Granulocyte transfusions for pediatric patients and the establishment of national treatment guidelines and donor registry

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vrielink ◽  
B. Meijer ◽  
E. van ’t Ende ◽  
L.M. Ball ◽  
A. Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
National Treatment

scholarly journals The effect of eligibility for antiretroviral therapy on body mass index and blood pressure in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Kuber ◽  
Anna Reuter ◽  
Pascal Geldsetzer ◽  
Natsayi Chimbindi ◽  
Mosa Moshabela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

AbstractWe use a regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility according to national treatment guidelines of South Africa on two risk factors for cardiovascular disease, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. We combine survey data collected in 2010 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with clinical data on ART. We find that early ART eligibility significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We do not find any significant effects on BMI. The effect on blood pressure can be detected up to three years after becoming eligible for ART.

scholarly journals Current Approaches in Management of Patients with Hypophosphatasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-528
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Baranov ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Sergey I. Kutsev ◽  
Tea V. Margieva ◽  
Nato D. Vashakmadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Based Medicine

he authors present the latest data on the hypophosphatasia (HPP) management in children. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease caused by deficiency of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase due to mutation in the ALPL gene. The article covers all the features of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, detailed stages of differential diagnostics. Treatment guidelines for pediatric patients are provided, they are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Special attention was given to the only effective method of hypophosphatasia management —enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This material is the clinical guideline draft for the management of patients with hypophosphatasia prepared by the Union of Pediatricians of Russia and the Association of Medical Geneticists.

Guideline-based treatment utilization, treatment time, and cost of chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer patients treated in U.S. community oncology practices from 2005 to 2009.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14118-e14118
Author(s):  
Yen Phung ◽  
Zhaohui Wang ◽  
Inga Aksamit ◽  
Sarah G. Green ◽  
Karen Todoroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Utilization ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Community Oncology ◽  
To Receive

e14118 Background: Adherence (Ad) to national treatment guidelines (TG) is important in improving the quality, outcomes, and cost of cancer treatment (TX) in the U.S. We examined regimens (Reg) utilized, TG-Ad, time on metastatic TX, and cost of chemotherapy prescribed by U.S. community oncology practices to treat patients (Pts) with metastatic colon cancer (MCC) in 2005 and 2009. Methods: Adult colon cancer Pts beginning first line metastatic treatment (LOT-1) in each full calendar year for 2005 and 2009 were reviewed from a large U.S. medical oncology clinical database derived from web-based drug dispensing technology. Reg utilized and 2-yr time on metastatic TX were analyzed and compared to TG recommendations. Reg costs based on Medicare reimbursement were compared. Results: The average number of LOT and number of unique drugs Pts were exposed to were similar between 2005 and 2009. About 70% of Pts received only one LOT. In LOT-1 and 2, TG regs were prescribed more often than Non-TG regs for both groups. TG-Ad was significantly higher in 2009 than in 2005 for LOT-1 (p < 0.0001). Pts receiving TG-Ad Reg for LOT-1 had a significantly longer total metastatic treatment time in both 2005 and 2009. In both 2005 and 2009, FOLFOX+Bev was the most frequent LOT-1 Reg given (37% of Pts), while FOLFIRI+Bev was the most frequent LOT-2 Reg given. 69% of Pts received Bev with LOT-1 in both 2005 and 2009; of those, 28-30% continued to receive Bev with LOT-2. Costs for the top 5 LOT-1 Regs were $17,031 to $34,400 and $5,512 to $39,835 for 2005 and 2009, respectively. Conclusions: U.S. community oncology practices significantly improved guideline Ad in the TX of MCC from 2005 to 2009. In LOT-1, TG Regs were prescribed more than non-TG Regs for both groups. TG Ad for LOT-1 significantly improved time on metastatic TX in both groups. FOLFOX+Bev and FOLFIRI+Bev were most frequently prescribed for LOT-1 and LOT-2, respectively. Costs for the five most utilized Regs vary considerably. [Table: see text]

Otitis Media: Review of the 2004 Treatment Guidelines

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Petrea Cober ◽  
Cary E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
English Language ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
The Us

OBJECTIVE To review the 2004 treatment guidelines provided by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) regarding the treatment of otitis media in pediatric patients. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search, restricted to English-language articles about pediatric patients, was conducted (1966–May 2005) using the key words acute otitis media (AOM), guideline, observation therapy, and vaccination. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of cited articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Studies related to the fundamental basis of the updated guidelines and articles addressing current issues related to otitis media infection were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Otitis media affects many children in the US. Concerns have been raised about the proper treatment of AOM in the face of increasing drug resistance among primary pathogens responsible for infection. Some countries have chosen to observe patients for a designated period of time prior to initiation of antibiotic therapy. The AAP and AAFP have updated the treatment guidelines for otitis media to include the option of observation therapy, recommendations for dosing of various antibiotic regimens and their place in therapy, and the importance of initial pain management. CONCLUSIONS Updated treatment guidelines for otitis media have been developed in an effort to properly treat children while decreasing current resistance rates for common organisms that cause AOM. In the future, the therapeutic outcomes of observation therapy related to both the incidence of drug resistance and the possibility of increased complications related to otitis media will need to be evaluated in the US.

