author(s):  
Timo Buetler ◽  
Hélia Latado ◽  
Gabriele Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Endothelin in health and disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Nakaš-Ićindić ◽  
Asija Začiragić ◽  
Almira Hadžović ◽  
Nešina Avdagić
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Endothelin 3 ◽  
Stimulation Of

Endothelin is a recently discovered peptide composed of 21 amino acids. There are three endothelin isomers: endothelin -1 (ET-1), endothelin -2 (ET-2) and endothelin - 3 (ET-3). In humans and animals levels of ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and big endothelin in blood range from 0,3 to 3 pg/ml. ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3 act by binding to receptors. Two main types of the receptors for endothelins exist and they are referred to as A and B type receptors. Different factors can stimulate or inhibit production of endothelin by endothelial cells. Mechanical stimulation of endothehum, thrombin, calcium ions, epinephrine, angiotensin II, vasopressin, dopamine, cytokines, growth factors stimulate the production of endothelin whereas nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, atrial natriuretic peptide, prostacyclin, bradykinin inhibit its production. Endothelins have different physiological roles in human body but at the same time their actions are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases.The aim of this review was to present some of, so far, the best studied physiological roles of endothelin and to summarize evidence supporting the potential role of ET in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.

scholarly journals Fyn kinase–tubulin interaction during meiosis of rat eggs

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Talmor-Cohen ◽  
R Tomashov-Matar ◽  
W B Tsai ◽  
W H Kinsey ◽  
R Shalgi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Src Family Kinase ◽  
Fyn Kinase ◽  
Phase Arrest ◽  
Vertebrate Eggs ◽  
Rat Eggs ◽  
Stimulation Of

Prior to fertilization, the spindle of vertebrate eggs must remain stable and well organized during the second meiotic meta-phase arrest (MII). In a previous study we have determined that the completion of meiosis is a Src family kinase (SFK)-dependent event. In the current study we have used the SFK inhibitors, SU6656 and PP2, and demonstrated that inhibition of SFKs caused the formation of a disorganized spindle. The observation that proper organization of an MII spindle is an SFK-dependent process, combined with our previous finding that Fyn kinase is localized at the microtubules (MTs), prompted us to examine the potential role of Fyn in MT signaling. Our results show an association between Fyn and tubulin, the ability of Fyn to phosphorylate tubulinin vitroand stimulation of meiosis completion by injection of a constitutively active form of Fyn (CAF).We suggested that SFKs mediate significant functions during the organization of the MII spindle. In view of CAF injection experiments, and of the pronounced concentration of Fyn kinase at the spindle, we propose that Fyn may play an important role in some aspects of the spindle functions, possibly those involving the MTs.

scholarly journals Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Nakajima ◽  
Zhenzhong Cui ◽  
Chia Li ◽  
Jaroslawna Meister ◽  
Yinghong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Sustained Increase

Abstract Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating food intake and body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y. AgRP neurons express various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with different coupling properties, including Gs-linked GPCRs. At present, the potential role of Gs-coupled GPCRs in regulating the activity of AgRP neurons remains unknown. Here we show that the activation of Gs-coupled receptors expressed by AgRP neurons leads to a robust and sustained increase in food intake. We also provide detailed mechanistic data linking the stimulation of this class of receptors to the observed feeding phenotype. Moreover, we show that this pathway is clearly distinct from other GPCR signalling cascades that are operative in AgRP neurons. Our data suggest that drugs able to inhibit this signalling pathway may become useful for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals The role of IL-5 in eosinophils’ apoptotic death mechanisms in patients with bronchial asthma

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
I. I. Ivanchuk ◽  
A. E. Sazonov ◽  
F. I. Petrovsky ◽  
I. S. Lescheva ◽  
A. P. Kopieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
Blood Eosinophils ◽  
Cellular Destruction ◽  
Stimulation Of

Investigations of the mRNA expression of apoptosis intracellular regulators, bcl-2 and bcl-xL antagonists and bax, bcl-xL agonists of cellular destruction as well as mRNA expression of IL-5 were carried out. As a result of investigation of potential role of IL-5 in the regulation of programmable bcl-2-dependent destruction we found the increase of vitality and mRNA expression stimulation of bcl-2 peripheral blood eosinophils in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). It was found that fresh-isolated peripheral blood eosinophils in all investigated groups expressed bax and bcl-xL mRNA, bcl-xS had the less activity. In peripheric blood eosinophils of healthy donors the bcl-2 expression was not found, however, the increase of mRNA expression by IL-5 was shown in group of patients with bronchial asthma and, possibly connected with this, the appearance of bcl-2 activity. Thus, the decrease of apoptotic activity in peripheral blood eosinophils in patients with bronchial asthma may lead to the increase of eosinophil portion that is subjected to necrotic destruction and this may significantly contribute into bronchial asthma pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in Early Childhood and the Effect on Immunity toMycobacterium tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jane Battersby ◽  
Beate Kampmann ◽  
Sarah Burl
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Stimulation Of

A potential role for vitamin D as a therapeutic immunomodulator in tuberculosis (TB) has been recognised for over 150 years, but has only recently returned to the centre of the research arena due to the increasing awareness of the global vitamin D deficiency epidemic. As early as birth a child is often deficient in vitamin D, which may not only affect their bone metabolism but also modulate their immune function, contributing to the increased susceptibility to many infections seen early in life. Recent studies have begun to explain the mechanisms by which vitamin D affects immunity. Antimicrobial peptides are induced in conjunction with stimulation of innate pattern recognition receptors enhancing immunity to particular infections. In contrast the role of vitamin D within the adaptive immune response appears to be more regulatory in function, perhaps as a mechanism to reduce unwanted inflammation. In this paper we focus on the effect of vitamin D on immunity to TB. Where much of the attention has been paid by past reviews to the role of vitamin D in adult TB patients, this paper, where possible, focuses on research in paediatric populations.

scholarly journals Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Thyrotropin Expression Involves Islet-Brain-1/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Interacting Protein-1

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 5623-5628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Abe ◽  
Koji Murao ◽  
Hitomi Imachi ◽  
Wen M. Cao ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
Gh3 Cells ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Transfection Study

Abstract Islet-brain-1 (IB1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase interacting protein 1 (JIP-1) is a scaffold protein that is expressed at high levels in neurons and the endocrine pancreas. IB1/JIP-1 interacts with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and mediates the specific physiological stimuli (such as cytokines). However, the potential role of the protein in the pituitary has not been evaluated. Herein, we examined expression of the gene encoding IB1/JIP-1 and its translated product in the anterior pituitary gland and a pituitary cell line, GH3. We then examined the potential role of IB1/JIP-1 in controlling TSH-β gene expression. Exposure of GH3 cells to TRH stimulated the expression of IB1/JIP-1 protein levels, mRNA, and transcription of the promoter. The increase of IB1/JIP-1 content by transient transfection study of a vector encoding IB1/JIP-1 or by the stimulation of TRH stimulates TSH-β promoter activity. This effect is not found in the presence of a mutated nonfunctional (IB1S59N) IB1/JIP-1 protein. Together, these facts point to a central role of the IB1/JIP-1 protein in the control of TRH-mediated TSH-β stimulation.

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