Negative effects of Azadirachtin (Neem-Azal) on non cibled species Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera): Delayed effects on reproduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. S103
Author(s):  
A. Nadia ◽  
O. Chemessedine ◽  
B. Bilel ◽  
J. Dominique ◽  
D.B.K.-M. Samira Badji-Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Delayed Effects

scholarly journals Salinization effects on coastal ecosystems: a terrestrial model ecosystem approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1764) ◽  
pp. 20180251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Pereira ◽  
I. Lopes ◽  
I. Abrantes ◽  
J. P. Sousa ◽  
S. Chelinho
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Delayed Effects

In coastal areas, intrusion/irrigation with seawater can threaten biodiversity along with crop yields, and the leaching of salts from areas affected by these processes can increase the salinity of water bodies nearby. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinization on coastal soil ecosystems due to saline intrusion/irrigation. Terrestrial model ecosystems were used to simulate two soil salinization scenarios: (i) seawater intrusion and irrigation with distilled water and (ii) seawater intrusion and irrigation with saline water. Three sampling periods were established: T0—after acclimation period; T1—salinization effects; and T2—populations' recovery. In each sampling period, the abundance of nematodes, enchytraeids, springtails, mites and earthworms, and plant biomass were measured. Immediate negative effects on enchytraeid abundance were detected, especially at the higher level of saltwater via intrusion+irrigation. Eight weeks after the cessation of saline irrigation, the abundance of enchytraeids fully recovered, and some delayed effects were observed in earthworm abundance and plant biomass, especially at the higher soil conductivity level. The observed low capacity of soil to retain salts suggests that, particularly at high soil conductivities, nearby freshwater bodies can also be endangered. Under saline conditions similar to the ones assayed, survival of some soil communities can be threatened, leading to the loss of biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

Locomotion is not influenced by denticle number in larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Evelyn Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Locomotory Performance ◽  
Locomotion Speed

Denticles are small projections on the underside of larval fruit flies that are used to grip the substrate while crawling. Previous studies have shown that (i) there is natural variation in denticle number and pattern between Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) and several closely related species and (ii) mutations affecting denticle morphology have negative effects on locomotory performance. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between denticle number and locomotory performance within populations of D. melanogaster. Despite finding considerable variation in denticle number, we found no correlation between denticle number and three measurements of larval locomotion: speed, acceleration, and absolute turning rate.

The Delayed Effect of Parental Control on the Adaptation of Men and Women in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Borys A. Yakymchuk ◽  
◽  
Iryna P. Yakymchuk ◽  
Iryna P. Yakymchuk ◽  
Iryna O. Vakhotska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Personal Boundaries ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Paternal Control ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

Parental control is an integral part of parent-child relations and a traditional tool of socialization. However, numerous negative effects of parental intervention in the child’s inner world are known. This study clarifies the delayed effects of parental control and a detached parenting style. 270 men and women are aged 35-44 years filled in the questionnaires of hardiness, the sovereignty of the psychological space, and perceived behavior by the father and mother. The results confirmed the prevalence of parental control, especially its manifestations on the part of mothers about daughters. In adult women's lives, mothers' directiveness correlates with hostility and violation of personal boundaries as regards the body, personal territory, things, habits, social connections, and values; men noted maternal interference in the formation of sovereign habits and values. At the same time, parental non-involvement is widespread; the autonomy of fathers about children is significantly greater than mothers. Correlation analysis confirmed the assumption that parental directivity/autonomy determines the hardiness and sense of integrity of personal boundaries in adulthood. The effect of parental control in adulthood depends on the gender of the children and the parents. Maternal control is a strong negative factor for daughters, while maternal autonomy positively correlates with indicators of hardiness. Paternal control was a neutral factor for daughters. For sons, the directivity of father and mother contributes to the formation of resilience. The conclusion was made about the need for differentiation of positive and negative effects of parental control, taking into account gender positions.

scholarly journals Valorisation of the Effects of Bioactive Compounds of the Ethanolic Extract of Ramalina Farinacea (Ramalinaceae) on the Development, Eating and Pupation Behavior of Drosophila Melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Fatma Zohra Saadane ◽  
Nour El Imene Boublata ◽  
Sarra Habbachi ◽  
Abir Bouzar ◽  
Wafa Habbachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Pupation Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ramalina Farinacea

Plants are rich in bioactive chemical secondary metabolites and have proven insecticidal activity by killing or repelling insects. In this work, we aim to evaluate the direct and delayed effects of ethanolic plant extracts on the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster). The treatment was performed by ingestion on second instar larvae (L2) to evaluate the impact of the ethanolic extract on development for 15 days and subsequently on the feeding behavior of the larvae. The results of this study indicate a slowing down of pupal growth until the adult stage, at the three concentrations (0.25 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml, 1.5 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml) used. The results also showed that after three days of treatment, third instar D. melanogster larvae lost the ability to detect the odors of their nutrient environments. Other numbers of larvae (34 %) do not make a choice in the different tests performed. This study indicates that the ethanolic extract of Ramalina farinacea has a neurotoxic property our results confirmed the presence of toxic secondary metabolites which have bioinsecticidal activities in this extract.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorella vulgaris extract on high sucrose diet-induced diabetes in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Agus Salim ◽  
Muhammad Subandi ◽  
Yeni Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a microscopic green algae that has known potential as a source of food and medicine (functional food). However, the pharmacological capacity of this microalgae species against disease due to metabolic disorders is still not understood. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of C. vulgaris extract on animal models of Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) which are fed high-sucrose diet (HSD). Wild type Drosophila was used in this study for 7 days of observation. Drosophila was divided into four groups consisting of the first group that was not treated as a control. The second group was treated with HSD (30%), the third group was treated with C. vulgaris extract (120 g/L) and the fourth group was treated with double treatment (HSD and C. vulgaris extract). The parameters observed included fecundity, hatchability, hemolymph glucose and triglyceride levels. The results showed that the extract of C. vulgaris was able to reduce the negative effects of giving HSD. The single treatment of C. vulgaris extract and double treatment between C. vulgaris extract and HSD significantly decreased levels of hemolymph glucose, triglycerides of Drosophila, while the parameters of fecundity and hatchability were significantly increased when compared to Drosophila which only received HSD treatment. The conclusion of this study is that C. vulgaris extract can be used as an antihyperglycemic agent which requires further study to prove the results that have been obtained.