Pattern of acute food, drug, and chemical poisoning in Sari City, Northern Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Nasrin Pakravan ◽  
Zeynab Ghazizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Underlying Causes

This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at the poisoning ward of Imam teaching hospital, Sari, Iran, with the aim of evaluating the pattern of poisoning. Hence, the medical profiles of 2057 patients, who were admitted, were carefully reviewed during the period from April 2006 to March 2008 for 2 years. During this period, 2057 cases, 53.9% female and 46.1% male, were admitted with the indication of acute poisoning. The greatest proportion of poisoning occurred between the ages of 18 and 29 years, with suicidal intentions. Most cases of poisoning were intentional (85%). The most common agents involved in acute poisoning were drugs (77.7%), especially sedatives/hypnotics such as benzodiazepines, followed by opioid analgesics. Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides were the third major agent that induced poisoning. Twenty-seven patients (1.3%) who were mostly females and young adults died. Death mostly occurred due to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (19 cases) poisoning, followed by sedatives/hypnotics like benzodiazepines (3 cases). High prevalence of intentional overdose and mortality among young adults requires considerable attention and further studies to find out the underlying causes. In addition, strict rules must be followed regarding the sale of central nervous system drugs and pesticides, particularly organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Establishing poison information centers in different parts of the country, preparing national treatment guidelines, training healthcare providers, and ensuring easy availability of the antidotes are also recommended.

What Can Qualitative Research Tell Us about Service User Perspectives of CBT for Psychosis? A Synthesis of Current Evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clio Berry ◽  
Mark Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Service User ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
User Perspectives

Background: Although recommended in national treatment guidelines, there is much that is still unknown about CBT for psychosis (CBTp) in terms of the process and experience of the therapy. One way to investigate these gaps in knowledge is to explore service users' experiences through qualitative research. Aims: To consolidate existing qualitative explorations of CBTp from a service user perspective. Method: Qualitative synthesis and comparison with previous research findings. Results: Two analytical themes were created from initial descriptive themes common to multiple studies: “The ingredients in the process of therapy” and “What is the process of therapy?” Conclusions: Qualitative synthesis is a useful method for generating new insights from multiple qualitative studies. Service user perspectives on CBTp corroborate existing research and may also offer more novel findings regarding the ingredients and process of therapy. However, qualitative studies are limited in number and do not always maximize the prominence of service user experience.

scholarly journals Treatment Administered to Newborns With Congenital Syphilis During the Period of Penicillin Shortage in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Fatima Braga Rocha ◽  
Maria Alix Leite Araújo ◽  
Melanie M. Taylor ◽  
Edna O. Kara ◽  
Nathalie Jeanne Nicole Broutet
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Maternal Syphilis ◽  
The City ◽  
Severe Shortage

Abstract Background Between 2014 and 2016, Brazil experienced a severe shortage in penicillin supply, resulting in a lack of treatment among some pregnant women and newborns with syphilis and the use of non-evidence-based regimens. The aim of this study is to describe the different therapeutic regimens used in newborns with congenital syphilis during the period of penicillin shortage using a retrospective cross-sectional study design conducted in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. Methods Hospital medical records and case reporting forms of live births reported with congenital syphilis in 2015 and the associated maternal syphilis cases were reviewed during June 2017 to July 2018 from all public maternity hospitals in the city of Fortaleza. Results A total of 575 congenital syphilis cases were reported to the municipality of Fortaleza during 2015 and 469 (81.5%) were analyzed. Of these, only 210 (44.8%) were treated with a nationally-recommended treatment. As alternative therapeutic options, ceftriaxone was used in 65 (13.8%), Cefazolin in 15 (3.2%) and the combination of more than one drug in 179 (38.2%). Newborns with VDRL titers > 1:8 (p = 0.021), who had some clinical manifestation at birth (p = 0.003), who were born premature (p < 0.001), with low birth weight (p = 0.010), with jaundice indicative of the need for phototherapy (p = 0.019) and with hepatomegaly (p = 0.045) were more likely to be treated with penicillin according to national treatment guidelines compared to newborns treated with other regimens. Conclusion During the period of shortage of penicillin in Fortaleza, less than half of the infants with CS were treated with a nationally-recommended regimen, the remaining received treatment with medications available in the hospital of birth including drugs that are not part of nationally or internationally-recommended treatment recommendations.

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