scholarly journals Transposable element landscape in Drosophila populations selected for longevity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Fabian ◽  
Handan Melike Dönertaş ◽  
Matías Fuentealba ◽  
Linda Partridge ◽  
Janet M. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Genomic Insertions

ABSTRACTTransposable elements (TEs) inflict numerous negative effects on health and fitness as they replicate by integrating into new regions of the host genome. Even though organisms employ powerful mechanisms to demobilize TEs, transposons gradually lose repression during aging. The rising TE activity causes genomic instability and was implicated in age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and the determination of lifespan. It is therefore conceivable that long-lived individuals have improved TE silencing mechanisms resulting in reduced TE expression relative to their shorter-lived counterparts and fewer genomic insertions. Here, we test this hypothesis by performing the first genome-wide analysis of TE insertions and expression in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for longevity through late-life reproduction for 50-170 generations from four independent studies. Contrary to our expectation, TE families were generally more abundant in long-lived populations compared to non-selected controls. Although simulations showed that this was not expected under neutrality, we found little evidence for selection driving TE abundance differences. Additional RNA-seq analysis revealed a tendency for reducing TE expression in selected populations, which might be more important for lifespan than regulating genomic insertions. We further find limited evidence of parallel selection on genes related to TE regulation and transposition. However, telomeric TEs were genomically and transcriptionally more abundant in long-lived flies, suggesting improved telomere maintenance as a promising TE-mediated mechanism for prolonging lifespan. Our results provide a novel viewpoint indicating that reproduction at old age increases the opportunity of TEs to be passed on to the next generation with little impact on longevity.

scholarly journals Transposable Element Landscape in Drosophila Populations Selected for Longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K Fabian ◽  
Handan Melike Dönertaş ◽  
Matías Fuentealba ◽  
Linda Partridge ◽  
Janet M Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Genomic Insertions

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) inflict numerous negative effects on health and fitness as they replicate by integrating into new regions of the host genome. Even though organisms employ powerful mechanisms to demobilize TEs, transposons gradually lose repression during aging. The rising TE activity causes genomic instability and was implicated in age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and the determination of lifespan. It is therefore conceivable that long-lived individuals have improved TE silencing mechanisms resulting in reduced TE expression relative to their shorter-lived counterparts and fewer genomic insertions. Here, we test this hypothesis by performing the first genome-wide analysis of TE insertions and expression in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for longevity through late-life reproduction for 50–170 generations from four independent studies. Contrary to our expectation, TE families were generally more abundant in long-lived populations compared with nonselected controls. Although simulations showed that this was not expected under neutrality, we found little evidence for selection driving TE abundance differences. Additional RNA-seq analysis revealed a tendency for reducing TE expression in selected populations, which might be more important for lifespan than regulating genomic insertions. We further find limited evidence of parallel selection on genes related to TE regulation and transposition. However, telomeric TEs were genomically and transcriptionally more abundant in long-lived flies, suggesting improved telomere maintenance as a promising TE-mediated mechanism for prolonging lifespan. Our results provide a novel viewpoint indicating that reproduction at old age increases the opportunity of TEs to be passed on to the next generation with little impact on longevity.

Can disclaimer labels or Dove Evolution commercial mitigate negative effects of thin-ideal exposure?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinusha NC Cragg ◽  
Kate E Mulgrew ◽  
Lee Kannis-Dymand
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Effects Of Media

We examined the comparative effectiveness of the Dove Evolution commercial and disclaimer labels as media literacy interventions. Women ( N = 287) viewed thin-ideal images by themselves, preceded by the Dove Evolution commercial, or containing specific or generic disclaimer labels. Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of body satisfaction, post-test social comparison, and media literacy. Interventions were not effective in mitigating drops in body satisfaction, reducing social comparison, or increasing media literacy, despite women understanding their purpose. A 2-week follow-up showed no delayed effects on media literacy. None of these interventions were effective in counteracting the negative effects of media exposure in women.

scholarly journals Site-specific recombination between inverted target sites generates dicentric/acentric chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon W. A. Titen ◽  
Makenna T. B. Johnson ◽  
Mario Capecchi ◽  
Kent G. Golic
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Site Specific Recombination ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACTSite-specific recombinases are widely used tools for analysis of genetics, development and cell biology, and many schemes have been devised to alter gene expression by recombinase-mediated DNA rearrangements. Because the FRT and lox target sites for the commonly used FLP and Cre recombinases are asymmetrical, and must pair in the same direction to recombine, construct design must take into account orientation of the target sites. Both direct and inverted configurations have been used. However, the consequence of recombination between target sites on sister chromatids is frequently overlooked. This is especially consequential with inverted target sites, where exchange between oppositely oriented target sites on sisters will produce dicentric and acentric chromosomes. By using constructs that have inverted target sites in Drosophila melanogaster and in mice, we show here that dicentric chromosomes are produced in the presence of recombinase, and that the frequency of this event is quite high. The negative effects on cell viability and behavior can be significant, and should be considered when using such constructs.

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